南四湖港口污染物扩散区COD降解系数的研究

本文对南四湖港口污染物扩散区内的ＣＯＤ降解规律进行了室内模拟试验研究,采用最小二乘法估计出了ＣＯＤ可降解部分的降解系数和不可降解部分的百分比,并通过方差分析验证了模型的可靠性。ＣＯＤ降解系数和不可降解百分比的获取,可以为预测各港口对南四湖水质变化趋势的影响,为制定相应的水污染防治规划和措施,提供了重要的基础数据。     

松花江哈尔滨段主干流常规污染物动态衰减速度系数的测算研究

采用2011—2013年松花江哈尔滨段各断面水质监测数据和老头湾水文数据,运用实测资料反推法和河流一维水质模型对该段干流的COD、BOD5、NH3-N的衰减速度系数K进行测算,结果表明:1—12月朱顺屯—大顶子山的KCOD、KBOD5、KNH3-N分别在0.035 d-1~3.372 d-1、0.368 d-1~5.459 d-1和0.245 d-1~5.600 d-1之间;冰封期各污染物K值小于明水期,夏季(6—8月)K值大于其他季节。以2013年阿什河口下—呼兰河口下河段上、下游各断面的监测数据对测算的各污染物动态K值进行率定,实际监测值与预测浓度年内变化趋势基本一致,相对误差在25%以内,水质验证结果较满意。     

考虑水温变化的变降解系数在北京市北运河水质模拟中的应用

综合降解系数是水质模拟预测、水环境容量计算中的关键参数之一,并且受温度影响较大。首先基于北京市北运河代表站2010年逐日水温资料,根据描述氨氮降解系数与温度之间数量关系的经验公式,得到随水温变化的动态降解系数以及年均水温对应的恒定降解系数,并采用模型试错法进行修正。然后基于MIKE11模型,模拟了采用变降解系数和恒定降解系数2种情景下北运河榆林庄断面氨氮浓度的变化。结果表明:2种情景均能较好地模拟氨氮浓度的年变化趋势,但采用变降解系数下大多月份模拟得到的月均质量浓度相对实测值误差较小,尤其是4—12月各月平均质量浓度模拟误差控制在15%以内,全年日均质量浓度模拟误差不足4%,模型表现更为稳定。     

The Pollution Load by Nitrogen and Phosphorus IN the Jadro River

The objective of the investigations of the Jadro River, located in Croatia, was to estimate the nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Jadro River spring and its streamflow by calculating the load in kg/day or tons/year and to compare this with the load for the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for drinking water (Official Bulletin, No 46/94) expressed in kg/day or tons/year.Daily pollution loads at the Jadro River spring for total N ranged from 0 to 304 kg, for NH₃-N from 0 to 38 kg, for NO₃-N from 0–1321 kg and for PO₄-P from 0–92 kg in the period from September 1993 to September 2003. When compared with MAC loads the results prove that the Jadro River spring is not polluted by nitrogen compounds and phosphorus.The average annual load for total N ranged from 10 to 33 t, for NH₃-N from 0.25 to 5.15 t, for NO₃-N from 40 to 190 t, and for PO₄-P from 0.3 to 11.5 t. The nitrogen compounds and phosphorus loads vary from one year to another without any constant decreasing or increasing trends. The annual average loads compared with the average annual MAC loads (especially for NH₃-N and PO₄-P) show that there were no threats of constant pollution of the spring.The loads for total N and PO₄-P along the Jadro River flow from the spring to the fishpond entrance were monitored over a five year period from September 1999 to September 2004. The results show no regularities. The highest annual total nitrogen load of 45 t was recorded at the entrance to the fishpond during the 2002/2003 period. The highest annual PO₄-P load of 10 t was measured at the Vidović Bridge during the 2003/2004 period; however, the concentrations of N and P did not exceed the MAC concentrations which are prescribed for drinking water.According to the investigation results of the daily and average annual loads compared with MAC loads for drinking water, it can be concluded that the Jadro River spring and its streamflow are not polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus.     

浙江来水与黄浦江上游支流总磷和氨氮变化规律分析

利用浙江来水汇入黄浦江上游支流的3个断面2000—2009年10年的总磷和氨氮监测资料,分别对同一断面在丰水期、平水湖、枯水期的浓度以及同一水期不同断面的浓度,利用SPSS统计分析软件,对总磷、氨氮的浓度变化规律进行分析,在此基础上采用Spearman秩相关分析方法进行相应的趋势分析,揭示出总磷、氨氮在不同水期、不同断面的变化规律以及浓度变化趋势。     

南通濠河水体中非离子氨的动态变化分析

分析了濠河水体中非离子氨在不同断面、不同月份、不同年际的变化情况 ,并指出其超标的原因及控制措施     

The water quality of the Vrgorska Matica River

The article presents the results of investigations carried out on the 42 km long Vrgorska Matica River, which flows through the 15 km long Vrgorsko polje (polje = field) which covers an areaof 3000 ha, and is at 24 m a.s.l., located in Southern Croatia.It covers the years 1997–2000 after this field had been reclaimed for agricultural use.The purpose of the investigations was to evaluate the influence of the Vrgorska Matica River which is part of the catchment areaof the Trebizat River, on the water quality in Modro Oko Lakeand Prud Spring, which are used for water supply and are locateddownstream of the Vrgorska Matica River on the right bank of theNeretva River.The water quality was evaluated by using the quality index basedon the following nine parameters: temperature, mineralization, corrosion coefficient, K = (Cl + SO₄)/HCO₃, dissolvedoxygen, BOD₅, total N, protein N, total phosphorus and totalcoliform bacteria (100 mL)^-1 (MPN coli (100 mL)^-1) for which concentrations C ₉₅ are calculated. After completingthe nine parameters the results of C ₉₅ were recorded andtransferred to the score table to obtain the q-value. The q-value used is an attempt to quantify environmental factors which would otherwise be qualitative. For each parameter the q-value was multiplied by a weighting factor based upon the relative significance of the parameter. The nine resulting scores values were then added to arrive at an overall water quality index (S₉₅).According to this index the water can be classified into four categories. The first category, according to the Croatian Water Classification Act (Official Bulletin No. 77,1998), includes ground and surface waters used for drinking or in the food industry either in its natural state or after disinfection, and surface water used for raising high-quality species of fish, ranging from 85–100 scores; the second category includes waterused in its natural state for swimming and recreation, sports orfor other species of fish and the treated water used for drinkingand other industrial purposes ranging between 70–85 scores. Thethird category includes water used in industry with no specific requests upon water quality and in agriculture ranging from 50–70 scores; the fourth category includes water used only afterbeing treated in areas with water shortage which is less than 50 scores.According to results obtained by investigations, the water of theVrgorska Matica River and Prud Spring falls into the second (II)category, while water from the Modro Oko Lake belongs to the first (I) category. This means that the Matica River water does not influence the water quality of the Modro Oko Lake. This lakewater quality is influenced by the Rastoka Matica River from theRastoko polje which is located upstream from the Vrgorska MaticaRiver. This has been proved by dyeing tests.     

塔里木河下游土地覆盖动态变化分析

利用80－90年代的TM影响数据,借助GIS分析了新疆塔里木河下游典型生态调查区内土地利用／土地覆盖现状及动态变化,并对塔河下游土地开发效果进行了对比分析。结果显示,耕地和城镇居住住用地的增加完全来源于对草地的开垦和对荒漠胡杨林的占用。同时,由于沙化、盐咸化等自然因素的影响和因对水资源的不合理利用所产生的土壤次生盐渍化的共同作用,控制着区内生态环境不断恶化的总体态势。     

近年来淮河干流氮污染状况与变化趋势

对淮河干流1990年至2002年氮污染和溶解氧监测数据的分析表明,沿淮河干流上游至下游氮污染加重,溶解氧含量降低。在一年中的6～9月,淮河干流无机氮和溶解氧浓度为最低。溶解氧的浓度直接影响到氨氮向亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮转化这一氧化自净过程。     

在同一消解液中同时测定总磷和总氮

探讨了在同一消解液中同时测定总磷、总氮的分析方法。实验结果表明，选用合适的氢氧化钠和过硫酸钾的加入量，可在同一消解液中同时测定总磷和总氮，并能克服消解液保存时间短的缺点。应用本文所拟最佳条件对标样和水样进行分析，结果准确，方法实用。     

水中总氮快速测定实验方法研究

针对现行总氮标准测定方法存在的操作繁琐、耗时长等缺点,采用COD消解加热器消解代替原标准方法中的高温高压消解步骤,以简化实验步骤、缩短用时,建立快速测定水中总氮的分析方法.通过对本方法进行平行实验、加标回收实验以及与标准方法的对比实验等分析实验结果,方法的线性范围为0 ～ 4.00 mg/L,平均加标回收率是102.3％,标样平行实验的相对标准偏差是1.05％,准确度、精确度和回收率均达到标准要求,方法具有一定的推广价值.     

Water Environmental Degradation of the Heihe River Basin in Arid Northwestern China

Water environmental degradation is a major issue in the Heihe River Basin belonging to the inland river basin of temperate arid zone in northwestern China. Mankind’s activities, such as dense population and heavy dependence on irrigated agriculture, place immense pressure on available and limited water resources during the last century, especially the recent five decades. An investigation on the water environmental degradation in the Heihe River Basin and analysis of its causation were conducted. The results indicated that water environmental changes in the whole basin were tremendous mostly in the middle reaches, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Some new forms of management based on traditional and scientific knowledge must be introduced to solve problems of water environmental degradation in the Heihe River Basin.