环境中铬污染的生态效应及其防治

从生态效应的角度介绍了重金属铬在环境中的迁移、转化规律，重点论及了铬污染对人体健康厦水生生物等其他生物的影响、对水体自净作用的影响，指出Cr^6＋的生态效应远比Cr^3＋大的多。目前治理含铬工业废水和受铬污染土壤几种有效方法，旨在引起人们对环境中铬污染的生态效应产生足够的重视和防范。     

水体中双氯芬酸的分布与生态效应研究

双氯芬酸作为消炎类药物,在国内外被广泛使用。作为新兴污染物,双氯芬酸在水体环境中经常被检出,对生态安全及人类健康存在潜在威胁。本文总结了双氯芬酸的水体分布、在水生生物体内的富集效应及代谢,并阐述了双氯芬酸的生物毒理效应。在综述双氯芬酸现有研究成果基础上,提出了双氯芬酸的主要研究方向。     

我国天然水体中环境雌激素的污染现状及其生态效应研究进展

作为一种新兴的环境污染物,环境中的雌激素存在于各种介质中,并且已经被证实对生物存在危害。结合国内外的研究成果,综述了不同种类的环境雌激素在我国天然水体中污染现状以及环境雌激素对人类、水生生物和微生物的生态效应。在此基础上,对我国未来开展环境雌激素相关研究和如何应对环境雌激素污染问题进行了展望。     

疏浚底泥生态毒理性风险分析方法的研究进展

疏浚底泥土地利用应该尽可能避免对施用土壤、周围地表水及地下水的污染,通过生物聚积试验和急性、亚急性毒性试验考查底泥对水及土壤中生物、植物发芽生长的影响,通过渗滤试验评价其对地下水层的污染。疏浚底泥土地利用前,其生态毒理性风险分析的方法包括风险简化评价和风险详细评价。通常简化评价方法用于估计底泥土地利用对生态系统影响程度;详细评价法进一步通过生物毒性试验和柱状渗滤试验来确定其生态毒理性影响,界定其风险特性。     

水体有机污染物的生态效应及其化学监测技术现状与展望

通过对水体有机污染定义、来源及有机污染物主要类型的介绍和说明,分析了有机污染物的生态效应——水体污染、生物富集及其毒理效应,综述了水体有机污染物的化学监测技术尤其是有机分析前处理技术的现状,并对有机污染物的研究和监测技术作出肯定,同时展望了水体有机污染物监测技术的研究趋向。     

渤海湾滨海湿地土壤微生物实验室简介

正渤海湾滨海湿地土壤微生物实验室以渤海湿地"水体-土壤-生物"生态环境系统为主体研究对象,围绕该环境中污染物在环境介质中的迁移、蓄积、代谢和转化过程,借助现代分析表征手段和方法,研究污染物的环境化学行为和生态毒理效应,以及土壤微生物在转化过程中的响应及作用。实验室依托国家自然科学基金(项目编号:41201244)及河北环境工程学院实验中心,以研究污染物在海洋-河流-土壤-生物等介质间的传输和转化途径及由此导致的生态环境危害机制为主要研究内容,研究方向和相关内容如下:(一)滨海湿地系统中土壤微生物的环境生物化学     

环境化学课程多种授课模式改革及成效

<正>针对环境科学专业学生学习的情况,对《环境化学》课程进行改革研究,通过多种授课模式改革,提高学生的学习主动性、发现学生创新潜力、提高学生的学习成绩。《环境化学》是研究化学物质在环境中迁移、转化、降解规律,研究化学物质在环境中的作用的学科~([1]),包括大气环境化学、水环境化学、土壤环境化学、生物体内污染物质的运动过程及毒     

土壤微塑料污染及其分析方法

微塑料作为环境介质中的新型污染物,其对生态系统的影响越来越受到关注。土壤是环境中微塑料的重要蓄积库,结合近些年来国内外关于土壤中微塑料的研究,针对土壤中微塑料的来源、生态效应、分析方法及污染防治进行综述,以便更全面的了解土壤中微塑料污染的现状及其潜在的生态环境风险。塑料包装废弃物、农用地膜破碎、大气沉降是土壤中微塑料的主要来源。微塑料可吸附土壤中的重金属和有机物,作为其他污染物的载体危害生态环境健康,并会随着食物链逐渐富集,从而影响人类健康。土壤中的微塑料可通过筛分干燥后采用密度分离法、加压流体萃取法、石油提取法等进行分离,并通过消解去除土壤中的有机质。土壤中微塑料的识别与表征可采用目检法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法、扫描电镜法等。此外,根据土壤微塑料的生态效应提出污染治理措施与未来研究方向展望。     

应用聚丙烯酰胺的环境与生态行为研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在油田中的大量使用,其环境和生态行为及降解产物对环境的潜在危害,都亟待去研究。本文分析论述了其物理、化学性质及化学降解、机械降解、热降解、生物降解性,及影响其在土壤中的被吸附的因素和生态毒理学研究,提出有待进一步研究的课题为:PAM在油藏条件下的降解机理和降解速度;PAM及其衍生物在环境中的存在形式及其迁移转化的方式,在生物体内的存在形式及其在生物圈内的迁移转化等。     

饮用水中高氯酸盐污染现状与去除技术的综述

高氯酸盐作为强氧化剂,在广泛的应用中造成了严重的环境污染,并会在人体富集,当在人体内含量超过0．0007mg／kg人体体重,相当于饮用水中的浓度为24．5μg／L时,就会对健康造成影响,尤其会破环甲状腺机能。美国、日本等国已开始采取措施加强对高氯酸盐的控制,我国许多水源也受到此污染但尚未引起重视。本文分析了饮用水中高氯酸盐的物理化学性质及毒理特性,对环境的污染状况以及目前常用的去除技术,其中以生物处理和离子交换膜生物反应器较为有效。     

Design,management, and key accomplishments of a coordinated environmental research program on acidic deposition

The present and potential adverse effects of the atmospheric input of acidic and acidifying substances on the environment have been of significant public and scientific concern for the past several decades. This article describes the background, design, implementation, and major accomplishments of a 6-yr integrated multidisciplinary environmental research program designed to address the issue of the regional scale consequences of acidic deposition on the environment and human health in Alberta. The research program was called the Acid Deposition Research Program (ADRP) and was a cooperative undertaking between industry, the Energy Resources Conservation Board, and the government of Alberta, Canada. The research effort was designed and guided by two external science advisory boards, biophysical and human health, to maintain objectivity and continuity from beginning to end. Public input was sought, encouraged, and ensured by a public advisory board. The major conclusions of the ADRP are presented as well as observations on the needs of future integrated multidisciplinary research programs.     

Pictorial intervention in a pediatric hospital environment: Effects on parental affective perception of the unit

In recent decades, research on health care design and planning has highlighted the strong relationship between environmental characteristics and human health. According to a patient-centered model, the focus on the hospital environment is important in reducing the negative effects of hospitalization on the patient, especially in the case of children.     

制冷设备对人体舒适温度影响的研究

舒适的环境温度对人的工作学习有重要影响,本文将选取校园内研究生实验室作为研究环境,通过空调控制室内温度及湿度,以男女学生为研究对象通过问卷调查法研究人体热感觉舒适温度及对应湿度,由研究数据分析结果得出夏季炎热室内人体舒适温度为24℃,对应的人体舒适相对湿度为50%,舒适温度刚好处于人体常温37℃的黄金分割处。室内温度、湿度与人体舒适满意度关系可近似为二阶函数曲线。分析数据及结果对研究实验室、办公室等工作场所在炎热夏季的温度和湿度设置有理论指导意义;通过对比不同人群的人体舒适温度和湿度对研究身体健康状况有理论参考价值。     

WATER AND HEALTH - ARE WE CONCERNED ENOUGH?1

From a historical point of view, man's concern about the health and protection of water supply is the history of the dramatic reduction in acute communicable diseases due to water-borne micro-organisms. Now that these have been essentially eliminated, there has been a great reduction in concern by scientists and the medical profession with the health aspects of contaminated water. This, in spite of the fact that many concerned people and national advisory groups have reminded us that an increasing number of possible chemical and other hazards find their way into our water supplies and expose human populations to contaminants at low concentration levels without reliable knowledge as to their health effects. Too little research is being done on the health effects of chemicals, pesticides, and viruses. The fact that large populations are being exposed to these possible hazards raises legal and public policy questions. Persons who are largely ignorant of the possible harm of these substances are being exposed to them without consent. Often low level exposure to environmental contaminants is not known or not discovered until considerable time has passed. This raises the question concerning the burden which should be imposed on industry and others who introduce new substances in the environment. The best approach in solving this problem is to prohibit the new substance from being introduced into the environment until it has been shown by reliable studies that even low level exposure is not likely to harm human health.     

New view of environmental health: Toward an environmental research policy for international strategies

We are witnessing a growing concern with the global dimension of many environmental issues, reflected in the increase in the number and significance of international environmental organizations. Yet there is no internationally applicable strategy for environmental research which is management oriented. A new type of research policy, which integrates ideas derived from environmental and human ecology, is required in order to deal with cultural and ecological diversity and their interactions as reflected in the ecology of landscapes. The newly defined concept of environmental health is proposed to fill this gap. This concept integrates the latest developments in landscape evolutionary ecology and environmental health, bringing out a conflict between making the environment conducive to human health and increasing the available options for supporting the essential biological and ecological processes of the environment. Lessons derived from the evolution of human environments are used in order to illustrate how health may become un umbrella for developing an environmental research policy, which could also serve as a catalyst for international environmental projects.     

Managing agricultural emissions to the atmosphere: state of the science, fate and mitigation, and identifying research gaps

The impact of agriculture on regional air quality creates significant challenges to sustainability of food supplies and to the quality of national resources. Agricultural emissions to the atmosphere can lead to many nuisances, such as smog, haze, or offensive odors. They can also create more serious effects on human or environmental health, such as those posed by pesticides and other toxic industrial pollutants. It is recognized that deterioration of the atmosphere is undesirable, but the short- and long-term impacts of specific agricultural activities on air quality are not well known or understood. These concerns led to the organization of the 2009 American Chemical Society Symposium titled . An outcome of this symposium is this special collection of 14 research papers focusing on various issues associated with production agriculture and its effect on air quality. Topics included emissions from animal feeding operations, odors, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, mitigation, modeling, and risk assessment. These papers provide new research insights, identify gaps in current knowledge, and recommend important future research directions. As the scientific community gains a better understanding of the relationships between anthropogenic activities and their effects on environmental systems, technological advances should enable a reduction in adverse consequences on the environment.     

典型广谱抗生素的污染现状和处理技术研究进展

典型广谱抗生素是一类对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在威胁的新型污染物,其污染现状及相关处理技术受到国内外越来越多的关注。本文概述了典型广谱抗生素在环境中的污染现状,并介绍了几种针对低浓度抗生素污染原水的处理技术,包括离子交换、吸附法、膜滤法及化学氧化法等,为微污染水源中抗生素的处理提出进一步可能的研究方向。     

全球变暖对人类健康的影响与对策研究

全球变暖是当前人类所面临的一个非常严重的环境问题。全球变暖等环境问题的产生是与人类的各种活动息息相关的，环境的恶化必将给人类的健康带来严重的后果。本文吸收了较新的科学发现对全球变暖成因进行了阐述；综合该领域近年的研究进展，将全球变暖对人类健康的影响纳为三个方面，并作了比较详尽的分析；从多个方面探讨了应对策略。