预处理方法对剩余活性污泥水解影响的比较研究

污泥预处理对污泥水解有较大促进作用,可以明显改善污泥的脱水、厌氧消化性能及其减量化。本文通过比较4种预处理方法加热、加碱、微波、超声波对剩余活性污泥水解性能的影响,探索效率高、成本低的污泥预处理技术。研究结果显示,加热、加碱对污泥水解的促进作用要明显高于微波、超声波预处理,其中加碱预处理的水解效率最高,处理后污泥的SCOD浓度最大提高了16.8倍,而SS、VSS最多分别减少了34%和41%。     

剩余污泥预处理技术研究进展

剩余污泥预处理技术能有效破坏剩余污泥的稳定结构,最大限度地挖掘剩余污泥中的能源与资源,从而提升剩余污泥的厌氧消化效率.剩余污泥预处理技术包括机械法、化学法、生物法以及组合法,机械法操作简单但初期成本投入较高,化学法效果显著但需要考虑副产物的影响,生物法无二次污染但经济成本较高.对剩余污泥预处理技术的研究方向提出了建议.     

低温热水解提高污泥厌氧消化性能的研究

先将剩余污泥进行低温热水解预处理,其后测定生物化学甲烷势(BMP)来研究热水解对剩余污泥厌氧消化性能的影响。结果表明:污水厂剩余污泥经低温热水解处理可使污泥固体溶解和水解,从而提高剩余污泥厌氧消化性能。最适宜的热水解条件为70℃,24 h,此时剩余污泥TCOD去除率由18%提高到30%,热水解处理后沼气产量提高63%。     

碱解处理对剩余污泥融胞效果及厌氧消化产气效果

主要研究了碱解处理的pH值对剩余污泥的融胞效果及厌氧消化产气效果的影响.通过观测碱处理污泥上清液中的SCOD以及溶解性蛋白质,发现两者变化规律相似,其融胞效果随pH值的升高,即碱投加量的增加而增加.此外随着pH值的升高,VS的去除率随之增加.当pH为11时,48h VS去除率可达将近22%.碱解处理后污泥的后续厌氧消化的特性可得到明显改善.碱解处理调节pH值分别为pH9、pH10、pH11的污泥进行厌氧消化30d总甲烷产量与未经碱解处理的污泥相比较,总甲烷产量分别提高了8%、23%、41%.其中经碱解处理至pH值为11的污泥的COD去除率为32%.     

市政污泥分级分相厌氧消化技术

<正>由中持水务股份有限公司开发的市政污泥分级分相厌氧消化技术,适用于含水量约80%的污泥处置。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用高温水解酸化、中温甲烷化分级分相两级反应系统,提高污泥可生化性,破解了污泥厌氧消化的限速步骤。厌氧消化时间比单级单相厌氧消化缩短30%,污泥有机物降解率大于50%,沼气产率提高35%。     

德国污水处理考虑减排的工程实例及思考

探讨污水处理系统脱氮和污泥消化中的减排潜力,即开发污泥碳源和能源。本文所列举的德国工程实例说明污泥裂解技术可以大幅改善污水处理系统的碳排放特性,并且通过污泥厌氧消化实现能源自给。     

污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾厌氧/混合厌氧消化研究进展

本文主要对国内外城市污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾混合厌氧消化的研究进行了综述,介绍了厌氧消化技术在污水厂污泥和厨余垃圾处理处置中的应用,对两种废物单独厌氧消化和混合厌氧消化技术进行了比较,分析了城市污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾混合厌氧消化的可行性以及工艺参数对混合厌氧消化的影响,并对城市污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾的混合厌氧消化技术的研究和应用提出了展望。     

餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合高温厌氧消化产沼气研究

为探索餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合高温厌氧消化的可行性。在一个50m~3的CSTR反应器模拟实际工程运行条件,结果表明,当水力停留时间20d以上,餐厨和污泥比例为4∶1时,沼气产量和甲烷浓度相比单纯餐厨垃圾厌氧消化分别提高了34.2%和8.1%,硫化氢浓度降低了65%。通过餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合厌氧,既提高了反应器的稳定性和处理能力,又增加了沼气产出与品质,是城市有机固废协同处理的新途径。     

水热处理温度对污泥中碳、氮、磷溶出的影响

为了提高污泥中有机物和无机物的溶出率,改善污泥的厌氧消化效果,研究了水热温度对污泥中碳、氮、磷溶出的影响。结果表明:水热预处理加速了污泥固体有机物的溶出和水解,提高了污泥中碳、氮、磷的溶出效率。在水热温度为200℃的条件下,可溶性化学需氧量(SCOD)提高了168.76%,氨氮和总氮达到最大溶出率。污泥经过厌氧消化后,污泥中磷酸根和总磷的含量明显降低。     

污泥与餐厨垃圾联合厌氧技术的研究及应用

对国内外城市污水污泥与餐厨垃圾混合厌氧消化的研究进行了综述,介绍了厌氧消化技术在以上两种废弃物处理处置中的不足,提出了污水污泥与餐厨垃圾联合厌氧消化的可行性,分析了该技术的研究及应用现状,并对未来的研究热点及方向进行了展望。     

Modelling anaerobic biofilm reactors--a review

Anaerobic treatment has become a technically as well as economically feasible option for treatment of liquid effluents after the development of reactors such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, anaerobic biofilter and anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). Considerable effort has gone into developing mathematical models for these reactors in order to optimize their design, design the process control systems used in their operation and enhance their operational efficiency. This article presents a critical review of the different mathematical models available for these reactors. The unified anaerobic digestion model (ADM1) and its application to anaerobic biofilm reactors are also outlined.     

国内外油田含油污泥处理技术

通过对国内外各种含油污泥处理工艺技术的调查分析和对比,提出了适合国内实际的含油污泥处理技术方案。以离心分离技术为核心,辅之以调质、倾析等多种预处理技术和高温裂解、生物处理等后续处理技术的污泥综合处理工艺,适于我国现阶段的含油污泥处理。     

数学模拟在污水处理厂节能减排中的应用和发展

在国内外节能减排的大背景下,污水处理厂面临着巨大的提标改造和节能减排压力。基于活性污泥数学模型的数学模拟技术在国内外许多污水处理厂的模拟仿真、运行诊断与工艺优化、升级评估、节能减排等方面得到广泛的应用,文章主要介绍了数学模拟技术在污水处理厂节能减排方面的发展和应用情况,并提出今后国内的主要研究方向。     

Enhancement of biomethane production from cattle manure with codigestion of dilute acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass

It is well known that dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of the lignicellulosisc biomass is an effective approach used for the production of the ethanol. However, there are less studies on the biogas production from the pretreated lignocellulosics and hardly data available on the codigestion of cattle manure with the pretreated lignocellulosisc material. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomethane production potential of codigestion of cattle manure with dilute acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Sugarcane bagasse and rice husk was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid at 121°C for 20 minutes and subsequently subjected to anaerobic digestion alone or codigested with cattle manure.

The results showed that codigestion of 1% phosphoric acid pretreated rice husk with cattle manure led to the highest methane production of 115 Nmlg^?1VS while monodigestion of cattle manure and phosphoric acid pretreated rice husk produced 98 and 87 Nmlg^?1VS, respectively. An inhibition was observed in anaerobic digestion of sulfuric acid pretreated rice husk and sugarcane bagasse during monodigestion and codigestion with cattle manure.

The study concludes that dilute phosphoric acid pretreated lignocellulosics like sugarcane bagasse and rice husk can be used as a cosubstrate with cattle manure in anaerobic digestion for enhanced methane production. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, which is effective method for the bioethanol production, causes inhibition during anaerobic digestion of the pretreated lignocellulosics.     

污泥高固体厌氧消化研究进展

厌氧消化是实现污泥的减量化、稳定化和资源化的重要手段,相对于传统的低浓度污泥厌氧消化工艺高固体污泥厌氧消化可以直接利用污水处理厂排放的脱水污泥,具有设施体积小、单位容积产气率较高和水耗及能耗较低等优势。本文综述了近年来污泥高固体消化的研究进展,从污泥高固体厌氧消化的基本特征出发,总结了污泥高固体厌氧消化的影响因素和对反应器的要求;同时对污泥高固体消化存在的搅拌不匀、传质传热困难、有机质降解率偏低、搅拌系统不成熟等问题作了简要分析,这些问题都还有待于深入研究解决。     

生物技术处理稠油废水的研究

试验分别利用三种生物处理方法：好氧、厌氧及酵母菌处理方法对稠油废水进行了处理。COD去除率在30%以下。在处理过程中,好氧污泥生物量表现出明显的增长。厌氧污泥及酵母菌在处理前后生物量几乎无变化。处理效果不明显与稠油废水可生化性差的性质有关,也与试验条件及选择菌种有关。     

An overview on biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of food waste

Food waste is an inevitable type of waste in every city, and its treatment technology evolves with time. Due to the high organic content and high biodegradability of food waste, anaerobic digestion becomes a commonly accepted treatment method to deal with it. This review article summarizes key factors for anaerobic digestion and provides useful information for successful anaerobic digestions. Reasonable temperature and pH are essential for a successful and productive anaerobic digestion process. A good inoculum to substrate ratio triggers a profitable food waste digestion. Good mixing and small particle sizes are important factors too. In addition, the pros and cons of different reactors to food waste digestion are highlighted. Moreover, co-digestion of food waste with animal manures, sewage sludge, and green waste were introduced.     

Precipitation assessment in wastewater treatment plants operated for biological nutrient removal: a case study in Murcia, Spain

The Murcia Este Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest wastewater treatment plant in Murcia (Spain). The plant operators have continuously found pipe blockage and accumulation of solids on equipment surfaces during the anaerobic digestion and post-digestion processes. This work studies the precipitation problems in the Murcia Este Wastewater Treatment Plant in order to locate the sources of precipitation and its causes from an exhaustive mass balance analysis. The DAF thickener and anaerobic digester mass balances suggest that most of the polyphosphate is released during excess sludge thickening. Despite the high concentrations achieved in the thickened sludge, precipitation does not occur at this point due to the low pH. The increases in ammonium and pH during anaerobic digestion cause precipitation to take place mainly inside the digesters and in downstream processes. This study shows that 50.7% of the available phosphate is fixed in the digester of which 52.0% precipitates as ammonium struvite, 39.2% precipitates as hydroxyapatite and the remaining 8.8% is adsorbed on the surface of the solids. Thermodynamic calculations confirm the precipitation of struvite and hydroxyapatite and also confirm that potassium struvite does not precipitate in the anaerobic digesters.     

Sustainable options of post treatment of UASB effluent treating sewage: A review

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process is reported to be a sustainable technology for domestic wastewaters treatment in developing countries and for small communities. However, the inability of UASB process to meet the desired disposal standards has given enough impetus for subsequent post treatment. In order to upgrade the UASB based sewage treatment plants (STPs) to achieve desired effluent quality for disposal or for reuse, various technological options are available and broadly differentiated as primary post-treatment for the removal of organic and inorganic compounds and suspended matter; secondary post-treatment for the removal of hardly degradable soluble matter, colloidal and nutrients; and polishing systems for removals of pathogens. Hence, this paper discusses the different systems for the treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating sewage. Additionally, a comparative review, an economic evaluation of some of the emerging options was conducted and based on the extensive review of different integrated combination, i.e. UASB-different aerobic systems, a treatment concept based on natural biological mineralization route recognized as an advanced technology to meet all practical aspects to make it a sustainable for environmental protection, resource preservation and recovering maximum resources.