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生产测井使用的密封源具有较强电离辐射,对放射性操作人员具有较大的伤害性。文章在对放射性密封源进行风险评估的基础上,通过计算密封源存储过程中操作人员所受的辐射与距离、时间的关系,提出了减少操作人员照射剂量当量的有效辐射防护措施为:利用距离、时间、屏蔽防护方法,降低操作人员照射剂量;改善放射源存储条件,从本质上保证放射安全;加强放射源监管,增强安全防范意识;建立和完善各项放射性管理规章制度。 相似文献
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随着社会的发展,许多城市竞相上马“不夜城”亮化工程,一幢幢流光溢彩、斑斓耀眼的高楼大厦拔地而起;信息社会里,各种家电、办公自动化以及移动通讯设备大量使用,信号发射塔台等装置如城市中的丛林;科技越来越发达,放射源被广泛运用……人类在享受这些高科技的同时或许并没有注意到,这些无形、无味、无色的光污染、电磁辐射污染、放射源辐射污染正不同程度地危害着人们的健康。 相似文献
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随着社会的发展,许多城市竞相上马“不夜城”亮化工程,一幢幢流光溢彩、斑斓耀眼的高楼大厦拔地而起;信息社会里,各种家电、办公自动化以及移动通讯设备大量使用,信号发射塔台等装置如城市中的丛林;科技越来越发达,放射源被广泛运用……人类在享受这些高科技的同时或许并没有注意到,这些无形、无味、无色的光污染、电磁辐射污染、放射源辐射污染正不同程度地危害着人们的健康。 相似文献
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随着社会的发展,许多城市竞相上马“不夜城”亮化工程,一幢幢流光溢彩、斑斓耀眼的高楼大厦拔地而起;信息社会里,各种家电、办公自动化以及移动通讯设备大量使用,信号发射塔台等装置如城市中的丛林;科技越来越发达,放射源被广泛运用……人类在享受这些高科技的同时或许并没有注意到,这些无形、无味、无色的光污染、电磁辐射污染、放射源辐射污染正不同程度地危害着人们的健康。 相似文献
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燃煤电厂对环境与人群所产生的辐射影响早已引起了国内外学者的关注。本文通过对四川省境内重庆、河门口、江油等燃煤电厂烟尘中天然放射性水平的分析,估算出由烟尘沉降所造成周围土壤中天然放射性本底的年增加量不到0.1%,这说明由烟尘沉降每年对土壤所产生的辐射影响是较小的;然而由于沉降的放射性在相当长的时期内存在于土壤的表层,因此随电厂运转时间的增加,其所产生的辐射影响就必须引起重视了;本文通过对电厂周围表层与深层土中天然放射性水平的比较与分析说明,燃煤电厂的长期运转有可能使周围表层土壤中天然放射性本底增加。 相似文献
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近年来,随着社会经济的发展,居民生活不断提高,对居室进行美化装修既成一种时尚。然而由安装(选用劣质材料)而引发的居室辐射水平超标,特别是氡辐射超标问题,已越来越受到人们的关注。为使人们对辐射环境有一基本认识和了解,作者根据多年从事辐射环境监测的经验,对环境空气中氡的性质、来源、辐射水平、危害及室内氡浓度控制措施作一简单分析介绍。 相似文献
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通过系统的监测了解吉林地区采油厂原油含水率分析仪的工作场所放射防护现状,为放射源监督管理部门提供参考依据,为保护环境、保护放射工作人员职业健康提供重要保障,为采油厂对辐射装置管理及措施提供依据。采用国家规定的标准方法对吉林省不同工作环境下的5家采油厂的45台原油含水率分析仪的周围剂量当量进行现场监测,对涉及接触原油含水率分析仪的4种不同岗位工作人员进行年有效剂量估算,对接触原油含水率分析仪的202名工作人员进行个人剂量监测。结果表明,原油含水率分析仪的工作场所周围剂量当量及人员受照剂量均满足国家标准要求,剂量分布较均匀,外输岗年有效剂量较小,集输岗年有效剂量较高。吉林省采油厂原油含水率分析仪在正常运行情况下,工作场所基本不会对工作人员造成职业照射,辐射防护状况良好,放射工作人员年有效剂量值均在国家规定限值范围内。 相似文献
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放射性测井对环境和个人辐射剂量监测数据表明:个人受辐射伤害最大的是保管员,其次是仪器修理人员,然后是农民轮换工、司机、绞车工、操作工、主管领导、井口工人。保管员、仪器修理工、司机遭受辐射的剂量比较大,而在一线现场操作人员的个人辐射剂量水平反而都比较低,说明现场的个人防护措施得当。经过分析,确定了放射性测井施工中各岗位的安全操作时间,并针对个人防护存在的问题,提出了相应的改进措施和建议。 相似文献
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Inhaber H 《Environmental management》2001,28(4):505-517
The Nevada Test Site (NTS), north of Las Vegas, was the scene of hundreds of nuclear weapons tests over four decades, both
above- and belowground. There is considerable interest, both in neighboring communities and elsewhere, in the risks it poses.
Overall, the greatest risks are nonradioactive in origin, with occupational risks to employees and accident risks in transporting
low-level nuclear wastes to the NTS from other Department of Energy (DOE) sites ranking highest. For radiation risks, that
to workers handling radioactive materials is much higher than that to the surrounding population, either present or future.
Overall, annual risks are small, with all fatalities approximately 0.008% of total Nevada deaths. At the NTS, the government
spends about 5000 times more on radiation as opposed to nonradiation deaths. This suggests that at least some resources may
be misallocated towards cleanup of public risks and that the occupational risk of cleanup may be much higher than the public
risk. Thus risk may be multiplied by well-meaning programs. 相似文献
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核技术利用辐射安全监管法律法规解读 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着核技术日益广泛的利用,我国放射性同位素和射线装置技术的应用发展迅速,它在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也带来了辐射危害,安全隐患突出,安全监管任务重。本文就与核技术利用辐射安全监管有关的问题进行法律法规解读,以提高辐射安全监管依法行政能力。 相似文献
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Cindy Sage 《The Environmentalist》2012,32(2):144-156
The meltdown and release of radioactivity (ionizing radiation) from four damaged nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Nuclear
Facility in Japan in March 2011 continues to contaminate air and ocean water even 1 year later. Chronic exposure to low-dose
ionizing radiation will occur over large populations well into the future. This has caused grave concern among researchers
and the public over the very long period of time expected for decommissioning alone (current estimate from official sources
is 30–40 years based on TEPCO in Mid-and long-term roadmap towards the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
units 1–4, 2011) and the presumed adverse effects of chronic, low-dose ionizing radiation on children, adults and the environment. Ultimately,
radioactive materials from Fukushima will circulate for many years, making health impacts a predictable concern for many generations
(Yasunari et al. in PNAS 108(49):19530–19534, 2011). There is long-standing scientific evidence to suggest that low-dose ionizing radiation (LD-IR) and low-intensity non-ionizing
electromagnetic radiation (LI-NIER) in the form of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation
(RFR) share similar biological effects. Public health implications are significant for reconstruction efforts to rebuild in
post-Fukushima Japan. It is relevant to identify and reduce exposure pathways for chronic, low-dose ionizing radiation in
post-Fukushima Japan given current scientific knowledge. Intentional planning, rather than conventional planning, is needed
to reduce concomitant chronic low-intensity exposure to non-ionizing radiation. These are reasonably well-established risks
to health in the scientific literature, as evidenced by their classification by World Health Organization International Agency
for Research on Cancer as Possible Human Carcinogens. Reducing preventable, adverse health exposures in the newly rebuilt
environment to both LD-IR and LI-NIER is an achievable goal for Japan. Recovery and reconstruction efforts in Japan to restore
the communications and energy infrastructure, in particular, should pursue strategies for reduction and/or prevention of both
kinds of exposures. The design life of buildings replaced today is probably 35–50 years into the future. Cumulative health
risks may be somewhat mitigated if the double exposure (to both chronic low-dose IR from the Fukushima reactors and LI-NIER
[EMF and RFR] in new buildings and infrastructure) can be dealt with effectively in early planning and design in Japan’s reconstruction. 相似文献
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通过对省内医用电子直线加速器辐射环境监测,对比不同等级医院医用电子直线加速器辐射防护水平的差异,为放射治疗工作正常开展提供放射防护数据参考,确保放射工作人员、受检者及公众健康安全。按照标准方法采用辐射剂量仪AT1123及中子周围剂量当量仪BH3105E对加速器治疗室周围环境进行光子及中子的监测,采用热释光法对放疗科放射工作人员进行个人剂量监测。监测的24台医用电子直线加速器治疗室辐射防护剂量值低于国家标准要求,放疗科的417名放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果处于国家标准要求的较低水平,三级医院的加速器治疗室辐射防护要略好于二级医院的加速器治疗室辐射防护。该省加速器辐射防护监测结果符合国家标准规定的相关要求,对职业工作人员和公众是安全的,对周围环境影响较小。 相似文献