钒钛磁铁矿尾矿库周边农用土壤重金属污染诊断

通过对钒钛磁铁矿尾矿库周边农用土壤的采样调查,测定了6种重金属(Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、Hg、As)的含量,并采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法探讨了研究区土壤重金属的污染程度。结果表明:研究区土壤中的重金属含量均未超过GB15618-2018风险筛选值,但Cr、Ni、Cd、Hg等重金属平均值高于四川省土壤环境背景值;评价显示土壤中各采样点的重金属单因子污染指数均小于1,内梅罗污染指数均小于0.7,说明各监测区域土壤环境质量处于清洁水平;从潜在生态风险指数评价结果来看,尾矿库周边农用地各重金属潜在生态风险程度强弱顺序为Hg>Cd>As>Ni>Pb>Cr,研究区整体处于中等生态危害。     

江安县红桥镇典型煤矿周边农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

为了详细查明江安县红桥镇极具代表性的煤矿周边农田土壤的环境现状,选择107份土壤监测样品以及10份背景样品来测试其重金属含量以及pH值。经过分析测定后,针对农田土壤以我国GB 15618-2018中规定的土壤筛选值为评价标准值,采用单因子以及内梅罗综合污染指数法来评价其污染现状,同时也充分结合潜在生态风险指数法来全面评价其生态风险。结果表明,农田土壤中8种重金属平均值均高于土壤背景值,存在一定程度的富集现象且累积程度最为突出的元素为Cd、Hg;靠近煤矿这一侧农田土壤中重金属含量较高于另一侧;从污染评价结果来看,按照由高到低的次序重金属单因子污染指数的排列顺序为Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn、As、Pb、Hg;清洁、尚清洁、轻度污染、中度污染、重度污染的土壤占比分别为27.10%、11.22%、27.10%、14.02%、20.56%;从生态风险评价结果来看,存在生态风险的元素为Cd,其他元素则主要体现为了低危害特征。     

杭州市临安区农田土壤重金属污染调查与评价

对杭州市临安区农田土壤采用蛇形随机布点法采集63个土壤混合样,对土壤重金属现状进行调查与评价。利用内梅罗综合污染指数法及潜在生态危害指数法对该区域农田土壤重金属的污染程度与潜在的生态危害进行评价。结果表明:研究区域内Hg、As、Cu、Cd变异系数较大,可能存在人为影响。从单因子污染指数数据分析,土壤中重金属Hg超标最为严重、其次是As、Cu;內梅罗综合污染指数评价显示,研究区域内大部分土壤污染水平属于尚清洁以上,小部分土壤重金属呈现不同程度污染,主要是由于Hg、As、Cu污染导致。单个元素潜在生态危害指数评价显示,Hg表现为较强风险,其他元素均呈现较低风险,单个元素潜在生态危害指数均值依次为Hg Cd As Cu Ni Pb Cr Zn;多种重金属综合潜在危害指数总体上为轻微风险,极小部分为中等风险,主要由于Hg污染。研究区域部分地区出现单个金属总量出现超过风险筛选值且低于风险管控值,下一步应加强对该土壤及农产品的协同监测。     

泸州市蔬菜种植地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

为了解泸州市蔬菜种植地土壤重金属的污染状况,分析了泸州市蔬菜地土壤中的p H值、有机质以及重金属(Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu)含量,并用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法、地积累指数法以及潜在生态危害指数法对该地区土壤重金属污染状况以及生态风险进行评价。结果表明,该地区土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu的平均含量水平未超过四川土壤背景值土壤。利用农业行业标准(NY/T391-2000)中土壤污染元素的浓度限值进行评价,泸州市蔬菜种植地土壤重金属均未超标。地积累指数及潜在生态危害综合指数评价结果表明,泸州市蔬菜种植地土壤中重金属污染处于轻微污染或无污染以及轻微的潜在生态风险水平,Cd的潜在生态危害系数最高,贡献最大。     

四川马边某磷矿区土壤重金属特征及形态分析

为研究四川马边某磷矿区土壤重金属分布状况及特征,采集矿区土壤样品,用ICP-MS测定了重金属As、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr的含量及其形态,并用潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明,研究区土壤重金属中的Cd和Pb含量高于四川土壤背景值的10.00、7.14倍,高于全国土壤背景值8.14、8.48倍,其余元素均略高于各背景值,经相关性分析,As、Zn、Cd 3种重金属具有同源性。形态分析显示,Cd的形态分布以可还原态为主,易迁移释放,其余元素均以残渣态为主,Pb除残渣态外,可还原态与可氧化态占一定比例,具有一定的潜在风险。潜在生态危害指数法分析表明,重金属的单一潜在生态危害程度Er^i顺序为Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Zn,各样点重金属潜在生态危害指数RI平均值为378.87,属于强生态危害,其中又以Cd贡献率最大,为78%。     

四川石棉工业园区周边土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价研究

为了解工业园区周边土壤重金属污染状况,选取园区周边12个采样点,测定土壤样品中重金属含量,采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险对土壤重金属污染现状进行了评价。结果显示,园区周边土壤重金属平均含量高于背景值(除Cu和Ni),Hg、Pb、Zn最多超出背景值4.040、3.005、3.900倍。部分点位Pb和Zn含量超超过国家土壤环境质量标准限值。地累积指数法表明,园区Hg、Pb、Zn的多数点位介于中度污染和重度污染水平之间,部分点位处于重度以上污染水平,其余重金属多为中度及以下污染水平。潜在生态风险评价表明,单个金属生态风险程度为:HgCdPbAsZnNiCuCr。由于Hg和Cd元素的毒性系数较大,潜在的生态危害的可能也较大,其余6种重金属均处于轻微低风险级别。整体的潜在生态风险来看,工业园区周边土壤多数处于中等风险级别状态。可见,工业园区周边土壤整体状况较差,存在中等的潜在生态危害。     

广西贵港柑桔产区土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

以广西贵港柑桔产区土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤中As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Sc、Pb、Zn 8种重金属含量及污染特征,基于农用地土壤污染评价标准(GB15618-2018),利用潜在生态危害指数法评价了该产区重金属的综合潜在生态风险。结果表明:Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Pb 7种元素含量均值低于土壤污染风险筛选值,Cd元素含量均值(1. 22mg/kg)高于风险筛选值(0. 3mg/kg)。Pb、Zn元素与Hg、Ni元素各自具有相似的空间分布规律,Cd元素含量有从中心向四周扩散的趋势。Cd元素处于较强的风险水平,很强与极强级别样本所占比例分别为17. 5%和45%。Hg元素中度、强风险级别占比分别为39. 5%、29. 5%,说明该研究区土壤中Cd、Hg元素污染较严重。综合潜在风险指数RI均值为342. 4,属于强生态风险,主要受Cd、Hg元素污染影响。     

重庆市某工业遗留地土壤重金属污染状况分析与评价

为研究土壤重金属的污染状况,从重庆市某铬污染场地土壤中采集54份样本检测分析了其Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb元素含量。结果表明:表层土壤样品中的重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的平均含量分别为3 370.8,58.0,36.1,112.4 mg/kg。该场地土壤属于重度重金属污染,潜在生态危害处于很强危害程度,各重金属的潜在生态风险指数大小顺序为:CrPbCuZn。其中,Cr的影响占绝对主导地位。研究结果可为该废弃场地的治理修复和再利用提供理论依据。     

宝鸡千河底泥营养盐及重金属风险评价

对宝鸡千河河道11个监测点底泥的OM(总有机质)、TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)和重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd)含量进行了监测,评价了该河道底泥营养盐和重金属的潜在生态风险。结果表明:底泥中OM浓度为1.25~8.48g/kg,TN浓度为0.14~1.92g/kg,TP浓度为0.41~1.02g/kg;营养盐污染评价结果表明,该河段底泥有机指数总体上处于清洁水平,但部分监测点有机氮污染相对严重,应注意对外源氮的控制;重金属Pb浓度为15.1~49.1mg/kg,Zn浓度为51.1~171.9 mg/kg,Cr浓度为7.86~43.5 mg/kg,Cd浓度为0.09~0.88 mg/kg,Cu浓度为3.64~19.5mg/kg;底泥中Pb、Zn、Cd的平均含量高于陕西省土壤元素背景值;重金属污染评价结果表明,底泥潜在重金属生态风险指数(RI)平均值为146.1,存在轻微的潜在生态风险水平;底泥中Cd的潜在生态危害风险高,贡献最大。     

玉滩湖表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

为了掌握重庆玉滩湖表层沉积物重金属污染情况,监测了玉滩湖表层沉积物中Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的相对含量,并采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明,玉滩湖表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的平均含量分别为28.41mg/kg、0.75mg/kg、46.04mg/kg、66.98mg/kg、131.55mg/kg,Pb和Cu受人为活动影响较大;重金属污染程度为Cu(轻度)Pb(轻微)Cd(轻微)Zn(轻微)Cr(无污染);有机质含量和重金属Pb、Cd含量显著正相关,是玉滩湖流域重金属污染防治的重点因子;玉滩湖总体的生态风险程度为轻微,重金属单项潜在生态风险程度为Cd(中等)Cu(轻微)Pb(轻微)Zn(轻微)Cr(轻微),Cd是主要的生态风险因子。     

杭州城区河道底泥重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

对杭州城区34条河道45个点位河道底泥进行采样,分析了pH及汞、砷、铅、铬、镉、铜、锌、镍等重金属含量,并进行污染及潜在生态风险评价。结果表明,监测点位的底泥为中性偏碱性,重金属含量分布不均,且范围波动很大,部分河道底泥重金属中汞、铅、镉、铬、锌、镍等有不同程度的超标,少数河道镉、铬、锌污染严重;按《农用污泥中污染物控...     

河流底泥重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价——以湘江株洲段为例

通过对湘江株洲段6个监测断面左右两岸共32个底泥样品重金属Pb,Zn,Cd,As,Hg和Cr质量比进行分析研究,并进行潜在生态风险评价。结果表明：霞湾断面是重金属富集最严重的断面;Cd,Hg和As的含量均超过GB15618—1995三级标准和长沙-湘潭-株洲3市土壤背景值;重金属含量大部分分布特征为右岸高于左岸;从重金属污染的潜在生态风险看,湘江株洲段各监测断面潜在生态风险都很高;各重金属元素对生态风险影响程度从大到小的顺序为：Hg〉Cd〉As〉Pb〉Zn〉Cr。     

西安市生活污水厂污泥中重金属特性及再利用风险评价

通过评价西安市污水厂污泥理化性质、重金属含量和潜在生态风险,探究污泥再利用的可行性.分析了西安市7个具有代表性的生活污水处理厂污泥的基本理化性质和6种重金属(Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd和Zn)在不同时期的含量变化,并对污泥再利用做了可行性评价和潜在风险评价.结果 表明,各污水厂污泥除XA3污水厂Cd未达标外,其余污水...     

Total Contents and Sequential Extraction of Heavy Metals in Soils Irrigated with Wastewater,Akaki, Ethiopia

The Akaki River, laden with untreated wastes from domestic, industrial, and commercial sources, serves as a source of water for irrigating vegetable farms. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of waste-water irrigation on the level of heavy metals and to predict their potential mobility and bioavailability. Zn and V had the highest, whereas Hg the lowest, concentrations observed in the soils. The average contents of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, V, and Hg of both soils; and Pb and Se from Fluvisol surpassed the mean + 2 SD of the corresponding levels reported for their uncontaminated counterparts. Apparently, irrigation with waste water for the last few decades has contributed to the observed higher concentrations of the above elements in the study soils (Vertisol and Fluvisol) when compared to uncontaminated Vertisol and Fluvisol. On the other hand, Vertisol accommodated comparatively higher average levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, etc V, and Cd, whereas high contents of Pb and Se were observed in Fluvisol. Alternatively, comparable levels of Co and Hg were found in either soil. Except for Ni, Cr, and Cd in contaminated Vertisol, heavy metals in the soils were not significantly affected by the depth (0–20 and 30–50 cm). When the same element from the two soils was compared, the levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, V, Cd at 0–20 cm; and Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Zn at 30–50 cm were significantly different. Organic carbon (in both soils), CEC (Fluvisol), and clay (Vertisol) exhibited significant positive correspondences with the total heavy metal levels. Conversely, Se and Hg contents revealed perceptible associations with carbonate and pH. The exchangeable fraction was dominated by Hg and Cd, whereas the carbonate fraction was abounded with Cd, Pb, and Co. conversely, V and Pb displayed strong affinity to reducible fraction, where as Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni dominated the oxidizable fraction. Cr, Hg, Se, and Zn (in both soils) showed preference to the residual fraction. Generally, a considerable proportion of the total levels of many of the heavy metals resided in non residual fractions. The enhanced lability is generally expected to follow the order: Cd > Co > Pb > Cu > Ni > Se > V and Pb > Cd > Co > Cu > Ni > Zn in Vertisol and Fluvisol, respectively. For the similar wastewater application, the soil variables influence the status and the distribution of the associated heavy metals among the different soil fractions in the study soils. Among heavy metals that presented relatively elevated levels and with potential mobility, Co, Cu, Ni (either soil), V (Vertisol), Pb, and Zn (Fluvisol) could pose health threat through their introduction into the food chain in the wastewater irrigated soils.     

Health risk assessment due to heavy metal exposure from commonly consumed fish and vegetables

Contamination of heavy metals in fish and vegetables is regarded as a major crisis globally, with a large share in many developing countries. In Bogra District of Bangladesh, concentrations of six heavy metals, i.e., chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), were evaluated in the most consumed vegetables and fish species. The sampling was conducted during February–March 2012 and August–September 2013. The levels of metals varied between different fish and vegetable species. Elevated concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were observed in vegetable species (Solanum tuberosum, Allium cepa and Daucus carota), and fish species (Anabas testudineus and Heteropneustes fossilis) were higher than the FAO/WHO permissible limits, indicating these three metals might pose risk from the consumption of these vegetable and fish species. The higher concentration of heavy metals in these vegetable species might be due to the higher uptake from soil and sediment ingestion behavior in fish species. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant anthropogenic contributions of Cr, Ni, Cu and Pb in samples as the PCA axis scores were correlated with scores of anthropogenic activities. Target hazard quotients showed that the intakes of Cu, As and Pb through vegetables and fish were higher than the recommended health standards, indicated non-carcinogenic risk. Therefore, intakes of these elements via fish and vegetables for Bangladeshi people are a matter of concern.     

利州区农产品基地土壤重金属污染评价

运用指数法对利州区农产品基地土壤重金属污染进行分析评价,并尝试运用聚类法对重金属进行了聚类分析和污染源推测。从单项污染指数来看,利州区农产品基地8个采样点中所有点元素均不超标。土壤中重金属元素平均单项污染指数由高到低依次为:AsHgCdCuCrPb,其中最高值为As,其值为0.42,可知农产品基地土壤中重金属平均单项污染指数均小于1。从上可以说明该基地的重金属含量受人为影响已在土壤中有所积累,但是总体状况良好。从综合污染指数来看,土壤中重金属平均内梅罗综合污染指数为0.31,其值小于1,属于清洁水平,适合发展有机食品和发展无公害食品生产。聚类分析法得出Pb和Hg的相关系数最大,其值为0.72。说明两者之间具有强正相关性,它们的含量会同时出现增减变化,而Cd和Cu的相关系数为-0.705,说明两者之间是有此消彼长相互抑制的关系。     

河南农田土壤重金属污染状况及其评价

在河南境内取自农田土壤102例表层样品，分析了其中的Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、As等8种重金属元素的含量。结果表明：河南农田土壤中除Cr偶有超出我国《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618—1995）二级标准的土样外，其他项目均不超标，重金属污染由高到低排序为Cr〉Zn〉Ni〉Cd〉Hg〉Cu〉Pb〉As。重金属元素在河南各土壤利用类型中分布规律不明显，按4种主要土壤利用类型考查来看，重金属污染程度大小排序为：果园地〉水田〉菜地〉其他粮田；河南农田土壤综合污染指数总平均为0．981，土壤总体为尚清洁，重金属污染处于警戒水平；河南农田土壤中Cr含量较高的土壤主要是粗骨土与石质土，其天然本底值较高。     

柴窝堡湖表层底泥重金属污染评价

研究了乌鲁木齐市柴窝堡湖表层底泥的重金属含量,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对底泥中的重金属潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均超出乌鲁木齐市土壤背景值。除湖心区外,Cd在5个监测区域中的潜在生态危害均为中等;其它重金属在5个采样点的潜在生态危害均为轻微。各重金属间的相关性分析表明,Zn与Cu,Pb与Cd、Cu呈显著正相关,说明这4种元素污染源可能相同。柴窝堡湖表层底泥受到Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd污染,需采取相应措施防止重金属由底泥进入水相。     

Characteristic levels of heavy metals in soil profiles of automobile mechanic waste dumps in Nigeria

The characteristic levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) of soil profiles of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The concentration of heavy metals decreased with the depth of the profile and lateral distance from the dumpsites. The levels found in this study exceeded background concentrations and limits for agricultural and residential purposes. The distribution pattern of heavy metals in the soil profiles were in the following order Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr. The mechanic waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater.     

Assessment of tropical suburban surface soils contamination from Jengka,Malaysia

Heavy metals in suburban soils pose both indirect and direct health risks. This study assessed the concentrations of Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Jengka (Malaysia) suburban soil and estimated the human health risk. Health risk assessment (HRA) was utilized to assess non-cancer and cancer risks. The concentrations of heavy metals increased in the following order: Cd < Zn < Cr < Pb. The heavy metals were found to be divided into two components using principal component analysis (PCA), with PC1 comprising Pb and Cd and PC2 containing Zn and Cr. PC1 originates from anthropogenic sources, while PC2 is often from mixed anthropogenic and natural sources. Despite having the lowest mean concentration, Cd was enriched based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF). Average hazard index values were below the acceptable threshold (HI < 1) for dermal and inhalation pathways suggesting a low non-cancer risk. Jengka suburban soil had total lifetime cancer risk values slightly higher than the acceptable threshold (1 × 10⁻⁵). Skin contact was the most prominent contributing exposure pathway for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. This study suggests that heavy metal bioactivity levels be used to make a plausible HRA of heavy metal pollution in suburban soils.