Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

填埋垃圾浸提液与地下水污染物组成差异及成因

为揭示垃圾渗滤液污染地下水特征,采用常规分析、三维荧光光谱和多元统计分析,研究了某简易填埋场垃圾浸提液与地下水中无机盐、有机物及重金属的分布特征及成因.结果表明,填埋场垃圾异质性强,浸提液中NH+4-N浓度高,而Cl-、SO2-4、溶解性有机物(DOM)、重金属含量低,强还原氛围导致硝化过程受阻,NO-3-N、NO-2-N含量低,浸提液中Cu主要结合在DOM上,而Ba、Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn及As主要结合在疏水性有机物上.除填埋场所在点地下水外,其余点地下水污染物来源相似,其中的DOM以微生物来源为主;与垃圾浸提液中污染物分布特征相反,地下水中NH+4-N含量低而Cl-、SO2-4、DOM、NO-3-N、NO-2-N含量高,Cu、Ba、Cd、Fe、Mn及Ni的分布与DOM有关,主要结合在荧光有机物上.研究结果显示,基于地下水中污染物组成差异,采用聚类分析方法可识别出地下水受渗滤液污染点.     

Metal release/accumulation during the decomposition of Potamogeton crispus in a shallow macrophytic lake

Changes in metal concentrations in the litter of Potamogeton crispus were monitored during a consecutive 40-day in situ decomposition experiment using the litterbag method.The accumulation index was calculated and used to indicate the changes in the metals in litter.The results showed that the concentrations of Al,Cd,Cr,Fe,Mn,and Pb in litter increased significantly during the decomposition,while Cu and Zn concentrations decreased dramatically.Significant positive correlations were found between the concentrations of Al,Cr,Fe,and Mn and between Cu and Zn.Moreover,Cu and Zn both negatively correlated with Al and Fe.The remaining dry mass was negatively correlated with Al and Fe concentrations but positively correlated with Cu and Zn concentrations.Generally the accumulation index values of metals other than Al were less than one,indicating that the litter of P.crispus acted as a source of metals to the surrounding water body.Al was the only metal that showed continuous net accumulation in litter.The net accumulation of Fe and Mn in litter during the last 10 days of the experiment may indicate the precipitation of Feand Mn-oxides.It was estimated that 160 g/m~2(dry weight)P.crispus was decomposed in40 days.This was equivalent to releasing the following amounts of metals:0.01 mg Cd,0.03 mg Cr,0.71 mg Cu,0.55 mg Mn,0.02 mg Pb and 13.8 mg Zn into surrounding water,and accumulating 149 mg Al and 11 mg Fe,in a 1 m~2 area.     

湿生环境中丛枝菌根(AM)对香蒲耐Cd胁迫的影响

湿生植物在城市景观绿化和美化中应用越来越多,但也经常遭遇环境污染胁迫的问题.大量研究证实丛枝菌根(AM)可提高陆生植物耐受环境污染胁迫的能力,但对湿生植物的影响却鲜有认识.通过水培实验,探索接种AM真菌(Glomus etunicatum)对香蒲(Typha latifolia)耐受Cd2+(0、2.5、5.0 mg·L-1)胁迫的影响,旨在为评估菌根技术能否用于提高湿生植物抗耐环境污染胁迫的能力提供参考.结果表明,在湿生环境中AM真菌可与香蒲建立良好的共生关系,侵染率高于30%,但菌根化香蒲移入水溶液1个月后侵染率均呈下降趋势,最大下降25.5%(P0.05).AM增加了香蒲子叶的色素含量和POD酶活性,提高了根系的泌氧速率,但仅显著促进了5 mg·L-1Cd2+下香蒲的生长.虽然高浓度Cd2+抑制了香蒲的生长且侵染率下降,但AM仍能促进两个Cd2+浓度下香蒲对Cd的吸收,地上、地下部Cd含量最大增加40.24%和56.52%.本研究表明,AM具有增强湿生植物抗耐和修复环境重金属污染的潜力.     

An experimental and thermodynamic equilibrium investigation of the Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni partitioning during sewage sludge incineration

The effects of different chlorides and operational conditions on the distribution and speciation of six heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni) during sludge incineration were investigated using a simulated laboratory tubular-furnace reactor. A thermodynamic equilibrium investigation using the FactSage software was performed to compare the experimental results. The results indicate that the volatility of the target metals was enhanced as the chlorine concentration increased. Inorganic-Cl influenced the volatilization of heavy metals in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Ni. However, the effects of organic-Cl on the volatility of Mn, Pb and Cu were greater than the effects on Zn, Cr and Ni. With increasing combustion temperature, the presence of organic-Cl (PVC) and inorganic-Cl (NaCl) improved the transfer of Pb and Zn from bottom ash to fly ash or fuse gas. However, the presence of chloride had no obvious influence on Mn, Cu and Ni. Increased retention time could increase the volatilization rate of heavy metals; however, this effect was insignificant. During the incineration process, Pb readily formed PbSiO₄ and remained in the bottom ash. Different Pb compounds, primarily the volatile PbCl₂, were found in the gas phase after the addition of NaCl; the dominant Pb compounds in the gas phase after the addition of PVC were PbCl₂, Pb(ClO₄)₂ and PbCl₂O₄.     

Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China

Large amounts of heavy metals discharged by industrial cities that are located along the middle reach of Yellow River, China have detrimental impacts on both the ecological environment and human health. In this study, fourteen surface sediment samples were taken in the middle reach of the Yellow River. Contents of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, As were measured, and the pollution status was assessed using three widely used pollution assessment methods, including the single factor index method, Nemerow pollution index method and potential ecological risk index. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals followed the order: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cd. Nearly 50% of sites had Cu and Cr accumulation. The concentration of Cu at the Yiluo River exceeded the secondary standard value of the Environmental quality standard for soils. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations between this study and other selected rivers indicated that Cu and Cr may be the major pollutants in our case. The single factor index indicated that many samples were at high levels of pollution for Cu and Cd; the Nemerow pollution index indicated that the Yihe River, Luohe River, Yiluo River and Huayuankou were polluted. According to the results of potential ecological risk assessment, Cd in the tributaries of Luo River, Yihe River, and Yiluo River showed high risk toward the ecosystem and human health, Cd in Huanyuankou and Cu in Yiluo River showed a middle level of risk and other samples were at a low level of risk.     

模拟酸雨条件下垃圾填埋的重金属地球化学迁移模型——以徐州为例

为研究酸雨沉降条件下垃圾中重金属迁移过程,以重金属浓度变化为基础,建立了生物反应器填埋场重金属浸出和淋出的地球化学迁移过程模型和地球化学迁移的数学预测模型。研究表明,重金属的浸出顺序为As、Ni、Cr、Co、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sn、Hg、Pb、Fe,淋出顺序为Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Cd、As、Fe、Zn、Hg、Pb、Sn;对生活垃圾重金属浸出所建立的数学模型大多为指数函数、幂函数、二次函数,对模拟酸雨条件下的生物反应器填埋场重金属的淋出建立的数学模型大多为二次函数、幂函数,数学模型的相关系数在0.9以上,模型拟合效果较为理想;通过引进重金属元素释放系数建立了生物反应器填埋场重金属淋出累积总量的模型,修正后的模型的计算结果和实测值的误差在千分之一以内,可用于预测填埋场内重金属溶出总量。     

Seasonal variations in the concentration and removal of nonylphenol ethoxylates from the wastewater of a sewage treatment plant

In this study, we investigated the occurrence and fate of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) in a full scale sewage treatment plant, which applied an Anaerobic/Oxic process. Concentrations of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO in the wastewater were measured during the period spanning a whole year. The results showed remarkable seasonal variation in the concentrations of the compounds. The NPnEO compounds were most abundant in winter, with the total concentrations of influent NP, NP1EO and NP2EO ranging from 3900 to 7000 ng/L, 4000 to 4800 ng/L and 5200 to 7200 ng/L, respectively. Regarding the total removal efficiencies of the three types of short-chain NPnEO compounds, different trends were exhibited according to different seasons. The average removal efficiency of NP for the different seasons ranked as follows: winter > summer > autumn > spring; NP2EO concentrations decreased as follows: summer > autumn > winter > spring, while NP1EO concentrations reduced according to: spring > summer > autumn > winter. We also investigated the contribution ratio of individual treatment units in the A/O process, with the findings suggesting that the anaerobic treatment unit plays an important role in the elimination of short-chain NPnEOs from the wastewater.     

Assessment of potential soybean cadmium excluder cultivars at different concentrations of Cd in soils

The selection of cadmium-excluding cultivars has been used to minimize the transfer of cadmium into the human food chain. In this experiment, five Chinese soybean plants were grown in three soils with different concentrations of Cd (0.15, 0.75 and 1.12 mg/kg). Variations in uptake, enrichment, and translocation of Cd among these soybean cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the concentration of Cd in seeds that grew at 1.12 mg/kg Cd in soils exceeded the permitted maximum levels in soybeans. Therefore, our results indicated that even some soybean cultivars grown on soils with permitted levels of Cd might accumulate higher concentrations of Cd in seeds that are hazardous to human health. The seeds of these five cultivars were further assessed for interactions between Cd and other mineral nutrient elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn. High Cd concentration in soil was found to inhibit the uptake of Mn. Furthermore, Fe and Zn accumulations were found to be enhanced in the seeds of all of the five soybean cultivars in response to high Cd concentration. Cultivar Tiefeng 31 was found to fit the criteria for a Cd-excluding cultivar under different concentrations of Cd in soils.     

Particle size distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments from Beijing Olympic Park

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments (RDSs) of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents' and tourists' health. To identify the distribution and characteristic of heavy metals in RDS and to assess the road environmental quality in Chinese parks, samples were collected from Beijing Olympic Park in the present study. The results indicated that particles with small grain size (< 150 μm) were the dominant fraction. The length of dry period was one of the main factors affecting the particle size distribution, as indicated by the variation of size fraction with the increase of dry days. The amount of heavy metal (i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) content was the largest in particles with small size (< 150 μm) among all samples. Specifically, the percentage of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in these particles was 74.7%, 55.5%, 56.6% and 71.3%, respectively. Heavy metals adsorbed in sediments may mainly be contributed by road traffic emissions. The contamination levels of Pb and Cd were higher than Cu and Zn on the basis of the mean heavy metal contents. Specifically, the geoaccumulation index (I_geo) decreased in the order: Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn. This study analyzed the mobility of heavy metals in sediments using partial sequential extraction with the Tessier procedure. The results revealed that the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments, based on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, decreased in the order: Cd > Zn ≈ Pb > Cu.     

北京北部水系沉积物中重金属的研究

主要研究了北京市北部水系沉积物中重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti和Zn)含量和来源.在潮白河及密云水库流域采集了17个沉积物样品,温榆河流域采集了5个样品,重金属含量As和Hg采用原子荧光光谱法测定,Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti和Zn含量用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定.研究结果表明,沉积物中重金属元素没有出现明显的富集状况,只有Hg、Cd、Cr和Zn在一些采样点有较高的富集.相关性分析表明Hg、Cd、Zn和Cu互相之间呈显著正相关(r0.06;p0.01),而Hg与Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb和Ti没有明显的相关性.通过主成分分析研究重金属的来源,发现前3个主成分贡献率分别为38%、23%和17%.因此,Hg、Cd、Zn和Cu作为第一主成分被认为与人类活动的工矿业开采有关,第二主成分As和Mn与人类活动的农业生产和生活污水排放有关,第三主成分Cr、Ni和Ti与岩石风化和土壤侵蚀有关.     

垃圾渗滤液主要组分的催化湿式氧化降解

利用Mn/Ce复合氧化物催化剂对“年老”垃圾渗滤液主要组分正己酸、正丁酸、乙酸及氨氮进行催化湿式氧化(CWAO)降解,分析了CWAO降解过程中有机酸之间及氨氮与有机酸之间的关系.结果表明,CWAO可降解垃圾渗滤液中正己酸、正丁酸、乙酸,反应进行120min时TOC去除率均达90%以上.降解乙酸、正丁酸和正己酸混合溶液时,升温过程出现有机酸相互抑制降解现象.氨氮的存在导致正丁酸的降解率下降,而有机酸的存在也抑制了氨氮的降解.Ni2+可使催化剂中毒,使催化剂活性降低.     

Sediment pollution characteristics and in situ control in a deep drinking water reservoir

Sediment pollution characteristics, in situ sediment release potential, and in situ inhibition of sediment release were investigated in a drinking water reservoir. Results showed that organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in sediments increased from the reservoir mouth to the main reservoir. Fraction analysis indicated that nitrogen in ion exchangeable form and NaOH-extractable P (Fe/Al-P) accounted for 43% and 26% of TN and TP in sediments of the main reservoir. The Risk Assessment Code for metal elements showed that Fe and Mn posed high to very high risk. The results of the in situ reactor experiment in the main reservoir showed the same trends as those observed in the natural state of the reservoir in 2011 and 2012; the maximum concentrations of total OC, TN, TP, Fe, and Mn reached 4.42 mg/L, 3.33 mg/L, 0.22 mg/L, 2.56 mg/L, and 0.61 mg/L, respectively. An in situ sediment release inhibition technology, the water-lifting aerator, was utilized in the reservoir. The results of operating the water-lifting aerator indicated that sediment release was successfully inhibited and that OC, TN, TP, Fe, and Mn in surface sediment could be reduced by 13.25%, 15.23%, 14.10%, 5.32%, and 3.94%, respectively.     

锰矿区雨水径流中重金属含量及污染水平的空间结构特征

运用地统计学方法对湘潭市锰矿红旗矿区雨水径流中重金属含量及污染水平的空间结构特征进行了分析研究.结果表明,锰矿区雨水径流中Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb含量的最大值与最小值之间差异较大,Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb的变异系数在0.7~1.0之间,表现出中等变异性,Mn和Zn的变异系数大于1.0,表现出强变异性.空间结构分析表明,除Cd外,Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb的拟合效果均比较理想,6种元素的拟合模型的决定系数R2介于0.540~0.895之间,块金值与基台值的比值C0/(C0+C)均小于0.4,具有较强的空间相关性.空间分布图表明,元素Mn、Ni、Cd、Pb的分布较相似,元素Cu和Zn的分布很相似且以某块区域为中心向四周逐步递减.污染指数及其空间分析表明,矿区内大部分区域的雨水径流中存在中度重金属污染,东部沿线区域的存在着严重的重金属污染,仅少量地方不存在重金属污染,重金属污染从低到高的顺序为Zn、Ni、Cu、Pb、Mn、Cd.从环境风险和人体健康的角度来看,应将Cd元素作为需要优先治理和控制的重金属.     

Composition and source apportionment of dust fall around a natural lake

The aim of this study was to determine the source apportionment of dust fall around Lake Chini, Malaysia. Samples were collected monthly between December 2012 and March2013 at seven sampling stations located around Lake Chini. The samples were filtered to separate the dissolved and undissolved solids. The ionic compositions(NO-3, SO2-4, Cl-and NH+4) were determined using ion chromatography(IC) while major elements(K, Na, Ca and Mg) and trace metals(Zn, Fe, Al, Ni, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The results showed that the average concentration of total solids around Lake Chini was 93.49 ± 16.16 mg/(m2·day). SO2-4, Na and Zn dominated the dissolved portion of the dust fall. The enrichment factors(EF) revealed that the source of the trace metals and major elements in the rain water was anthropogenic, except for Fe. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis(HACA) classified the seven monitoring stations and 16 variables into five groups and three groups respectively. A coupled receptor model, principal component analysis multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR), revealed that the sources of dust fall in Lake Chini were dominated by agricultural and biomass burning(42%),followed by the earth's crust(28%), sea spray(16%) and a mixture of soil dust and vehicle emissions(14%).     

Removal of heavy metals and arsenic from a co-contaminated soil by sieving combined with washing process

Batch experiments were conducted with a heavy metals and arsenic co-contaminated soil from an abandoned mine to evaluate the feasibility of a remediation technology that combines sieving with soil washing.Leaching of the arsenic and heavy metals from the different particle size fractions was found to decrease in the order: 0.1,2–0.1,and 2 mm.With increased contact time,the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate was significantly decreased for small particles,probably because of adsorption by the clay soil component.For the different particle sizes,the removal efficiencies for Pb and Cd were75%–87%,and 61%–77% for Zn and Cu,although the extent of removal was decreased for As and Cr at 45%.The highest efficiency by washing for Pb,Cd,Zn,and As was from the soil particles 2 mm,although good metal removal efficiencies were also achieved in the small particle size fractions.Through SEM-EDS observations and correlation analysis,the leaching regularity of the heavy metals and arsenic was found to be closely related to Fe,Mn,and Ca contents of the soil fractions.The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by sieving combined with soil washing was proven to be efficient,and practical remediation parameters were also recommended.     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Uptake of radioiodide by Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from a boreal nutrient-poor bog

Radionuclides, like radioiodine(~(129)I), may escape deep geological nuclear waste repositories and migrate to the surface ecosystems. In surface ecosystems, microorganisms can affect their movement. Iodide uptake of six bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Rhodococcus isolated from an acidic boreal nutrient-poor bog was tested. The tests were run in four different growth media at three temperatures. All bacterial strains removed iodide from the solution with the highest efficiency shown by one of the Paenibacillus strains with 99% of iodide removed from the solution in one of the used growth media. Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and one of the two Paenibacillus strains showed highest iodide uptake in 1% yeast extract with maximum values for the distribution coefficient(K_d) ranging from 90 to 270 L/kg DW. The Burkholderia strain showed highest uptake in 1% Tryptone(maximum K_d170 L/kg DW). The Paenibacillus strain V0-1-LW showed exceptionally high uptake in 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth(maximum K_d 1,000,000 L/kg DW). Addition of 0.1% glucose to the 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth reduced iodide uptake at 4℃ and 20℃ and enhanced iodide uptake at 37℃ compared to the uptake without glucose. This indicates that the uptake of glucose and iodide may be competing processes in these bacteria. We estimated that in in situ conditions of the bog,the bacterial uptake of iodide accounts for approximately 0.1%–0.3% of the total sorption of iodide in the surface, subsurface peat, gyttja and clay layers.     

包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属的空间分布及来源解析

以包头市某铝厂周边500 m内土壤为研究对象,土壤按0~5 cm、5~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm分层取样,共采集64个土壤样品,测试了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Mn共7种重金属含量,运用相关性分析和主成分分析区分厂区周边重金属的来源.结果表明Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni和Mn含量分别为32.9、50.35、69.92、43.78、0.54、554.42和36.65 mg·kg~(-1),受测的7种重金属与内蒙古背景值相比均超标;重金属空间分布表明,重金属在西南方向明显富集,且在表层土壤(0~5 cm)重金属含量最高,重金属含量随深度的增加而降低,在20 cm以下的土层趋于稳定;来源分析表明,土壤周边重金属Cu、Zn、Cr和Mn的来源可能受铝厂及周边工业活动的影响;Pb和Cd来源可能主要与道路交通有关;Ni的主要来源可能受农业活动和土壤母质共同作用.     

陕西省某工业园区春季大气降尘重金属污染特征及评价

为研究陕西省某工业园区春季大气降尘中重金属元素污染特征,于2013年3月21日-6月7日使用降尘缸被动采样方法收集大气降尘样品,并利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr等重金属元素的质量分数,运用ArcGIS 9.3研究其空间分布特征,并使用I_geo（地累积指数）法评价大气降尘重金属污染水平.结果表明:研究区大气降尘中w（Cu）、w（Pb）、w（Zn）、w（Cd）、w（Ni）、w（Cr）的平均值分别为131.1、2 630.5、4 449.3、65.5、21.7、79.5 mg/kg,分别为陕西省表层土壤元素背景值的6.1、122.9、64.1、696.8、0.8、1.3倍.工业园区重金属元素质量分数高值区集中分布在西北-东南一带,Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd等重金属质量分数高值区位于园区中部,临近冶炼厂,Ni、Cr等质量分数高值区位于火电厂附近;重金属元素（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni和Cr）质量分数水平方向高值区分布在以冶炼厂为中心0~2 km范围内,并随与冶炼厂距离的增加而逐渐降低.重金属元素相关分析表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种元素之间及Ni与Cr之间存在极显著相关关系.聚类分析结果显示,Pb-Zn-Cu-Cd为一类,Ni-Cr为一类;结合空间分布变化特征,初步判断工业园区Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd重金属污染主要受金属冶炼和交通运输影响,影响Ni和Cr主要因素为燃煤.I_geo评价结果表明,工业园区春季大气降尘中Cd达极强污染,Pb、Zn达强-极强污染,Cu为中度污染,Cr、Ni基本无污染.