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农业水资源价值计算方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农业水资源价值的计算对灌区农业用水价格的制定具有重要的意义,同时也可用于对农业用水向其它类型用水转移时所受的经济损失进行估算。因此,当前将农业用水当作商品并计算其价值逐渐成为热点,尤其是在发展中国家的大型灌区和干旱、半干旱地区。对农业水资源价值的计算方法进行了综述,总结了农业水资源价值计算的两种方法,并列举了具体的计算模型和公式,提出了农业水资源价值计算中应考虑的问题,为进一步研究农业水资源价值提供参考。 相似文献
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水利工程一般表现为多种功能,但其原生功能因不同时代的需求变化而各异,总体经历了从农业时代的“兴农水利”,到工业时代的“能源水利”,再到后工业时代“民生水利”的转变.随着休闲旅游市场的日益兴旺,水利工程因其独特的景观价值和科学价值而被开发成为水利旅游风景区.系统分析了水利工程的原生功能及其变迁规律,指出水利旅游是其重要的拓展功能,因此要利用和挖掘好古代水利工程文化遗产价值,对现代水利工程进行未来遗产式开发,对水利工程赋存的非物质文化遗产进行活态开发,整体提升水利旅游发展的品位和质量. 相似文献
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交通运输是加快攀西-六盘水地区优势资源开发的先决条件。为适应能源和原材料生产基地的建设,本文提出了攀西-六盘水地区在交通运输建设上要以铁路为主动脉,现代化的高等级公路作骨架,充分发挥长江黄金水道的作用,建设一个铁、公、水、空、管等不同运输方式协调发展的综合运输网,形成内通外达、客货畅流的立体型交通运输体系,并提出了该区近期建设的重点项目。 相似文献
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对构成塔里木河沿岸地区农业用水资源的大气降水、地下水和地表水资源进行了全面评价,提出了合理利用该地区有限农业用水资源的对策。 相似文献
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《资源开发与市场》2015,(6)
水资源短缺是干旱半干旱地区可持续发展最重要的制约因素之一,加强城镇化发展与水资源利用之间的演变规律及相互作用关系的定量化分析,对新型城镇化进程和水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。基于宁夏回族自治区2000—2012年城镇化、三次产业发展及用水结构等统计数据,首先分析宁夏城镇化与用水结构的发展现状,其次定量比较和分析宁夏城镇化水平与用水效益、产业结构和用水结构的演化过程,并模拟城镇化水平与用水效益、产业结构和用水结构之间的定量关系。结果显示,农业用水总量高但比重在下降,工业用水和生活用水的比重随城镇化的进程呈明显上升趋势。目前城镇人口每增加1万人,城镇居民生活用水量增加20.91万m3;工业增加值每增加1亿元,工业用水量增加13.19万m3,城镇化水平与用水效益之间呈正相关关系,城镇化对用水效益提升起促进作用。预测到2030年,城镇生活用水和工业用水分别将在现状基础上增加0.2124亿m3和3.325亿m3,需要通过农业节水和压缩农业用水,才能满足城镇化、工业化带来的水资源需求。 相似文献
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水资源管理的经济政策效果模拟是从政策理论到政策实践的关键步骤,让决策者感知政策效果的方向和影响程度,才能更好地促进政策实践转化。本研究引入系统动力学方法,构建水资源经济政策耦合机制下水资源系统动力学(SD)模型,将我国划分为三种类型区域(干旱地区、丰水地区和过渡地区),进行三类四种水资源管理经济政策(水资源有偿使用,水价政策和水权政策;水污染收费,排污收费政策;水生态保护,水生态保护补偿政策)的耦合仿真实证研究。以我国水资源管理政策设计为目标,进行不同水管理政策耦合的生态经济效果仿真和效果定量评价,结果发现:干旱地区有偿使用的经济政策是目前经济水平下效果最好的;过渡地区有偿使用结合污水排放收费政策效果是最好的;而丰水地区必须同时实施水资源有偿使用和水污染收费两类经济政策。 相似文献
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Kristan Cockerill Peter A. Groothuis Tanga McDaniel Mohr Courtney Cooper 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(8):1341-1359
Public perceptions about water quantity and water as a common pool resource are understudied in humid regions. As water demand increases, the need to more closely manage water, even in humid areas, will increase, requiring better understanding how people perceive their water supply, how they view paying for water conservation and how water user characteristics influence attitudes. A survey finds correlations between utilizing an individual water source (e.g. well or spring) and attitudes toward water management and conservation. Compared to respondents with a shared water source, those with an individual source believe they are segregated from regional water concerns. They are less willing to pay for water management or conservation measures and less supportive of any government intervention in water management. These results suggest that planners and water managers may face resistance to conservation policies or any policy based on the idea of water as a common pool resource. 相似文献
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郑太福 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(3):33-35,43
雨水收集设施等水工程日益得到应用,需要解决雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源的所有权。因大气降水是一种自由资源,不属于《宪法》中的"水流"或《水法》中的"水资源"的范畴,雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源所有权不能适用《宪法》、《水法》的规定,而是取决于雨水收集设施等水工程设施的所有权。雨水收集设施等水工程设施不是土地的组成部分,所有权包括国家所有、集体所有、其他组织和个人所有等形式,因此,雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源所有权自然包括国家所有、集体所有、其他组织和个人所有。但水工程设施不是公益性、大中型的水利设施,允许其他投资主体投资,其所有权应以集体、个人所有为主要形式 相似文献
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Establishing components of community satisfaction with recycled water use through a structural equation model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of recycled water is being promoted through policy in many parts of the world with the aim of achieving sustainable water management. However there are some major barriers to the success of recycled water use policies and their instruments, in particular for potable reuse schemes. One of these barriers can be a lack of community support. Despite the critical nature of community attitudes to recycled water to the success of projects, they are often little understood. Further information is required to ensure the successful implementation of recycled water policy and to ensure sustainable management of water resources is achieved. The aim of this paper is to establish the key components of community satisfaction with recycled water. This was investigated through a case study of the Mawson Lakes population in South Australia, where recycled water is used for non-potable purposes through a dual water supply system (the 'recycled water system'). This paper reports results from a survey of 162 Mawson Lakes residents. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed and tested to explain and predict components of community satisfaction with recycled water use (for non-potable use) through the dual water supply system. Results indicate the components of satisfaction with recycled water use were an individual's positive perception of: the Water Authority's communication, trust in the Water Authority, fairness in the recycled water system's implementation, quality of the recycled water, financial value of the recycled water system, and risk associated with recycled water use (negative relationship). The results of this study have positive implications for the future management and implementation of recycled water projects in particular through dual water supply systems. The results indicate to water authorities and water policy developers guiding principles for community consultation with regards to the management of recycled water projects. 相似文献
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产品贸易及水权交易使得水资源问题"跨流域化",不再单纯是流域内部管理问题。本文从流域比较视角出发,在区分蓝、绿、灰三种水足迹的基础上,应用水足迹模型,测算了两流域典型地区的水足迹,进行流域水资源问题对比分析,并分析了经济发展模式对流域水资源可持续性的影响。结果发现,杭州市经济用水中灰色水足迹占总量的90%,而张掖市经济用水中绿色水足迹占总量的60.8%,说明钱塘江流域水资源问题在于质,而黑河流域水资源问题在于量;经济发展模式中的产业结构、水资源开发效率、工业化路径等影响流域水资源可持续利用,同时基于GDP导向的流域间的水资源逆向配置,更加剧了流域水资源矛盾。最后根据流域对比结果提出治理措施,从而形成流域间协作的良性循环。 相似文献
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Donna M. Cosgrove Gary S. Johnson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(6):1469-1482
ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States. 相似文献
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Frank A. Ward Ari M. Michelsen Leeann DeMouche 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):237-253
Abstract: The Rio Grande basin shares problems faced by many arid regions of the world: growing and competing demands for water and river flows and uses that are vulnerable to drought and climate change. In recent years legislation, administrative action, and other measures have emerged to encourage private investment in efficient agricultural water use. Nevertheless, several institutional barriers discourage irrigators from investing in water conservation measures. This article examines barriers to agricultural water conservation in the Rio Grande basin and identifies challenges and opportunities for promoting it. Several barriers to water conservation are identified: clouded titles, water transfer restrictions, illusory water savings, insecure rights to conserved water, shared carry‐over storage, interstate compacts, conservation attitudes, land tenure arrangements, and an uncertain duty of water. Based on data on water use and crop production costs, price is found to be a major factor influencing water conservation. A low water price discourages water conservation even if other institutions promote it. A high price of water encourages conservation even in the presence of other discouraging factors. In conclusion, water‐conserving policies can be more effectively implemented where water institutions and programs are designed to be compatible with water’s underlying economic scarcity. 相似文献
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在当前水资源浪费、用水效率较低的背景下,仍然有许多地区继续实行低水价政策,本文认为这是供水企业与用水企业以及政府水务部门相互博弈的结果。通过构建一个供水企业与用水企业的博弈模型,并采用演化博弈分析方法分析动态演化的结果,本文发现当前采用低水价的主要原因在于:供水企业制定水价时要同时考虑私人收益与公共节水收益,而高水价对经济产生的冲击成本不足以弥补高水价产生的公共节水收益与私人收益,从而导致有些地区供水企业不敢提高水价,一直采用低水价策略。进一步地,本文采用不完全信息动态博弈方法分析供水企业与政府关于水价的议定过程,发现提高水价对经济的冲击越大,且节水技术投入成本越大而节水的公共收益越小时,政府水务部门同意低水价的概率越大;反之,则同意高水价的概率越大。从博弈论的角度系统地分析了低水价产生的决策过程,可对提高水价、促进节约用水具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献