生态文明建设导向的城市自然公园生态教育研究

生态教育是推动生态文明建设进程的重要环节,城市自然公园具有资源与区位优势,并切合全民教育理念,应成为生态教育的重要基地。以推进生态文明建设为目标导向,剖析城市自然公园生态教育的实施路径,阐述城市自然公园生态教育面临动力缺乏、定位模糊、生态解说滞后、教育项目缺失等现实问题,在此基础上运用系统规划法构建相应的动力机制、教育定位、生态解说系统、教育项目等生态教育规划,并探讨支持生态教育可持续发展的保障体系、生态补偿策略与评价系统。     

郊野公园作为城市自然保留地的价值分析

城市自然保留地（urban natural reserved area）是指城市地区范围内具有一定面积的自然或近自然区域,具有保持生物多样性、乡土物种保护和保存复杂基因库等重要的生态功能。郊野公园作为城市自然保留地的重要组成,在生态、游憩、乡土植物、研究教育等方面具有重要的价值。本文分析了郊野公园在这些方面的价值,并介绍了香港的郊野公园建设,最后对郊野公园的建设提出了建议。     

天津爆炸遗址公园应让人们记住什么

<正>震惊中外的"8·12"天津大爆炸发生后不到一个月,媒体就公布了天津市政府将在爆炸事件发生地修建海港生态公园新闻。据报道,本次火灾爆炸事故遗址将在彻底清理后建设成海港生态公园,面积约43公顷。按照生态、生机、生活、纪念的主题和策略,将设置消防战士雕塑群纪念,打造一个舒适、宜人的生态公园。按照建设计划,公园南侧规划林荫步道,设置公园主入口,土壤修复后在公园中心规划景观水面,水面周围布置     

北京延庆国家地质公园旅游资源类型与保护开发建议

建立地质公园是保护地质遗迹、普及地质知识和促进经济发展的有效途径。在野外综合地质考察和全面收集资料的基础上,对延庆国家地质公园内地质遗迹进行了系统的分类和描述,概括了地质公园内人文景观资源。在此基础上,对公园的资源及旅游开发条件进行评价,进而从地质遗迹保护、管理体制和公园发展等方面提出地质遗迹保护和旅游资源开发的初步构想,为延庆地质公园的建设和发展提供思路,确保公园内地质遗迹资源走上持续发展之路。     

温州市生态文明城市的建设

生态文明城市是由人口、资源、环境、经济(PREE)组成的复合系统。本文从生态文明城市的概念和内涵入手,具体分析了其创建的基本原则。并以温州市为例,从生态经济建设、人口—社会系统建设、资源环境建设及保障体系建设等方面提出了对生态文明城市建设的对策和意见。     

青海省12个类型保护地现状调查与分析

青海省作为青藏高原生态安全屏障的重要组成部分,自1975年在青海湖建立第一个自然保护区以来,历经40余年的建设与发展,全省保护地建设取得了显著成效,截至2017年12月,共划建了国家公园(试点)2处、自然保护区11处、风景名胜区19处、水产种质资源保护区14处、沙化土地封禁保护区8处、水利风景区17处、地质公园9处、森林公园23处、湿地公园20处、沙漠公园12处、重要湿地20处、世界自然遗产地1处,共156处,基本覆盖了全省绝大多数重要的自然生态系统和自然遗产资源,最大程度上保留了自然本底,完好地保存了典型生态系统、珍稀特有物种资源、珍贵特殊自然遗迹和自然景观,发挥了涵养水源、保持土壤、防风固沙、维护生物多样性等生态功能,对维护我国生态安全和生物多样性稳定以及促进经济社会可持续发展发挥了重要作用。     

重点领域优先行动为生物物种危机解围——访生态司司长万本太

十七大把建设生态文明列入了建设小康社会的要素之一,生物物种资源的保护与利用是建设生态文明不可缺少的组成部分,由国务院同意印发的《全国生物物种资源保护与利用规划纲要》从宏观战略角度为生物物种资源保护提供了具有指导性和实践性的方针政策,如何切实理解和准确把握《规划纲要》的精神实质,本刊记者采访了生态司万本太司长。     

别具一格逛公园

<正>走进自然的理念目前已被许多人所接受,人们希望走进自然,认识自然,感悟自然,但是由于自然知识的匮乏,走进自然的途径多被"露营、捡垃圾、徒步、野餐"所充斥,缺乏观察、探索、认识自然的乐趣。经过长期的实践与思考,我们认为充分利用身边的生态资源,把生态观念、环境意识与这些生态资源背后的科学知识结合起来,开展一系列自然教育活动是解决问题的有效方式。深圳有公园800多个,是当之无愧的"公园之城"。若是只把公园当成锻炼身体、休闲娱     

资源型城市可持续发展的生态补偿机制研究

资源型城市的经济转型与可持续发展已经成为一个世界性的课题,也是现阶段我国全面建设小康社会过程中凸现出来的一项新课题.在生态环境危机和区域矛盾日益加剧的社会背景下,构建生态补偿机制已成为资源型城市可持续发展的重要措施,有利于缩小区际间的差距,促进环境建设,同时也符合时代发展的主旋律.从资源型城市生态环境问题突出、转型动力不足、社会问题突出、地方财政困难等方面阐述了构建资源型城市生态补偿机制的必要性,在此基础上着重从法律保障、补偿标准、横向财政转移支付、生态保护与经济增长、体制机制等方面分析我国资源型城市生态补偿面临的障碍因素,并对我国资源型城市生态补偿运行机制做了进一步探讨.     

乌苏里江国家森林公园开发建设探讨

介绍了乌苏里江国家森林公园旅游资源概况 ,在确定公园开发建设原则的基础上 ,评价了公园的开发建设条件 ,并提出了公园开发建设措施。     

中国自然保护地70年发展历程与成效

新中国成立70年来,我国自然保护地体系逐步完善。在生态系统与重要自然资源保护方面,形成了由自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园、自然文化遗产、湿地公园、水产种质资源保护区、海洋特别保护区、特别保护海岛等组成的保护地体系。在生态空间保护方面,率先在国际上提出和实施生态保护红线,构建了以重要生态功能区、生态脆弱区和生物多样性保护区为主体的生态保护红线技术体系,成为我国新世纪一项重大生态保护工程,并开展了生态功能区划、主体功能区划。在保护机制上,于2015年启动了国家公园体制,并开展试点示范。本文从以上三个方面概要分析了我国自然保护地的发展历程和发展成效。     

Toward Sustainable Management of National Parks in Japan: Securing Local Community and Stakeholder Participation

Japan’s national park system constitutes a potentially viable mechanism for securing local community participation and building stakeholder consensus for sustainable park management, although the potential of this system is yet to be fully maximized. This article gives an overview of the system of protecting natural resources in Japan, focusing on the national park system. Parks are managed by zoning and regulation, which is unique in that land is not “set aside” for nature conservation, but designated as national park wherever the need to preserve “scenic beauty” has been recognized, regardless of land ownership or land use. Although resource conservation under this system has been problematic, it has advantages, especially in terms of community participation. This article demonstrates that in order to reach the system’s potential, the park authority must act as coordinator of stakeholders and facilitator of bottom-up approaches to decision-making. In order to do this, steps that must be taken include the following: identifying the various stakeholders in park management and defining the “local community”; clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder; and supporting consensus-building among stakeholders regarding the objectives and long-term vision of each park. By taking these steps, it would be possible to build a park management system that overrides government boundaries and involves local communities. This will enable the park authority to address the challenges facing Japan’s complex system of conserving natural resources, and move towards sustainable management of natural resources in Japan.     

The quandary of local people—Park relations in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park

This paper analyzes five major causes of park-people conflicts that have occurred in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park. The causes include illegal transactions of forest products from the park, livestock grazing in the park, illegal hunting and fishing, crop damage, and threats to human and animal life caused by wild animals from the park. The conflicts indicate a reciprocal relationship between the park and local people. They reflect the attitudes of local people and representatives of the park authority whose priorities and objectives largely diverge. The results show that people settled adjacent to the park are heavily dependent on its resources. Even in places where some, albeit few alternative sources exist, local people continue to trespass the park boundary as these sources are inadequate to ensure the fulfillment of local people's resource needs. Illegal transactions of resources continue throughout the year; however, they are less intense during summer due to flooding caused by the Rapti River, which forms the park boundary towards the northern section where this study is conducted. The frequency of local people's visits to the park is mainly determined by their age, distance between homesteads and park, and volume of crop loss caused by wild animals. Crop damage is the function of size of landholding, distance, and frequency of crop raid. Local people claim that they have no intention of letting their livestock graze in the park; however, the dense vegetation of the park attracts livestock grazing on riverbanks just outside the open park boundary. Many head of livestock are killed by carnivores of the park. Human casualties are mainly caused by sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), tiger (Panthera tigris), wild pig (Sug scrofa), and rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). There had been some earlier attempts to reconcile the conflicts by offering local people different kinds of compensations; however, these were unsuccessful measures. An integrated approach is essential if efforts to resolve the park-people conflicts are to succeed. The government is in the process of launching a project that aims to resolve the inherent problems with such an approach. Suggestions are made to incorporate some key elements, such as maintaining effective communication between various parties and the potential for wildlife conservation among local people.     

生态工业园内的水资源循环模型

目前，工业生态学在我国有了很大程度的发展，它已成为环境管理和规划领域研究的热点问题。本文简要介绍生态工业园的概念和理论后，重点阐述了生态工业园区内水资源循环模型的构建，并以青白江工业集中发展区为例，建立工业园区内的水资源循环再生模型，以期对我国的生态工业园区的水资源规划和循环再生利用提供依据。     

我国森林公园旅游开发与规划研究综述

在阅读大量文献资料的基础上,试图从森林公园旅游资源调查与评价、森林公园旅游规划与建设、森林公园旅游产品开发、森林公园旅游资源开发问题与对策、森林公园旅游资源的开发与保护、森林公园景观资产的评估、森林公园旅游解说系统等方面对国内有关森林公园旅游开发与规划的研究进行了系统综述。在此基础上,对中国森林公园旅游开发与规划以后的研究进行了展望。     

重庆新型工业化的必由之路--生态工业园区

随着全球保护环境、实现可持续发展的呼声日益高涨,由此出现了一种新型的工业组织形态--生态工业园区,它通过一个区域内的物流和能源的正确设计模拟自然生态系统,形成企业间共生网络,达到减少废物,实现园区污染"零排放"的目标,从而成为各国可持续发展的主要模式之一.目前重庆地区已经规划建立了40多个特色工业园区,但没有一个是真正意义上的生态工业园区,因此结合相关构建理论,在重庆建立生态工业园区很有必要.     

成都市中心城区河流生态环境需水量计算及田园城市用水展望

以流经成都市中心城区的主要河流—府河、南河及沙河"三河"为研究对象,在成都市建设现代田园城市背景下,从满足河流水质要求出发,对"三河"的生态环境需水量进行了计算和分析。计算分析结果表明:当前"三河"的水质状况不容乐观,"三河"流量还不能达到建设现代田园城市所需的生态环境用水量。针对分析结果提出了成都市在建设现代田园城市过程中河流水质改善及水资源管理的措施和建议。     

加强水资源保护刻不容缓

从目前水资源匮乏和水质污染的状况入手,分析了影响原因,并从加强污染源管理、小城镇环保设施建设、控制农业污染、提高利用率、加强环境宣传力度等几方面提出保护水资源的对策与建议.     

External threats to ecosystems of US national parks

Activities beyond national park boundaries are now the principal source of threats to park natural resource integrity. Assessing the full impact of major threats as air and water pollution requires a long-term ecosystem-level approach in research design and execution, and park management. Failure to take such an approach renders most existing park data bases useless in the documentation of external threats. While the concept of managing national parks as ecosystems is not new, Park Service research and its organization have not provided the information necessary for such a basis of management. Quantifying the impacts on park resources due to external hydrologic regulation and air pollution is a good example of the need to employ an ecosystem approach in research. However, implementing such a program will require a fundamental change in research administration, priority setting, and conceptual approach.The first four of the articles in this special section arise from an AAAS symposium onExternal Threats to Ecosystems of the National Parks in the USA, which was convened in 1982. The articles have been revised to reflect subsequent developments in this field. The first article, by Dr. Stottlemyer, the symposium organizer, serves as an introduction to the topic. The fifth article in this special section was submitted separately, but included because it also is related to this particular topic.     

括苍山淡竹森林公园旅游资源特征及开发设想

淡竹森林公园地处括苍山脉中部,保存有括苍山脉最好、最完整的常绿阔叶林,是浙中和浙东沿海区域原生性最强的原始次生森林。在系统调查的基础上,分析得出淡竹森林公园旅游资源的6大特点——风景资源品味较高,天然常绿阔叶林景观较典型,水体景观多姿多彩,山体和岩体景观奇妙,森林环境优异,山区风情较淳厚;提出了淡竹森林公园旅游开发的5条基本思路,即依法开发、保护为先,体现特色与周边景区互补相结合,突出重点与循序发展相结合,旅游产品应以自然性休闲型为主导,塑造主题旅游形象,强化宣传促销。