Long-Term Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Monitoring to Assess Pollution Abatement Effectiveness

The benthic macroinvertebrate community of East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in East Tennessee was monitored for 18 years to evaluate the effectiveness of a water pollution control program implemented at a major United States (U.S.) Department of Energy facility. Several actions were implemented to reduce and control releases of pollutants into the headwaters of the stream. Four of the most significant actions were implemented during different time periods, which allowed assessment of each action. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected annually in April from three locations in EFPC (EFK24, EFK23, and EFK14) and two nearby reference streams from 1986 through 2003. Significant improvements occurred in the macroinvertebrate community at the headwater sites (EFK24 and EFK23) after implementation of each action, while changes detected 9 km further downstream (EFK14) could not be clearly attributed to any of the actions. Because the stream was impacted at its origin, invertebrate recolonization was primarily limited to aerial immigration, thus, recovery has been slow. As recovery progressed, abundances of small pollution-tolerant taxa (e.g., Orthocladiinae chironomids) decreased and longer lived taxa colonized (e.g., hydropsychid caddisflies, riffle beetles, Baetis). While assessments lasting three to four years may be long enough to detect a response to new pollution controls at highly impacted locations, more time may be needed to understand the full effects. Studies on the effectiveness of pollution controls can be improved if impacted and reference sites are selected to maximize spatial and temporal trending, and if a multidisciplinary approach is used to broadly assess environmental responses (e.g., water quality trends, invertebrate and fish community assessments, toxicity testing, etc.).     

Monitoring Fish Contaminant Responses to Abatement Actions: Factors that Affect Recovery

Monitoring of contaminant accumulation in fish has been conducted in East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee since 1985. Bioaccumulation trends are examined over a twenty year period coinciding with major pollution abatement actions by a Department of Energy facility at the stream’s headwaters. Although EFPC is enriched in many contaminants relative to other local streams, only polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury (Hg) were found to accumulate in the edible portions of fish to levels of human health concern. Mercury concentrations in redbreast sunfish were found to vary with season of collection, sex and size of individual fish. Over the course of the monitoring, waterborne Hg concentrations were reduced >80%; however, this did not translate into a comparable decrease in Hg bioaccumulation at most sites. Mercury bioaccumulation in fish did respond to decreased inputs in the industrialized headwater reach, but paradoxically increased in the lowermost reach of EFPC. As a result, the downstream pattern of Hg concentration in fish changed from one resembling dilution of a headwater point source in the 1980s to a uniform distribution in the 2000s. The reason for this remains unknown, but is hypothesized to involve changes in the chemical form and reactivity of waterborne Hg associated with the removal of residual chlorine and the addition of suspended particulates to the streamflow. PCB concentrations in fish varied greatly from year-to-year, but always exhibited a pronounced downstream decrease, and appeared to respond to management practices that limited episodic inputs from legacy sources within the facility.     

中国中小学绿色教育行动项目简介

“中国中小学绿色教育行动”项目是由中国教育部、世界自然基金会（ＷＷＦ）、英国石油ＢＰ公司共同合作开展的环境教育项目。为期六年,分两个阶段进行,目前已完成第一阶段工作（１９９７—２０００年）,项目第二阶段工作从２０００年１０月启动至２００３年。该项目旨在提高中国中小学面向可持续发展的环境教育质量,普及可持续发展思想,增强中国可持续发展能力建设。通过此项目的实施,将促进参与的教师和教育者能够为学生提供有效地参与环境保护和可持续发展所需的知识、理解力、价值观和技能,鼓励学生从社会、自然和科学等不同…     

环境教育成焦点--中国绿色学校国际研讨会暨青少年环境论坛在台州举行

为落实教育部2003年10月新颁发的《中小学环境教育实施指南》，促进国内外绿色学校、生态学校间的交流，提高绿色学校创建水平，有效传播和宣传绿色学校的创建成果，由国家环保总局主办的“中国绿色学校国际研讨会暨青少年环境论坛”于2004年7月29～31日在浙江台州市隆重举行。     

从被动治理到综合防治 从局部好转到整体提升——“十一五”蚌埠市环保事业创出新业绩

“十一五”是蚌埠市经济社会快速发展的重要时期,也是环境保护受到社会各方面关注,环保工作得到迅速发展的重要时期。在市委、市政府的高度重视和正确领导下,社会各界给予关心与支持,全系统上下提振信心、凝神聚气、攻坚克难、奋力争先,克服“流域限批”带来的种种不利局面,坚持以实施污染防治为抓手,以提高环境综合防治水平为目标,以解决突出环境问题为重点,全面提升环境监督管理水平,     

加强环境信息与统计能力建设促进污染减排工作

文章从建立与完善“科学的减排指标体系、准确的减排监测体系、严格的减排考核体系”的要求入手,分析了青海省环境信息与统计能力建设的发展现状、存在问题,并从加强环境信息与统计能力建设,提高环境信息与统计的科学水平和整体实力等方面,提出了发展思路、目标及对策建议,以期达到为经济建设和环境管理提供技术支持和技术服务的目的。     

减排中的CDM发展分析

概述了CDM的由来,通过分析目前国际和国内CDM项目实施现状及其市场建立过程中面临的主要问题,对CDM项目发展趋势进行了展望。     

水体重金属污染的生态效应及生物监测

重金属污染是水体污染的一个重要方面,随着工业的发展和人口的不断增加,水体重金属污染已经成为全球的环境问题。本文主要介绍了水体重金属的污染现状以及对水生植物、水生动物和人体健康的危害,并探讨运用生物的敏感性来监测水体重金属污染的可行性,生物监测水体重金属污染有很好的发展前景。     

对江河源地区水土保持监测工作的一些设想

青海省是长江、黄河、澜沧江和黑河的发源地,江河源头地广人稀,水土流失严重,是水蚀、风蚀和冻融侵蚀交错区。随着西部大开发战略的实施,要切实保护江河源头地区脆弱的生态环境,必须合理布设水土保持监测站网,及时掌握水土流失的分布情况和发展趋势。     

辐射环境自动监测站的简介与运维经验浅谈

辐射环境连续自动监测与空气自动监测、水质自动监测相比,在我国的起步较晚,发展较慢.最近几年,国家和地方政府加大了辐射环境质量监测方面的资金投入,加强了辐射环境质量的管理力度,在重点区域和重点城市建立了多个辐射环境自动监测站.在2011年3月11日日本福岛核事故发生后,国家环境保护部开始定期向社会发布全国辐射环境自动监测站空气吸收剂量率监测值,用数据说话,从根本上解除民众忧虑,辐射环境连续自动监测站的重要性由此上升到了一个新的高度.本文从我国辐射连续自动站的产生开始,深入浅出、图文并茂地简要介绍了其发展过程和现状.     

Long-Term Biological Monitoring of an Impaired Stream: Synthesis and Environmental Management Implications

The long-term ecological recovery of an impaired stream in response to an industrial facility’s pollution abatement actions and the implications of the biological monitoring effort to environmental management is the subject of this special issue of Environmental Management. This final article focuses on the synthesis of the biological monitoring program’s components and methods, the efficacy of various biological monitoring techniques to environmental management, and the lessons learned from the program that might be applicable to the design and application of other programs. The focus of the 25-year program has been on East Fork Poplar Creek, an ecologically impaired stream in Oak Ridge, Tennessee with varied and complex stressors from a Department of Energy facility in its headwaters. Major components of the long-term program included testing and monitoring of invertebrate and fish toxicity, bioindicators of fish health, fish contaminant accumulation, and instream communities (including periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish). Key parallel components of the program include water chemistry sampling and data management. Multiple lines of evidence suggested positive ecological responses during three major pollution abatement periods. Based on this case study and the related literature, effective environmental management of impaired streams starts with program design that is consistent across space and time, but also adaptable to changing conditions. The biological monitoring approaches used for the program provided a strong basis for assessments of recovery from remedial actions, and the likely causes of impairment. This case study provides a unique application of multidisciplinary and quantitative techniques to address multiple and complex regulatory and programmatic goals, environmental stressors, and remedial actions.     

超高效液相色谱简介及在环境监测中的应用

文章介绍了超高效液相色谱的技术特点和优势,总结了超高效液相色谱（UPLC）系统在分离度、分析速度、灵敏度等方面的先进性,并以几种污染物的UPLC分析结果为例对其在环境监测领域的应用进行了说明,结果表明超高效液相色谱方法的突出优点体现在节省分析时间和溶剂用量上,尤其对基质复杂的痕量组分测定采用该方法以提高分析通量是今后发展的必然趋势。     

石油污染的修复与处理技术

随着工业化进程的不断发展,石油及其制品的污染问题也日趋严重。由于各种原因导致的石油及其制品的泄漏,对土壤和水体造成严重危害,并最终威胁到人类的健康。本文主要介绍了受石油污染环境的几种修复技术及处理方法,比较与分析了各种方法的优点及存在的问题,同时指出了石油污染治理方面的最新研究进展以及发展方向。     

青海省污染减排形势与问题思考

文章立足青海省污染减排工作,针对面临的形势和存在的主要问题,提出了今后工作的对策建议。     

Role of a Comprehensive Toxicity Assessment and Monitoring Program in the Management and Ecological Recovery of a Wastewater Receiving Stream

National Pollution Discharge Elimination Permit (NPDES)-driven effluent toxicity tests using Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnows were conducted for more than 20 years to assess and monitor the effects of wastewaters at the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12 Complex) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Toxicity testing was also conducted on water samples from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC), the wastewater receiving stream, as part of a comprehensive biological monitoring and assessment program. In this paper, we evaluate the roles of this long-term toxicity assessment and monitoring program in the management and ecological recovery of EFPC. Effluent toxicity testing, associated toxicant evaluation studies, and ambient toxicity monitoring were instrumental in identifying toxicant sources at the Y-12 Complex, guiding modifications to wastewater treatment procedures, and assessing the success of various pollution-abatement actions. The elimination of untreated wastewater discharges, the dechlorination of remaining wastewater streams, and the implementation of flow management at the stream headwaters were the primary actions associated with significant reductions in the toxicity of stream water in the upper reaches of EFPC from the late 1980s through mid 1990s. Through time, as regulatory requirements changed and water quality improved, emphasis shifted from comprehensive toxicity assessments to more focused toxicity monitoring efforts. Ambient toxicity testing with C. dubia and fathead minnows was supplemented with less-standardized but more sensitive alternative laboratory toxicity tests and in situ bioassays. The Y-12 Complex biological monitoring experience demonstrates the value of toxicity studies to the management of a wastewater receiving stream.     

县级环境监测站实验室内部设计案例简介和分析

本文详细介绍县级环境监测实验室设计原则和理念,并结合作者自己站环境监测实验室建设的实际,对实验室新大楼建设平面布局、实验室排风、实验室供电、实验室纯水系统、实验室特殊气体系统等部分的设计进行了简单介绍,并提出了相关优选方案,为县级同规模环境监测实验室的建设提供借鉴作用。     

从新《大气污染防治法》浅析限期治理的性质及其意义

限期治理在环境保护中有着重要的地位,但作为一种行政管理手段,已经与形式不合。本文指出在新《大气污染了防治法》中,限期治理的性质已经改变,成为法律责任的形式,并提出了相关立法建议。     

Abatement systems for SOx,NOx, and particles — Technical options

Summary This technical paper summarizes the various systems currently available for the removal of SO_x, NO_x and particles from possible acid rain emission sources associated with industrial processes. Preferred systems are outlined in the conclusions.This paper was first presented at the Institution of Environmental Sciences Seminar An Update on Acid Rain which took place in London during November, 1984. Stanley Wallin is a Principal Scientific Officer at Warren Spring Laboratory. He is an engineer working in the environmental field, and his main interests and research are in the measurement and control of pollution from stationary sources. He acts as a consultant for the European Economic Community, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the UK's Health and Safety Executive.