计算机图形技术在环境监测中的应用

讨论了计算机图形技术在环境监测实验室分析、监测数据趋势分析和环境数据统计等方面的应用,结合Internet技术的发展,对环境信息发布和地理信息系统(GIS)的结合应用进行了讨论,提出了Internet下环境信息应用的新思路:建立数据审核系统、数据查询分析系统、用户管理管理系统、地图出版系统,以提高环境监测分析应用水平.     

电镀工业污染最小化知识库系统

电镀工艺污染最小化知识库系统是在Windows95环境下采用Visual Basica5.0为编程语言和Access为数据库而开发的实用系统，该知识库系统具有清洁生产审计信息编辑、查询、统计、报表生成等功能，根据录入的信息提出推荐的清洁生产方案供使用者选择，并且可利用该知识库系统对工艺设计、操作人员进行该行业污染最小化技术的培训。该系统是一个动态可发展知识库系统，使用者可十分便捷地更新和添加知识库的内容。     

企业环境管理制度优化及其信息系统框架设计研究

污染源大数据是环保大数据的重要组成部分,然而在以环境管理制度为基础的污染源数据管理过程中,一直存在制度衔接不流畅、数据不共享等诸多问题。本文调研考察了现有各项环境管理制度的衔接情况,提出以排污许可制度为核心,通过与其他环境管理制度有效衔接,实现环境管理的各个环节的有效覆盖。通过SWOT分析法对基于"一证式"改革的环境管理制度优化方案的可行性和必要性进行了深入分析,并以排污许可证为核心,设计企业环境管理信息系统框架。试生产与竣工环保验收实效不足,可转为企业自行备案;将环评审批结论纳入排污许可证,可大幅度减轻企业相关环境管理业务人员的负担。环境管理制度的优化必须建立在部门职能转变与整合之上;同时,还必须获得国家层面的立法与行政的支持;社会舆论的关注与支持也将推动环境管理制度优化的进程。以排污许可证管理为核心的信息系统框架可以有效实现污染源排放信息整合共享。     

沈阳:四大类企业必须建污染源自动监控系统

<正>近日,沈阳市环境保护局起草完成了《沈阳市污染源自动监控管理办法(试行)》(以下简称《办法》),并公开向社会征求意见。《办法》要求,自动监控系统经环境保护部门登记备案,且经过有效性审核的,其数据作为环境保护部门进行排污申报核定、排污许可证发放、总量控制、环境统计、排污费征收和现场环境执法等环境监督管理的依据,并按照有关规定向社会公开。依据《办法》,符合以下条件的企业将必须建设污染源自动监控系统,即列入国家重点污染源的排污单位;城镇污水处理厂和工业园区内配套     

ODS全面实施配额许可证管理

中国将从2004年开始对消耗臭氧层物质ODS全面实施配额许可证管理制度(即对ODS物质生产、消费、进出口、销售实施配额许可证管理,简称“四证”系统)。全面实施配额许可证管理是为了建立ODS物质的合法流通渠道,防止非法生产与消费,确保中国淘汰ODS物质的目标能够实现。中国从1997年实施第一个ODS行业整体淘汰计划———《中国消防行业哈龙整体淘汰计划》开始,就对哈龙生产厂家发放了哈龙年度生产配额;1999年CFCs生产行业淘汰计划获得批准,又对CFCs的生产进行了配额许可证管理;并通过“禁止新建、扩建生产ODS物质的设施”的政策颁布,…     

汽车制造业排污许可证申领和证后管理要点及建议

结合广州市汽车制造业排污许可证申领的情况,梳理汽车制造业排污许可证申领和证后管理程序,并对要点进行总结归纳,分析排污许可证申领和证后管理存在的主要问题,并提出相应的建议,为汽车制造业排污许可证管理提供参考,降低企业生产运营期环境违法风险,助推汽车产业稳步发展。     

轻量级校园地下管线管理系统的规划与设计

通过调研并借鉴其他院校的建设经验,归纳得出中国环境管理干部学院新校区地下管线管理系统的目标和总体需求,规划出系统的数据处理模块、查询模块、分析模块和系统管理模块,并选择将DotSpatial作为系统开发的基础框架,对地下管线管理系统建设的资料搜集、数据库建模、数据处理、数据入库和数据更新五个阶段进行了重点讨论。     

结合Internet技术开发油田环境监测信息化管理技术

针对胜利油田环境监测管理的特点,以监测工作为技术依据,讨论了采用Internet技术进行环境监测的信息化管理,重点对采用Browser/server模式进行专业数据库系统的设计、开发和实现进行了讨论。通过实践表明:该系统利用局域网环境,用户可以通过浏览器完成监测原始数据和月报表的输入,计算、审核、汇总、统计、保存、查询及打印工作。     

广州海洋观测网规划建设及观测数据应用探讨

阐述了广州海洋观测网建设的迫切性和必要性,对海洋观测网建设在海洋防灾减灾、海岸工程建设及海水养殖等方面的重要意义进行了分析说明。总结广州市海洋观测网建设现状和成果,并利用已有观测数据对2017年台风^“天鸽^”和^“帕卡^”期间广州海域水文气象特征、2015—2017年枯水期咸潮入侵特征进行了分析。研究表明, 现有观测数据对台风和咸潮活动均具有较明显的反应,且对海洋防灾减灾工作具有重要的意义;为更有效地利用已有观测数据,将观测数据价值最大化,对观测网建设及运行过程中观测工作机制及业务化流程、数据质量控制、观测站布设合理性以及数据应用分析这几个方面存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了广州海洋观测网的优化、改进措施及未来发展方向。     

信息共享平台在环境管理中的支撑作用

建立环境信息共享平台,使环境管理数据实现共享,实现各类数据及时的关联,是环境管理工作发展的必然趋势,将为环境管理提供强有力的技术支撑.信息共享平台利用了大型数据库在性能、安全性、可靠性、数据一致性、分布式处理等方面的优势,将各主要环境业务部门的统计、收费、审批、监测等数据集中管理起来,数据管理人员、各级领导、业务部门员工通过统一的Web界面进行管理、查询分析大量的环境数据,从而简化环境数据管理的难度,提高环境数据管理的水平,大大方便用户对环保数据的访问,提高了数据利用效率.     

On causes of illegal waste dumping in Slovakia

This paper examines the determinants of illegal waste dumping at the county level in Slovakia (in 77 of 79 counties), using a truncated regression model. It analyzes a unique data-set composed of illegal dumping data provided by the TrashOut platform and sociodemographic data from the national statistical authority.

This study shows that a higher level of expected overall waste production results in a higher rate of illegally dumped waste and a higher number of illegal dumping sites. More precisely, income has a positive impact on the rate of illegal waste dumping, poverty influences the rate of illegal dumping negatively and a higher level of education does not result in more responsible waste management. On the contrary, higher education has a positive influence on the rate of dumping. A negative relationship between costs of illegal waste disposal and dumping rate, as well as a positive relationship between costs of legal waste disposal and dumping rate has been revealed.     

POLICY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH WATERBORNE ASBESTOS1

ABSTRACT: This article discusses the implications of accepting various standards of scientific evidence in disputes arising over the dumping of potentially hazardous materials into public waterways and drinking water supplies. Standards based on the types of risks and levels of benefits suffered and received by adjacent populations are evaluated within the context of the several pieces of federal legislation which relate to water quality. A case study of Reserve Mining Corporation's dumping of taconite wastes into Lake Superior is presented to illustrate the ramifications of decisions based on differing perspectives of the problem and its impacts by the courts, the affected public, RMC, and the regulatory agencies involved.     

The deep-ocean option for the disposal of sewage sludge

Summary Present methods of disposal of high-bulk low-toxicity wastes, such as sewage sludge, into shallow marine environments are beginning to be questioned by many environmentalists. The alternative options generally considered all have environmental costs. A novel approach of discharging such wastes as slurries into the deep ocean at depths of 4,000 m close to the abyssal sea bed is considered. Such disposal would fulfil all the criteria required by the Oslo Convention before dumping at sea can be permitted, in that it isolates the waste from Man's ambit and offers no threat to present or foreseeable uses of the ocean. It also seems to fulfil the criteria of the World Conservation Strategy, so long as the oxygen levels in the deep waters of the ocean are not reduced excessively. The improvements in the quality of coastal seas would offset the doubling in the economic cost of disposal.Dr Martin V. Angel is the Head of the Biological Oceanography Group at the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory. He serves on the Council of the WWF, UK and is a member of its Conservation Review Group. He is also a member of the IUCN Commission of Ecology, with particular interests in conservation of oceans and Antarctica. His professional expertise is in the ecology of deep-living pelagic organisms in the oceans but he is also an editor of a research journal,Progress in Oceanography and an external examiner for the Open University.     

Health cost of a nuclear waste repository,WIPP

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), the United States of America's first nuclear waste dumping site, has over the years generated a great deal of concern and controversy. The most sensitive aspect of this project is that it may impose serious health risks on future generations. The first leg of this project is about to be completed and at the time of writing the Department of Energy is planning to perform experiments with a small quantity of waste for operational demonstrations. If everything goes well, then towards the end of this decade large quantities of wastes will be transported to the site for disposal. This article reconsiders the health cost of this project from an economic perspective in light of recent developments in the field of social discounting. As in earlier studies, two cases of health risks are considered: total cancer and genetic deformity over a one million year cutoff period. The analysis shows that whereas ordinary discounting method wipes out the future health detriments, expressed in monetary terms, the modified discounting criterion retains a substantial proportion of such costs in economic analysis.     

Spatial and temporal distribution of illegal dumping sites in the nature protected area: the Ojców National Park,Poland

The existence of illegal dumping continues to be a worldwide problem, even in nature protected areas, and its distribution is not random. An understanding of the distribution of illegal dumping sites is crucial for the enhancement of effective waste management systems. Therefore, this study aims at a better understanding of spatial and temporal changes to illegal dumping sites in a nature protected area (the Ojców National Park) from 1994 to 2016. The most important spatial factors that control the distribution of illegal dumping sites were the distance from roads and from the field-forest edge. In the last two decades, the number of small dumping sites has increased, whereas the number of large illegal dumping sites has decreased. Moreover, this study presents a model of the potential occurrence of illegal dumping sites, which indicates places that should be under the control of the national park and of local authorities.     

A Paradigm of International Environmental Law: The Case for Controlling the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes

The production of large quantities of wastes globally has created a commercial activity involving the transfrontier shipments of hazardous wastes, intended to be managed at economically attractive waste-handling facilities located elsewhere. In fact, huge quantities of hazardous wastes apparently travel the world in search of “acceptable” waste management facilities. For instance, within the industrialized countries alone, millions of tonnes of potentially hazardous waste cross national frontiers each year on their way for recycling or to treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) because there is no local disposal capacity for these wastes, or because legal disposal or reuse in a foreign country may be more environmentally sound, or managing the wastes in the foreign country may be less expensive than at home. The cross-boundary traffic in hazardous wastes has lately been under close public scrutiny, however, resulting in the accession of several international agreements and laws to regulate such activities. This paper discusses and analyzes the most significant control measures and major agreements in this new commercial activity involving hazardous wastes. In particular, the discussion recognizes the difficulties with trying to implement the relevant international agreements among countries of vastly different socioeconomic backgrounds. Nonetheless, it is also noted that global environmental agreements will generally be a necessary component of ensuring adequate environmental protection for the world community—and thus a need for the careful implementation of such agreements and regulations.     

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL IN LAND1

Since the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962 there has been a rapidly growing public concern over widespread contamination of the environment with hazardous wastes. In recent years scientific findings on the ecological effects of various hazardous substances have posed several important questions. What exactly are hazardous wastes? Can these substances be disposed of in a technically feasible, economical, and safe way with assurance that they have been permanently eliminated from the ecosystem? What compositional alterations or movements of the hazardous wastes occur in water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air properties? Consequently, a University of Louisville study has developed a relevant definition of hazardous wastes for the Environmental Engineering profession together with priority of concern rating systems to delineate the degree of environmental impact imposed on a total ecosystem by a hazardous waste and the feasibility of disposing of hazardous substances at specific landfill sites. It is felt that refinements of the priority of concern rating systems offered here may provide a sound basis from which procedural decisions may be structured to establish future national hazardous waste disposal sites.     

Economic comparison of recycling over-ordered fresh concrete: A case study approach

Recycling of construction material helps save the limited landfill space. Among various types of materials, concrete waste accounts of about 50% of the total waste generation. Current off-site practices for ready mixed concrete batching plant generate a significant quantity of fresh concrete waste through over-order from construction sites. The use of concrete reclaimer is one of the methods to reclaim these concrete wastes, which separates coarse aggregate, sand and cement from fresh concrete. Although there are some concrete producers in Hong Kong providing concrete reclaimers in their plants, they are only used to flush and dilute the cement slurry from the concrete, which will still be ultimately send all to dumping areas. The reluctance of most concrete producers in reclaiming aggregate from the concrete waste is due to its high cost of treatment and lack of space around the plant. Therefore, this paper puts forth a scheme of economical considerations in recycling over-ordered concrete by concrete reclaimer. A comparative study on costs and benefits between the current practices and the proposed recycling plan is examined. The study shows that the costs of the current practices in dumping over-ordered fresh concrete waste to landfill areas are double that of the proposed aggregate recycling plan. Therefore, the adoption of concrete reclaimer in recycling the over-ordered fresh concrete can provide a cost-effective method for the construction industry and help saving the environment.     

准好氧填埋技术在城市垃圾处理中的应用

准好氧垃圾填埋技术在近年得到了国内外的广泛应用。其原理是将排气管与渗滤液收集管相通，利用自然通风，使外部空气因填埋场内微生物发酵产生的热量形成的热对流而通过排水管自然进入填埋场内。使填埋场内维持好氧状态，从而加快垃圾的分解，改善渗滤液水质，降低有害气体的发生量，极大的改善了填埋场周围的环境。     

我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年发展综述

综述了我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年的发展环境形势和发展概况;介绍了2013年国内工业固体、危险废物及生活垃圾的产生量和处理情况;阐述并分析了目前国内固体废物处理技术和设施的现状;就行业发展存在的主要问题提出了建议.