浅谈浸出车间的电气安全设计

本文对浸出车间的火灾危险性及防爆等级作了简要介绍,通过对相关规范及行业标准的理解,指出了浸出车间的电气系统设计、电气设备选型及安装使用方面应注意的问题,并对浸出车间的防雷、防静电、可燃气体报警及电气设备接地方面做了进一步说明。     

激光的特性与职业危害

对激光的特性及对人体组织的损伤进行了描述,特别是对眼睛、皮肤、皮下组织及内部器官的危害及防护办法作了介绍。     

消费品风险评价的伤害情景与三维矩阵集成方法

通过对比分析美国、欧盟及中国的消费品质量安全风险监管和评估现状,得出我国在消费品法律及标准、伤害监测与事故信息平台及公开、消费品风险辨识及评价程序等方面有待深化研究;基于2012年欧美等国家、地区对我国出口消费品的通报数据的统计分析,识别了主要消费品的隐患及危害类型,给出了伤害情景与三维矩阵集成的消费品风险评价方法,为消费品安全评价提供了新方法、新途径,并以婴儿车为例,进行了应用分析,检验了该方法的可行性。     

煤矿安全生产调度指挥信息系统及其应用

介绍了煤矿安全生产指挥信息系统的由来、组成、特点、功能及其效果与前景。该系统以对煤矿安全生产指挥决策信息支持为目的 ,集矿山安全、工况监测及生产调度信息的采集、实时传输处理、图像 /图形显示、图形和数据存储管理及输出为一体 ,已在平煤集团公司多个矿区安装使用 ,产生了较好的经济效益及社会效益。     

化工企业地震次生泄漏事故应急及无害化处理

通过对汶川地震后四川重灾区（成都、德阳、绵阳等地）化工企业的实际调研,积累了一些工程实例,并在此基础上重点介绍了震后化工企业次生泄漏情况及企业所采取的应急及无害化处理措施,针对这些实际情况分析了企业在应急及无害化处理过程中的成功与不足之处,提出了地震次生泄漏控制不足的原因,并针对存在的问题提出了一些泄漏扩散的控制及无害化处理技术,为减少地震化工企业次生灾害所造成的人员伤亡、财产损失及环境污染有重大意义。     

监狱大门门禁系统探讨

本文介绍了门禁系统的概念、功能及分类,简要介绍了虹膜识别在门禁系统中的应用。以实例详述了监狱大门门禁系统结构、功能及运行流程。     

料场膜封闭综合防尘技术及应用

介绍了一种新型的城市料场封闭综合防尘系统,分别从其结构形式、通风系统及抑尘系统等方面,阐述了其技术特点及优势。工程运用表明,该技术具备先进性、经济性及便捷性。     

基于ARM & Linux的嵌入式远程监控系统

研究了基于ARM的嵌入式远程监控系统。将嵌入式系统与互联网技术、现场总线技术相结合,采用ARM为主控芯片,并且移植了具有一定实时性、源代码公开的嵌入式系统Linux,并设计了必要的设备驱动程序及应用程序。完成信息处理、通讯及监控管理任务,以适应工业通信标准多样化的应用需求。实验表明了所提出系统及实现方法的正确性和可行性。     

燃煤锅炉改变燃料及燃烧方式出现的问题与对策

本文对随州地区多台燃煤锅炉改变燃料及燃烧方式进行调研,发现燃料及燃烧方式的改变造成锅炉严重磨损、腐蚀、侧烧、过烧及炉膛结构,废渣排放、烟气流向、受热布置等不适应燃料燃烧要求的现象。分析了一起因改变燃料（稻壳）及燃烧方式（悬浮燃烧）发生上锅筒撕开爆炸事故,同时对日常检验过程中发现的”改烧”锅炉检验案例进行了分析,提出了改变燃料及燃烧方式锅炉运行可靠性的对策措施,最后展望了生物质用于锅炉燃料的良好前景。     

厂内铁路、公路道口信号微机控制系统

介绍了铁路道口信号、公路交通信号并存出现矛盾时的一种解决方法及控制模式,就控制系统的组成、工作原理及特点作了论述,构成的系统具有一定的代表性。运行表明：解决了铁路道口信号与公路交通信号不兼容的问题,有效地保障了铁路道口区域过往车辆及行人的安全,取得了预期的效果。     

ZF_5-110型SF_6GIS组合电器的安全防护

介绍了SF_6组合电器中SF_6气体的物理性质、电气性质及有毒产物对人体伤害的影响。提出了SF_6设备的运行、试验、检修、事故处理、中毒急救等安全防护措施。     

正明矿穿层钻孔有效抽放半径的研究

钻孔有效抽放半径是矿井瓦斯抽放措施中的一个重要参数,直接关系到抽放钻孔的设计、布置以及抽放时间的长短。以气体渗流理论通过fluent6.3建立了钻孔瓦斯抽放流动模型,来模拟在抽放钻孔周围瓦斯的运移规律,确定抽放半径大概范围。结合现场考察,采用SF6示踪法通过对数据的测定及分析,最终得出正明矿4#煤瓦斯抽放钻孔的有效抽放半径与抽放时间之间的关系,为瓦斯抽放钻孔的合理布置提供了科学依据。同时也为其他煤矿抽放半径的确定提供了参考依据。     

数值模拟结合SF_6示踪法确定煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径

为准确确定煤层钻孔的瓦斯抽采有效半径,实现最优钻孔设计及最佳抽采效果,根据煤层瓦斯流动理论与煤岩体变形理论,建立钻孔抽采煤层瓦斯的气固耦合数学模型。并利用COMSOLMultiphysics软件,模拟SF6气体在瓦斯渗流场内的运移过程。利用SF6气体示踪法进行现场测试。依据相似定律,结合模拟与实测结果确定钻孔抽采有效半径的范围。以黄陵集团一号煤矿306工作面为例进行试验研究。试验结果表明,模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合;在钻孔直径为94 mm,抽采负压为15 kPa的条件下,预抽30天后,试验工作面抽采有效半径为5.88 m。     

An integrated framework to the predictive error analysis in emergency situation

This paper introduces an analysis framework and procedure to predictively analyze human errors in performing emergency tasks, which are mostly composed of cognitive activities, in nuclear power plants. The framework focuses on the cognitive errors and provides a new perspective in the utilization of context factors into cognitive error prediction. The basic viewpoint on the occurrence of cognitive error taken in this paper is that the cognitive function failures occur from the mismatch between operator's cognitive capability and the requirements of a given task and situational condition. In accordance with this viewpoint, performance influencing factors that influence the occurrence of human errors are classified into three groups, i.e. Performance Assisting Factors (PAF), Task Characteristic Factors (TCF), and Situational Factors (SF). This classification helps analysts view the overall task context in an integrative way by considering the level of PAF with the requirements of TCF and SF to predict the possibility of cognitive function failures. Further, it enables analysts to draw specific error reduction strategies. The framework suggested was applied to the analysis of cognitive error potential for the bleed and feed operation of emergency tasks in nuclear power plants.     

大倾角坚硬顶板综放面采空区漏风数值模拟

由于大倾角坚硬顶板煤层采空区地质条件复杂，漏风规律复杂多变，因而煤自燃危险性较大。利用SF6作为示踪气体对龙东煤矿7162工作面采空区和邻近采空区进行漏风检测，得到7162工作面采空区漏风的基本分布规律。采空区内的漏风出口主要是上隅角处后部的未压实巷道，最小漏风风速随深度的增加而减少，邻近采空区的漏风与煤柱完整程度及断层大小有关，最大漏风量占到正常总供风量的27%。根据漏风检测结果，利用Fluent软件对采空区漏风渗流场进行数值模拟，得到了采空区风压和风速分布规律，离工作面距离大于100 m的采空区内部几乎不存在漏风，保留煤柱的存在使风流更容易进入采空区内部。该研究成果为采空区煤炭自燃防治提供了科学指导。     

基于不同漏风源浅埋煤层采空区自燃“三带”分布规律研究*

为解决浅埋自燃煤层采空区因地表及工作面漏风而自燃的难题,以沙坪煤矿1818工作面为例,利用SF6示踪法检测采空区地表漏风通道和风速,利用FLUENT数值模拟分析不同漏风源采空区自燃“三带”分布的特征,并通过现场束管测试结果对比分析浅埋煤层采空区地表漏风对自燃“三带”分布的影响,同时限定工作面最小推进速度,确保工作面的安全生产。研究结果表明:地表漏风风速为0.06～0.30 m/s,漏风通道多且复杂;相比于工作面单一漏风源,有地表漏风存在时,自燃危险性加大;限定工作面最小推进速度为1.24 m/d。因此,多漏风源煤层开采条件下自燃“三带”分布的确定对浅埋藏自燃煤层采空区遗煤自燃预测预报及预防工作具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

基于位置误差概率模型的物流无人机安全间隔评估方法研究

针对未来多架物流无人机飞行在同一航线可能引起的安全冲突问题,提出规划无人机之间的安全间隔以规避运行风险.根据无人机在地面控制系统监控下的飞行特点,结合位置误差概率模型,综合考虑无人机定位误差、速度误差以及侧风的影响,依次建立无人机之间纵向、侧向和垂直方向的碰撞风险评估模型,并得出ICAO安全目标水平下的最小安全间隔.选...     

Work-related injuries among commercial janitors in Washington State,comparisons by gender

IntroductionWe analyzed workers' compensation (WC) data to identify characteristics related to workers' compensation claim outcomes among janitorial service workers in Washington State.MethodWe analyzed WC data from the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I) State Fund (SF) from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2013, for janitorial service workers employed in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Services Sector. We constructed multivariable models to identify factors associated with higher medical costs and increased time lost from work.ResultsThere were 2,390 janitorial service compensable claims available for analysis. There were significant differences in injury type and other factors by gender, age, and language preference. Linguistic minority status was associated with longer time loss and higher median medical costs. Women were estimated to account for 35% of janitorial service workers but made up 55% of the compensable claims in this study.ConclusionsJanitorial service workers comprise a large vulnerable occupational group in the U.S. workforce. Identifying differences by injury type and potential inequitable outcomes by gender and language is important to ensuring equal treatment in the workers' compensation process.Practical applicationsThere were significant differences in injury and individual characteristics between men and women in this study. Women had twice the estimated rate of injury to men, and were more likely to require Spanish language materials. Improving communication for training and knowledge about the workers' compensation system appear to be high priorities in this population of injured janitorial service workers.     

Effects of thickness profile and inner/outer of localized thin area defects on the remaining strength of pressure equipment

When encountering pressure equipment with a structural defect such as a local thinning defect (LTA), a critical question often arises regarding the safety of continued operation. This is primarily determined by the strength at the LTA zone, as it represents the weakest point of the structure. The remaining strength factor (RSF) is proposed as an indicator to evaluate the remaining strength and life of pressure equipment when a severe LTA is identified. The API 579/ASME FFS standard offers a series of practical engineering approaches for field engineers to follow, which have achieved great success. However, it has been found that the simpler Level 1 and Level 2 approaches sometimes fail to differentiate between LTAs on the inner or outer surface of the pressure equipment, yielding identical numerical processes and results. Moreover, the use of critical thickness profiles to replace the actual thickness profile in analysis can lead to overly optimistic estimation of the RSF, posing a potential danger when the RSF is close to the allowable limit. Key issues investigated in this study include: (a) discrepancies caused by the use of simplified critical thickness profiles or parabolic profiles, as API 579 suggested, on the RSF; (b) differences in RSFs when the same LTA is on the inner and outer wall; and (c) comparisons of membrane stress and bending stress, as well as their influences on the RSF at the cross-section of the vessel wall. It can be concluded with certainty that all simplified geometries (CTP and PTP) tend to underestimate the RSF and should be used with caution. Additionally, the actual remaining strength of the outer LTA was found to be slightly lower than that of the inner LTA of identical size. Therefore, when remaining life and derating for prolonged operation are of interest, finite element analysis on pressure equipment with the LTA is recommended.     

钨钴硬质合金职业接触者血清KL-6水平的分析

为了探讨硬质合金职业接触及相关因素对劳动者血清KL-6水平的影响,选取硬质合金接触组407名劳动者,非硬质合金作业的对照组297名劳动者,对所有研究对象进行基本信息问卷调查,检测各岗位钨、钴浓度,竞争法酶联免疫吸附实验检测研究对象血清KL-6水平。结果表明:接触硬质合金粉尘可增加外周血清KL-6水平;钴可能是硬质合金粉尘致肺损伤的主要危害因素;年龄、吸烟对血清KL-6水平无显著影响;饮酒可增加硬质合金粉尘接触者KL-6水平。