The evolution of phosphorus metabolism model in China

It is important to analyze why phosphorus metabolism is unsustainable in China's modern industrial society. In this paper, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) approach is used to build different models of phosphorus metabolism for the following three periods: the prehuman period, traditional agricultural period and modern industrial period. Based on these models, the evolution process of phosphorus metabolism in China is analyzed from the viewpoint of its metabolic structure and intensity. The indices of intensity analysis involve phosphorus input, phosphorus circulation and recycling efficiency, phosphorus production and production efficiency, water phosphorus emission and water emission proportion, solid waste phosphorus output and solid waste discharge proportion. Through the analysis of the evolution process, the key factors that cause the lack of sustainability of phosphorus metabolism in China are identified, which can be summarized by four aspects: the increase of soil phosphorus accumulation, the increase of water phosphorus emission, the decrease of recycling efficiency and the decrease of production efficiency in croplands. Furthermore, the specific unsustainable processes of phosphor resources utilization in China are discussed. For these unsustainable processes, the relevant solutions for the phosphor resources crisis are given.     

棕背平的生态习性及综合防治技术

本文记述了棕背平的形态特征、生态习性和危害特征,根据大量调查试验和总结最新研究成果,制定了棕背平综合防治技术规范,以指导本市鼠害防治.     

SPE—HPLC法分离偏二甲基耕在大鼠血中代谢产物

目的：建立偏二甲基耕在大鼠血中代谢产物的SPE－HPLC分离法。方法：以气管插入法染毒大鼠，心脏采血法收集染毒前后的血液做自身对照，用固相萃取法进行样品预处理，HPLC做梯度洗脱分析。结果：建立了偏二甲基肼在大鼠血中代谢产物的SPE－HPLC分离法。结论：采用目前的SPE－HPLC法分离偏二甲基耕在大鼠血中代谢产物的效果良好。     

Protein that makes sense in the Argentine ant

With a protein-based approach, we have identified and cloned the cDNA encoding a chemosensory protein (LhumCSP) in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. The open reading frame of the cloned cDNA encoded a signal peptide (20 residues), and a mature protein (pI 4.62) of 106 amino acid residues. The calculated molecular mass (12,453 Da) was in agreement with the molecular mass measured by on-line chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (12,448 Da), given the formation of two disulfide bridges. LhumCSP shared sequence similarity with various CSPs, particularly those identified and/or cloned from moth species. Also, LhumCSP showed the hallmark of the chemosensory proteins, i.e., four well conserved cysteine residues. The antennal protein was not detected in non-olfactory tissues (leg and thorax) contrary to a putative pheromone-binding protein isolated from the thorax of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. In addition, these findings suggest that, as in Orthopterans and Phasmids, the protein that makes sense in the Argentine ant is not an odorant-binding protein, but rather a chemosensory protein.     

高野豆腐等对大白鼠中二噁英类的排泄作用研究

通过投给大白鼠二噁英类(1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD和2,3,7,8-TeCDD),并喂食高野豆腐、酵素处理的高野豆腐、水溶性食物纤维等,对二噁英类从其粪便中的排泄和体内蓄积的抑制进行了研究.研究结果表明高野豆腐制品比水溶性食物纤维能更有效地促进二噁英类从粪便中排泄,更有效地抑制其在肝脏中的蓄积.     

Seasonal changes in eicosanoid metabolism in the brown bear

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert several important functions across organ systems. During winter, hibernators divert PUFAs from oxidation, retaining them in their tissues and membranes, to ensure proper body functions at low body temperature. PUFAs are also precursors of eicosanoids with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated seasonal changes in eicosanoid metabolism of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos). By using a lipidomic approach, we assessed (1) levels of specific omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids involved in the eicosanoid cascade and (2) concentrations of eicosanoids in skeletal muscle and blood plasma of winter hibernating and summer active bears. We observed significant seasonal changes in the specific omega-3 and omega-6 precursors. We also found significant seasonal alterations of eicosanoid levels in both tissues. Concentrations of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, such as thromboxane B2, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), and 15-HETE and 18-HETE, were significantly lower in muscle and/or plasma of hibernating bears compared to summer-active animals. Further, plasma and muscle levels of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), as well as muscle concentration of 8,9-EET, tended to be lower in bears during winter hibernation vs. summer. We also found lower plasma levels of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, such as 15dPGJ₂ and PGE₃, in bears during winter hibernation. Despite of the limited changes in omega-3 and omega-6 precursors, plasma and muscle concentrations of the products of all pathways decreased significantly, or remained unchanged, independent of their pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that hibernation in bears is associated with a depressed state of the eicosanoid cascade.     

四溴双酚A的鲫鱼血清蛋白生物标志物研究

以鲫鱼为供试生物,对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的急性毒性、血清蛋白潜在生物标志物以及相应的毒性靶器官组织病理进行了研究,结果表明TBBPA对鲫鱼96 h的半致死浓度LC50是3.13 mg/L,TBBPA诱导下鲫鱼血清蛋白可区分为11个组分,各组分随时间和浓度的变化规律存在差异。组分11条带清晰,表达量变化幅度最大,在低浓度TBBPA暴露下表达量先降低后升高,第16天达到最高;高浓度时表达量在第2天达到最高。组分11的分子量为24 kDa,可能为鲫鱼斯坦尼小体(CS)中降血钙因子的解聚物。组织病理切片结果显示,鲫鱼肝脏和肾脏均表现出时间-剂量依赖性,且与组分11的诱导差异性表达呈现相应的病理损伤。因此,鲫鱼血清蛋白组分11对TBBPA的诱导具有浓度和时间响应敏感性,且易于识别和鉴定,可作为TBBPA暴露的鲫鱼血清蛋白潜在生物标志物。     

大气飘尘对大鼠肺细胞的毒性比较

采用大白鼠气管内注入飘尘后分析肺灌洗液的方法，比较了上海不同地区飘尘对大鼠肺细胞的毒性；再运用毒性指数及效应指数，综合评价了上海市不同地区大气飘尘污染的状况。研究表明：从肺灌洗液的生化成份分析及细胞分类显示，以彭浦新村、隆昌路平凉路、康定路胶州路３个点的飘尘毒性较大。综合评价结果，彭浦新村的效应指数最大，以后依次为康定路胶州路、鲁班路斜土路、青云路、隆昌路平凉路等。