超临界水氧化法处理固体废物的研究进展

超临界水氧化法作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景,该方法在处理固体废物方面具有独特的优势。介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化法的反应机理及超临界水氧化法在固体废物处理方面的应用现状,提出了该方法要达到工业化应用亟待解决的理论和实际问题,对超临界水氧化法的发展方向进行了展望。     

超临界水氧化法水处理技术进展

介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化法水处理技术的原理与工艺流程;着重论述了催化剂在超临界水氧化法中的应用,以及在超临界状态下材料的腐蚀研究现状;展望了这一新型水处理技术的发展前景。     

废水中氨氮湿式空气氧化和超临界水氧化研究进展

湿式空气氧化法(WAO)和超临界水氧化法（SCWO)废水处理技术近年已有广泛研究。当催化剂存在于氧化体系时,不仅能降低反应温度、压力,而且可提高废水中有害物质的降解效率。介绍了氨的湿式空气氧化和超临界水氧化催化剂应用的研究进展、各种催化剂在超临界水中的稳定性能及氨的催化超临界水氧化情况。     

超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物

介绍了超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物的基本原理，工艺流程和应用实例及使用范围，对比分析了超临界水氧化法与焚烧法处理有机污染物的技术特点，经济实用性，指明了超临界水氧化法作为一种有效的有机污染物处理方法，在化工环保等领域将具有广阔的应用前景。     

超临界水氧化装置氧化有机氯化物

超临界水氧化装置氧化有机氯化物ＣｈｅｍｉｅａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，１００［１２］，１７（１９９３）首座工业规模的超临界水氧化装置将在美国得克萨斯州的迪尔帕克建成。这座耗资６Ｍ美元、处理能力为５０００ｇａｌ／ｄ的装置可以处理多种污染物，包括废水中的...     

信息与动态

CO2捕集工艺进入工业化试验;超临界水裂解渣油;纳米孔穴改善TiO2的光吸收性;美国DowCorning公司承担“废物变能源”项目。     

国外动态

超临界二氧化碳和水微乳液处理危险废物ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ ,2 0 0 2 ,10 9( 5 ) :19　　ＬｏｓＡｌａｍｏｓ国家实验室正在开发一种超临界二氧化碳和水微乳液工艺 ,用于去除混合废物中的放射性物质和有害金属。含有放射性物质的废物的处理费用一般约为 2万美元 /桶 ,而采用该超临界技术将有害金属去除可降低其处理费用。试验中 ,在温度为 4 5℃和压力为17 5～ 2 4 5ＭＰａ条件下用超临界二氧化碳和水微乳液将废物中 99%的铜和铕 (一种放射性代用品 )去除。金属在二氧化碳中是不溶解的 ,而仅用水时 ,只有当水的用量很…     

焦化废水的超临界水氧化处理方法及装置

正该专利涉及一种焦化废水的超临界水氧化处理方法及装置。具体方法如下:将焦化废水及双氧水加入反应釜中,在300~500℃、16~28 MPa的搅拌条件下反应1~5 min;反应完成后,分别收集气体及液体产物,从而实现焦化废水的净化。该专利采用超临界水氧化法处理焦化废水,以双氧水作为氧化剂,将焦化废水与双氧水在反应釜中进行加温、加压反应,可高效去除焦化废水中的COD、挥发酚、总氰化物和苯并(α)芘等有毒有害污染     

超临界水氧化技术发展现状及展望

介绍了超临界水氧化法的研究现状与进展，阐述了其原理、特点、工艺流程及反应器，并对其应用领域做了重点描述，指出了其应用中存在的主要问题及今后的研究方向。     

废水中难降解有机物的高级氧化技术

综述了近年来废水难降解有机污染物的高级氧化处理技术,主要包括化学氧化、电化学氧化、湿空气氧化、超临界水氧化及光催化氧化技术等。介绍了各种处理技术的基本原理及研究进展,并对其特点进行了评述。     

Reactions of model compounds of phenol resin in sub- and supercritical water under an argon atmosphere

Model compounds of phenol resin were reacted in sub- and supercritical water to clarify the mechanism of the decomposition reaction of plastics in water. Cleavage reaction of methylene bonds was confirmed in the reactions of model compounds of phenol resin such as bis(hydroxyphenyl)methanes in sub- and supercritical water under an Ar atmosphere, although the methylene bond was stable in thermal reactions. It was also confirmed that sub- and supercritical water played important roles not only as a stable solvent thermally, but also as a chemical reagent. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 14, 2000     

Recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic using supercritical and subcritical fluids

The recycling of waste plastics is important for the prevention of the exhaustion of fossil resources. In this paper, recycling techniques of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) using supercritical and subcritical fluids were reviewed. The matrix resin of CFRP such as epoxy resin or resol resin was decomposed by supercritical and subcritical fluids, and the carbon fiber without thermal damage was recovered from CFRP. Mainly, water or alcohol was used as decomposition medium.     

Feasibility investigation on a dual waste-plastics recycling system concept

Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) were first used as a material for boats and bath tubs about 40 years ago. Because of their great durability, wastes including FRP products are increasing. In addition, since the FRP resin is synthesized from expensive reactants, material recycling is highly desirable. Recycling using supercritical water is one solution; however, the cost of producing the high pressure and temperature needed to produce supercritical water prevents the concept from being realized. Therefore, we proposed a system concept based on dual waste-plastics recycling. A numerical survey of the results confirmed that our concept was feasible and would contribute to resource recycling as we expected. Received: January 6, 1998 / Accepted: July 23, 1999     

Experimental study of the bio-oil production from sewage sludge by supercritical conversion process

Environment-friendly treatment of sewage sludge has become tremendously important. Conversion of sewage sludge into energy products by environment-friendly conversion process, with its energy recovery and environmental benefits, is being paid significant attention. Direct liquefaction of sewage sludge into bio-oils with supercritical water (SCW) was therefore put forward in this study, as de-water usually requiring intensive energy input is not necessary in this direct liquefaction. Supercritical water may act as a strong solvent and also a reactant, as well as catalyst promoting reaction process. Experiments were carried out in a self designed high-pressure reaction system with varying operating conditions. Through orthogonal experiments, it was found that temperature and residence time dominated on bio-oil yield compared with other operating parameters. Temperature from 350 to 500 °C and reaction residence time of 0, 30, 60 min were accordingly investigated in details, respectively. Under supercritical conversion, the maximum bio-oil yield could achieve 39.73%, which was performed at 375 °C and 0 min reaction residence time. Meanwhile, function of supercritical water was concluded. Fuel property analysis showed the potential of bio-oil application as crude fuel.     

Recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards by supercritical water pre-treatment combined with acid leaching process

Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain a large number of metals such as Cu, Sn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Mn. In this work, an efficient and environmentally friendly process for metals recovery from waste PCBs by supercritical water (SCW) pre-treatment combined with acid leaching was developed. In the proposed process, waste PCBs were pre-treated by SCW, then the separated solid phase product with concentrated metals was subjected to an acid leaching process for metals recovery. The effect of SCW pre-treatment on the recovery of different metals from waste PCBs was investigated. Two methods of SCW pre-treatment were studied: supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water depolymerization (SCWD). Experimental results indicated that SCWO and SCWD pre-treatment had significant effect on the recovery of different metals. SCWO pre-treatment was highly efficient for enhancing the recovery of Cu and Pb, and the recovery efficiency increased significantly with increasing pre-treatment temperature. The recovery efficiency of Cu and Pb for SCWO pre-treatment at 420 °C was 99.8% and 80%, respectively, whereas most of the Sn and Cr were immobilized in the residue. The recovery of all studied metals was enhanced by SCWD pre-treatment and increased along with pre-treatment temperature. Up to 90% of Sn, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Mn could be recovered for SCWD pre-treatment at 440 °C.     

高级氧化技术降解环烷酸的研究进展

针对原油及油砂洗脱废水中的环烷酸所具有的酸性、毒性、腐蚀性等特点,介绍了多种降解环烷酸的高级氧化技术,包括Fenton氧化法、臭氧氧化法、光催化氧化法、超临界氧化法、微波辐照法等。评述了高级氧化技术降解环烷酸的最新进展和发现,分析了各种技术的处理效果,并总结了各种技术的优缺点。最后,提出了处理石油行业环烷酸废水的一些思路,为现阶段石油行业环烷酸废水的处理提供了参考。