浅谈资源循环利用产业技术标准创新路径

产业技术标准化工作模式创新,是促进战略性新兴产业健康有序发展的必然选择。对资源循环利用产业特征和联盟组织制定技术标准过程中面临的问题进行梳理和分析,简述了实施创新驱动发展战略的工作思路,阐述了产业技术标准创新必须走软环境建设暨制度建设路径的理由。     

工业和信息化部确定第一批工业循环经济重大示范工程

为推动工业领域循环经济发展,加快形成资源循环利用产业模式,工业和信息化部于2011年组织开展了工业循环经济重大示范工程推荐申报工作。经对各地区上报的备选示范工程进行评审和论证,确定了第一批23项工业循环经济重大示范工程。     

国家发展改革委办公厅关于开展第二批再制造试点验收工作的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市发展改革委（经信委）,各第二批再制造试点企业,有关单位：为贯彻落实《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》,推进我国再制造产业发展,2013年,我委组织开展了第二批再制造试点,在全国范围内选择了28家基础较好的单位,探索再制造产业发展的政策、管理制度和监管体系,为建立再制造相关技术标准、市场准入条件、流通监管体系等提供经验。试点期为3年,目前已经到期。为总结试点经验,根据《关于确定第二批再制造试点的通知》（发改办环资[2013]506号）的要求,我委将组织开展第二批再制造试点验收工作。现就有关事项通知如下：     

园区循环化改造的目标特征与效果评价

工业(产业)园区经过多年的发展探索,已经逐渐超越经济技术开发区、技术产业园等传统园区建设模式,向能够顺应经济社会绿色循环发展需求的循环型的生态工业(产业)园区发展。当前,生态工业(产业)园区的表现形式是多重多样的,但是其发展实质上都是系统地运用循环经济思想来组织企业或生产单元,在共生层次上实现园区物质、能源和信息的循环利用。循环园区是一个由经济、环境、社会等多个因子组成的复杂系统。若采用一个或少数几个指标很难全面、客观地反映园区的发展状况及未来趋势,因此,综合诸多学者的前期研究成果,结合我国正在开展的园区循环化改造的工作实际,分别提出了园区循环化改造的典型特征和评价园区循环化程度的指标体系。     

工业和信息化部办公厅关于公布通过验收的机电产品再制造试点单位名单(第二批)的通知(工信厅节函[2020]300号)

为进一步提升机电产品再制造技术水平,推动再制造产业发展壮大,根据《关于做好机电产品再制造试点验收工作的通知》要求,我部组织对相关机电产品再制造试点单位进行了验收。现将有关事项通知如下:一、经试点单位自评估、省级工业和信息化主管部门(或中央企业)现场核查和验收评审、专家复核论证、网上公示,确定中国铁建重工集团有限公司等36家企业为第二批通过验收的机电产品再制造试点单位(名单详见附件)。     

国家发展改革委办公厅关于组织开展绿色产业示范基地建设的通知

正发改办环资[2020]519号各省、自治区、直辖市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委:坚实的产业基础和技术支撑是加强生态文明建设、推动绿色发展、建设美丽中国的重要保障。为搭建绿色发展促进平台,不断提高绿色产业发展水平,现就组织开展绿色产业示范基地建设有关要求通知如下:     

工业和信息化部科学技术部财政部关于印发《再生有色金属产业发展推进计划》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、副省级省会城市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化、科技、财政主管部门,有关中央企业: 为规范、引导再生有色金属产业发展,结合贯彻落实<有色金属产业调整和振兴规划>,工业和信息化部、科学技术部、财政部联合组织编制了<再生有色金属产业发展推进计划>.现印发你们,请遵照实施.     

关于做好2022年家电生产企业回收目标责任制行动有关工作的通知(发改办产业[2022]424号)

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委、工业和信息化主管部门、生态环境厅(局):为畅通和优化家电生产流通消费和回收利用渠道,促进家电更新消费,推动落实《关于鼓励家电生产企业开展回收目标责任制行动的通知》(发改产业[2021]1102号),经各地报送和专家组评估,现确定6家开展2022年回收目标责任制行动的企业(名单及申报回收目标见附件),并就相关工作通知如下:请山东省、广东省、四川省、青岛市发展改革委、工业和信息化主管部门、生态环境厅(局)组织企业参照专家评估意见,围绕工作思路、具体可达的任务目标、推进实施中的重点项目等,继续完善目标责任制行动方案,强化组织保障、技术支撑、信息服务,做好目标责任制行动工作,优化废旧家电回收平台体系建设。     

节能与综合利用司组织召开“十三五”机电产品再制造产业发展思路研讨会

<正>为加快推进工业绿色发展,谋划"十三五"机电产品再制造产业发展思路,2015年9月25日,节能与综合利用司在京组织召开了"十三五"机电产品再制造产业发展思路研讨会,装甲兵工程学院、中国内燃机工业协会等有关高校、行业协会及部分再制造企业参加会议。会上,节能与综合利用司高云虎司长介绍了落实《中国制造2025》、推进绿色制造的有关工作情况。他强调,再制造产业是绿色制造的典型形式,对于落实生态文明建设要求具有重要意义。他指出,"十三五"推     

资源循环利用与产业融合

世界的生产方式正在由大规模生产转到规模化定制阶段,网络化、扁平化成为新趋势。要实现企业转型和绿色发展,降低成本,节能减排,促进经济和组织结构的转变,不仅仅需要产业自身的进步和发展,还需要不同产业的融合与协作。深入分析自身产业的比较优势,利用好相关产业的优秀生产要素,并且以灵活而科学的纽带有机结合,使之更全面更高效地发挥作用,是资源循环界需要深入研究的重要课题。     

Synthesis and identification of graft copolymers of wood pulp and styrene

Based on the graft copolymerization reactions of lignin and vinyl monomers, a series of graft copolymers of wood pulp and styrene (1-phenylethene) has been synthesized. The wood pulps used in this research are unbleached products produced by chemical, thermal, and mechanical pulping. All of them contain a high content of lignin (25–29 wt%). The grafting reaction is a free radical polymerization coinitiated by calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and wood pulp in dimethylsulfoxide at 30°C. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amount of the reactants on the conversion of monomer, yield of product, weight increase of pulp, and grafting efficiency of monomer has been studied. The grafted wood pulp was separated from homopolystyrene formed during the reaction by extraction of the reaction product with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for at least 48 h. The results show that after the reaction, the weight of all wood pulps was significantly increased and the weight increase of very high yield sodium bisulfite pulp (VHYS) was 333%. This proves that a part of the polymerized styrene was chemically bound to the wood pulp. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the extracted products show absorbance peaks characteristic of both wood and polystyrene and, thus, provide strong proof of grafting. Grafting has completely changed the surface properties of the starting wood pulp from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and under ordinary thermal compression conditions, thermoplastic composite objects of good uniformity can be made directly from reaction products which contain up to 52 wt% wood pulp.     

浅议碳排放与废钢铁的节能减排功效

二氧化碳是导致全球气候变暖、人类生存环境恶化的主要原因。简要介绍世界钢铁工业二氧化碳排放情况,针对我国钢铁工业碳排放的具体情况,提出发展我国废钢产业,提高废钢铁的供应能力,是我国钢铁工业摆脱危机,实现低碳发展、绿色发展的主要途径。     

Fate and effect of linuron and metribuzin on the co-composting of green waste and sewage sludge

The fate and effect of the herbicides linuron and metribuzin on the co-composting of sewage sludge and green waste were addressed in this work. The experiments were conducted in metal cubic containers of 1.0 m³ volume simulating a windrow composting system. A mixture of sludge and green waste was prepared at a ratio of 1:5 v/v. The mixture was split in four equal parts and the two herbicides were added, using a pressure sprayer, as sole or mixed pollutant in each of the three mixtures. The forth mixture was composted without any addition of herbicide, to serve as control. Temperature, physicochemical characteristics, herbicide concentration, carbon dioxide emission, methane emission and microbiological parameters were measured either daily or every time the mixtures were turned, for a period of 80 days. Both herbicides’ concentration decreased significantly resulting in removal efficiencies of 99.1–99.7% and 95.8–96.0% for linuron and metribuzin, respectively. Incubation of microbiologically inactive mixtures at a temperature schedule following the spontaneous temperature evolution in the composters resulted in very little (1–11%) decomposition for both herbicides. Comparison of the variation of physicochemical parameters and microbial populations during composting indicated that both herbicides did not affect the composting process.     

资源循环科学与工程专业课程体系优化与教学内容创新实践的探索

针对资源循环科学与工程本科专业课程教学,以西安建筑科技大学该专业课程体系为案例,通过对毕业生和专业研讨会调研,分析了课程体系建设的现状和存在的问题。借鉴其他高校资源专业的课程体系和教学内容,通过梳理各门专业课程的教学内容和相互联系,构建了资源专业课程体系课程群,探索了课程体系优化的方法和增加创新实践环节的具体措施。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

我国废旧电子电器产品拆解技术、设备应用现状及改进建议

从我国废旧电子电器回收行业基本情况、专业技术人才情况、相关企业拆解技术设备情况等方面,阐述了我国废旧电子电器产品拆解技术、设备应用现状,并提出相关改进提升建议。     

电子废弃物的再循环利用:企业、政府与公众的角色和责任

电子废弃物不仅种类繁多,而且成分复杂,含有多种有毒、有害物质,已成为固体废物中最大的重金属污染源.长期以来,由于对电子废弃物问题缺乏足够认识和有效管理,电子废弃物对人体健康及生活环境可能构成的危害常常被忽视.实现电子废弃物的再循环利用,关键是明确企业、政府和公众在电子产品设计、生产、消费、回收、处置和再利用整个过程中的相关责任.因此,解决电子废弃物的问题,首先要对相关行为主体的角色进行准确定位.     

TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Norway Spruce and Eucalyptus Pulps: Preparation and Characterization of Nanofibers and Nanofiber Dispersions

This study deals with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of cellulose. Softwood and hardwood pulp fibers were suspended in water and oxidized to various extents at pH 10 and 22 °C using sodium hypochlorite in the presence of TEMPO radical and sodium bromide. This reaction system is known to be the most efficient one for the introduction of both surface carboxyl and aldehyde groups. Important relationships between formation of these functional groups and the fibrillation yield, light transmittance of the water dispersions and degree of polymerization of the oxidized softwood and hardwood pulps were established in the present study. A birefringence test confirmed the presence of nanofibers which according to atomic force microscopy analyses had diameters in the 1.6–3.8 nm range.     

炼油废水处理的现状、问题及对策

针对原油性质日趋恶劣、排放标准日益严格的形势,介绍了炼油废水的处理现状,分析了炼油废水在达标排放、处理回用、运行成本等方面面临的主要问题,提出了从源头挖掘节水减排潜力、实施装置排水分级控制与高浓度废水预处理、对废水处理场进行适度改造和补充完善、开发含盐废水处理技术等对策。     

Laboratory Experiments and Estimation of Cumulative Infiltration and Sorptivity

Soil water cumulative infiltration affects the environment by controlling the irrigation rate and consequently the water and pollutants movement through the ground. In order to study the cumulative infiltration in a sandy soil sample, experiments were performed in the laboratory. The sample was placed uniformly in a transparent column with an inner diameter of 6 cm. A constant head boundary condition of a 2 mm height was applied on the surface of the sample and the cumulative volume of the incoming water was measured. Soil moisture at four locations of the column was measured, by using the TDR method in order to obtain the moisture profiles. By comparing the values of the infiltrated water volumes with those calculated by the integration of the moisture profiles, a good agreement was found out. Also the Parlange theoretical model fitted very well with the infiltration experimental points.