土地人口承载量研究中的几个问题

土地人口承载量研究是协调国民经济发展的重要内容。在这项以土地第一性生产为基础的多层次研究中,土地资源数量与开发利用前景是人口承载量的基础,同时亦应把保持良好生态系统作为估算土地人口承载量的前提条件。人口承载量也是一个受时间、环境条件制约的变量,所以必须考虑技术经济因素进步对提高土地生产力与人口负荷量的影响。为了取得土地人口承载量与社会协调发展,应采取控制人口,提高土地生产力,开拓新的土地利用领域,建立合理的人口流动方案与区际间的协调发展平衡。     

铜川新区建设生态城市发展模式研究

以可持续发展为指导思想，结合生态城市的内涵，提出城乡一体化和生态生产的城市发展思路，建立了土地容量与人口适宜容量数学模型。根据铜川新区具有的自然优势，从自然—社会—经济复合生态角度，针对铜川新区的土地容量与人口适宜容量，探讨了将铜川新区建设成为一个环境优美、人口适宜的生态城市的发展模式。     

挑战荒漠化

地球1／3的土地，约40亿公顷。正面临着荒漠化的威胁，逾25亿人口深受其害，还有至少100个国家的10多亿人口受到荒漠化的威胁。     

西部大开发中的水土保持与生态保护

我国西部土地资源优势突出，但由于人口增长、植被毁坏、不合理利用土地等原因，水土流失严重。应退耕还林还草，制订相应措施和政策，在西部开发中保持水土，实现生态环境的综合整治。     

香港拟填海增加土地供应将进行公众咨询

据资料显示，到2039年，香港人口预计将由目前的710万增加至890万，然而另一方面，香港土地供应却日趋紧张。因此香港特区政府计划在维港以外填海，以增加土地供应。为此，特区政府将进行公众咨询。     

西藏自治区的土地、粮食和人口

本文讨论了西藏自治区土地系统、农业发展、人口增长和它们之间的相互关系。指出西藏土地类型复杂多样,极少土地能用于种植业,单位产量亦不高。人均占有粮食不足300kg,若干牧区不足50kg。粮食生产不能满足人口增长的需求。这种趋势在今后30年内仍将继续下去。 为了解决土地—粮食—人口三者之间关系的不协调,需采取若干切实措施。文中亦强调人口控制的必要。     

试论矿区土地复垦法规建设与管理

资源、环境与人口问题是困扰全球发展的三大要素。矿产资源的开采为国民经济的发展提供了重要的原材料和能源，同时，也占用、破坏了大量农田。为减缓矿业开发与土地保护的矛盾，土地复垦是切实可行的办法。为使我加土地复垦走上规范化、法制化轨道，应切实制定并实施土地复垦法规，从政策法规的角度，探讨对矿区土地复垦的保证。继而对我国实施可持续局长战略作出重要贡献。     

土地人口承载力计算方法综述

随着人们对土地人口承载力的日益关注,国内外涌现出大量关于土地人口承载力的研究方法。文章将土地人口承载力的计算方法归纳为两大类：生产潜力推算法和直接计算法,并进一步总结了包含在这两大类中的多种计算方法;通过图表的方式比较分析了这些方法的适用范围、优点及局限性;指出了当前土地人口承载力研究中存在的一些问题;对其今后研究的发展趋势做了进一步的展望,最后,提出了深化研究的几点建议,即加强土地人口承载力的过程研究、预警研究、多因子要素研究和各类型区研究。     

建筑本底绿化 改善居住环境

近年来，随着城市人口剧增，住宅愈来愈密集，多高层住宅大量涌现，一幢幢钢筋水泥的建筑挤满了我们周围的每一寸土地。虽然通过房地产的综合开发，     

区域矿产资源承载能力分析几个问题的探讨

资源承载能力主要探讨人口与资源的关系。本文对矿产资源承载能力的内涵进行了探讨，对矿产资源承载能力与土地承载能力的不同进行了分析，并从资源人口承载能力和资源经济承载能力两个方面对矿产资源承载能力分析方法进行了研究，并以实例作了说明。     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.