光纤ZnO薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

实验利用射频磁控溅射镀膜工艺，分别在光纤和石英玻璃上成功制备了ZnO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和荧光分光光度计对薄膜进行了测试分析，并对其光催化降解苯酚的性能进行了对比测试。结果表明，该薄膜具有良好的C轴取向性，光致发光峰分别位于362nm、421nm和486nm附近，且随着薄膜样品晶粒的减小而出现蓝移，光纤上ZnO薄膜的光催化能力是以石英玻璃为基底的ZnO薄膜的1．93倍，光催化效果显著。     

纳米复合ZnO-TiO2晶体的制备及其光电催化性能研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了纳米复合半导体ZnO—TiO2薄膜，并进行了结构和光电催化性能的测试。TiO2薄膜对五氯酚溶液的光电催化降解结果表明：当输入正向偏压后，其光催化性能有较大提高。由于ZnO的掺入，半导体薄膜电极的光吸收能力增强；同时，Zn^2 可能作为光生载流子的浅俘获中心，导致表面界面电荷转移加速，从而延长光生电子／空穴对的寿命并抑制其复合，有效地提高了TiO2薄膜光电催化活性。     

纳米复合ZnO-TiO2晶体的制备及其光电催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米复合半导体ZnO-TiO2薄膜,并进行了结构和光电催化性能的测试.TiO2薄膜对五氯酚溶液的光电催化降解结果表明当输入正向偏压后,其光催化性能有较大提高.由于ZnO的掺入,半导体薄膜电极的光吸收能力增强;同时,Zn2+可能作为光生载流子的浅俘获中心,导致表面界面电荷转移加速,从而延长光生电子/空穴对的寿命并抑制其复合,有效地提高了TiO2薄膜光电催化活性.     

纳米TiO2薄膜在不同陶瓷表面的负载及其光催化性能研究

利用2种不同表面处理的陶瓷作为载体,用溶胶凝胶法在其表面进行了纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的负载.采用X射线衍射法(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对薄膜的粒径、横断面及表面组成进行了表征和分析,结果表明,TiO2的平均粒径约为15 nm,釉面陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布均匀,膜厚约为300 nm;无釉陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布不均,膜层不明显;2种载体中的一些基质离子在TiO2薄膜有渗透.苯酚的降解实验表明,以2种不同表面处理的陶瓷为载体的TiO2薄膜对苯酚的降解均符合一级反应动力学,就催化活性而言,TiO2/釉面陶瓷＞TiO2/无釉陶瓷,分析认为基质渗透的Ca2 有降低TiO2光催化活性的作用;该薄膜对实际生产多菌灵废水具有催化降解作用.重复降解实验20次,TiO2/釉面陶瓷和TiO2/无釉陶瓷对苯酚的去除率仅分别降低9%和6%.     

ZnO在光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料领域中应用研究

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为起始原料,采用非水解溶胶—凝胶法合成ZnO光催化剂,并对其进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝为光催化反应的模型化合物,考察了ZnO光催化剂的紫外光催化活性,探索了清除剂(异丙醇、草酸铵、对苯醌、H2O2酶)对ZnO紫外光催化活性的影响。结果表明,此方法制备的ZnO具有良好的光催化性能,光照1h,ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝的脱色率达到84.1%;而同样条件下,TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的脱色率为73.8%。     

纳米TiO2薄膜在不同陶瓷表面的负载及其光催化性能研究

利用2种不同表面处理的陶瓷作为载体，用溶胶凝胶法在其表面进行了纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的负载。采用X射线衍射法（XRD）、X射线光电于能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电镜（SEM）对薄膜的粒径、横断面及表面组成进行了表征和分析，结果表明，TiO2的平均粒径约为15nm，釉面陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布均匀，膜厚约为300nm；无釉陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布不均，膜层不明显；2种载体中的一些基质离子在TiO2薄膜有渗透。苯酚的降解实验表明，以2种不同表面处理的陶瓷为载体的TiO2薄膜对苯酚的降解均符合一级反应动力学，就催化活性而言，TiO2／釉面陶瓷〉TiO2／无釉陶瓷，分析认为基质渗透的Ca^2＋有降低TiO2光催化活性的作用；该薄膜对实际生产多菌灵废水具有催化降解作用。重复降解实验20次，TiO2／釉面陶瓷和TiO2／无釉陶瓷对苯酚的去除率仅分别降低9％和6％。     

环境污染与防治 网络版论文摘要

水相、泥相中混合及单一菌株对菲的微生物降解;复合纳米SnO2／ZnO光催化降解对甲酚溶液的研究;Pt／TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲基橙的性能研究;两种水生园林植物对小流域富营养化水体的净化作用;废钯-炭催化剂回收钯的工艺中试研究     

光纤传导可见光降解亚甲基蓝

针对浓度大、色度高的印染废水难以处理的情况,选用加入光纤的光催化体系进行研究。采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ag+/TiO2粉体光催化剂,用固体紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射对其进行表征。选用亚甲基蓝溶液作为目标降解物,评价了Ag+/TiO2在可见光下的光催化活性。分别考察了加入石英芯侧光光纤与塑料侧光光纤反应体系下,催化剂量、光纤数量、光照强度和pH值等因素对亚甲基蓝降解实验的影响。结果表明,选用20 mg/L的亚甲基蓝,采用催化剂量为11.67 g/L,500根侧光光纤,300 W的外部光源,pH值约为11时,光催化降解效果最佳,均能达到90%以上。     

基于IRMOF-1的介孔ZnO/C制备、表征及催化降解3种四环素类抗生素

以Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O与对苯二甲酸制备的网状金属有机骨架材料IRMOF-1为前驱体,在500、600、700℃下的N_2氛围中焙烧得到不同焙烧温度制备的介孔ZnO/C,分别记为ZnO/C-500、ZnO/C-600、ZnO/C-700,利用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外—可见漫反射光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、比表面积分析等手段对其进行表征,并用于降解四环素(TC)、强力霉素(DC)和土霉素(OTC)。结果表明,制备的介孔ZnO/C为六方纤锌矿结构,纯度高。C的复合可以降低ZnO的禁带宽度,从而拓宽了ZnO的光谱吸收范围,提高ZnO对光的利用率。焙烧产物表面随焙烧温度的升高而变粗糙,—OH含量减少,但ZnO/C-700出现碎裂现象。因此,ZnO/C-600具有最大的BET比表面积(254.9m~2/g)和孔径(2.49nm)。ZnO/C-600对TC、DC和OTC的降解效果也是最好的,120min降解率分别达到98.2%、91.1%、80.7%,重复使用4次,其光催化降解性能基本保持不变,稳定性良好。     

ZnO/AgBr复合微纳米球的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B的性能

使用简单丙三醇-水混合溶剂热法制备碱式碳酸锌微纳米球前驱物,经退火得到ZnO微纳米球,通过液相沉淀法把AgBr纳米颗粒固定在ZnO微纳米球表面,在AgBr和ZnO之间形成异质结,有效地增强了AgBr/ZnO复合物的光催化活性。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)与紫外可见分光光度计对样品物相、形貌、元素组成及光学性质进行表征。在可见光条件下,研究ZnO及不同AgBr的ZnO/AgBr复合材料的光催化活性,结果表明:循环修饰5次AgBr的ZnO微纳米球(AgBr颗粒负载质量分数为5%,5%-AZ)样品对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能最好;该复合材料的光催化可重复性使用结果显示,循环使用次数的增加,其光催化性能有下降的趋势。通过分析可知,在光照条件下AgBr的分解引起异质结构变化。     

Investigation of the antibacterial effects of silver-modified TiO2 and ZnO plasmonic photocatalysts embedded in polymer thin films

Nanosilver-modified TiO₂ and ZnO photocatalysts were studied against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the surface and against naturally occurring airborne microorganisms. The photocatalysts/polymer nanohybrid films were prepared by spray coating technique on the surface of glass plates and on the inner surface of the reactive light source. The photoreactive surfaces were activated with visible light emitting LED light at λ?=?405 nm. The optical properties of the prepared photocatalyst/polymer nanohybrid films were characterized by diffuse reflectance measurements. The photocatalytic properties were verified with the degradation of ethanol by gas chromatography measurements. The destruction of the bacterial cell wall component was examined with transmission electron microscope. The antibacterial effect of the photocatalyst/polymer nanohybrid films was tested with different methods and with the associated standard ISO 27447:2009. With the photoreactive coatings, an extensive disinfectant film was developed and successfully prepared. The cell wall component of S. aureus was degraded after 1 h of illumination. The antibacterial effect of the nanohybrid films has been proven by measuring the decrease of the number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus on the surface and in the air as the function of illumination time. The photocatalyst/polymer nanohybrid films could inactivate 99.9 % of the investigated bacteria on different thin films after 2 h of illumination with visible light source. The reactive light source with the inner-coated photocatalyst could kill 96 % of naturally occurring airborne microorganisms after 48 h of visible light illumination in indoor air sample. The TEM results and the microbiological measurements were completed with toxicity tests carried out with Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence bacterium.     

WO3 thin films for photoelectrochemical purification of water

Tungsten trioxide thin films on transparent substrates (glass and F:SnO(2) or ITO-coated glass) were prepared by layer-by-layer brush painting and spin-coating using organic precursors. Well-crystallized WO(3) with monoclinic structure was formed on all substrates after annealing at 500 degrees C or above. The dense semiconducting films are specular and transparent outside the band-gap. Their photoactivity in junctions with aqueous electrolytes extends up to 470 nm, with incident photon to current conversion efficiencies around 0.9 at 313 nm and up to 0.1 at 436 nm. Films of 10 cm x 10 cm were used for the study of solute degradation reactions in a thin-film reactor under backside illumination. Dilute aqueous solutions of model substances for contaminants like oxalic acid were decomposed under continuous flow using broadband UVA illumination and electrical bias. Operation under solar illumination was also feasible. The advantage over operation without bias (conventional photocatalysis) prevailed for all decomposition reactions studied.     

Spectroscopic study of organic coatings on fine particles,exposed to ozone and simulated sunlight

This work intends to quantify the variation in optical properties of aerosol by in-situ spectroscopic monitoring the ozonolysis of a mixture of typical biomass burning compounds. The reaction occurs on silica and glass particles in the presence of simulated sunlight.Fused silica particles (Aerosil) were coated with a thin film of a 1:1 mixure of 4-phenoxyphenol with 4-carboxyphenone as a photosensitizer. UV–VIS spectra of dichloromethane extracts from the particles recorded before and after treatment, show development of a new band after prolonged ozone and light exposure.Changes in optical properties are reported, and variations of spectroscopic features are discussed. We show that the ozone-induced heterogeneous photochemical reaction does produce species absorbing light in the solar spectral range. Further, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous photosensitized reactions at 200 ppb ozone (strongly ozone polluted regions) for a time period of 7 h aging process, can increase light absorption of atmospheric aerosols in the tropospheric actinic window (>290 nm) by 0.4 absorption units ng-C^?1 O₃ ppm^?1 in the region 290–358 nm and by 1.0 absorption units ng-C^?1 O₃ ppm^?1 in the region 360–448 nm.Chemical changes of such surface films were identified by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of coated glass spheres, and we suggest formation of humic-like substances comparable to those reported in continental aerosol.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films grown on different substrates

Titanium dioxide films were prepared on glass, indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass and p-type monocrystalline silicon and studied for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in an aqueous medium. Raman, AFM, and XPS spectroscopic investigations of these films indicated that microstructure of titanium oxide films were greatly affected by the substrate materials. Rutile was confirmed to be easily formed on the surface of ITO glass, and TiO2 tended to grow as closely packed particles that were elongated strips with an average size of 20 nm, and had lovely contrast with the perfectly round particles grown on p-type monocrystalline silicon. Charge transfer between the film and silicon substrate was verified by surface photovoltage spectra. This may be the real reason why the films grown on ITO glass and silicon substrates exhibit higher photocatalytic reactivity than the film on glass substrate. Moreover, the different surface properties also seem to be responsible for the different activity.     

Sol-gel-derived transparent metal oxide flexible field effect transistors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - ZnO and ZnO:Al thin films have been successfully synthesized by simple solution processable method at low temperature. Highly crystalline (002)...     

Effects of ultraviolet light (315 nm), temperature and relative humidity on the degradation of polylactic acid plastic films

The influence of temperature (30, 45 and 60 degrees C) and relative humidity (RH) (30%, 50% and 100%) on the degradation of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) films were studied. In addition, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light (315 nm) on the degradation of PLA films were also analyzed. Various analytical techniques were applied to observe changes in the properties of PLA polymer films. FTIR spectroscopy was used as semi-quantitative method to get information about the chemistry of the degradative process. The degradation rate of PLA was enhanced by increasing temperature and RH, factors responsible for a faster reduction of the weight-average molecular weight (M(W)), of the glass transition temperature (Tg) and of the percentage of elongation at break. Moreover, UV treatment accelerated these phenomena.     

Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance of Zn-doped WO(3) photocatalysts for nitrite ions degradation under visible light

WO(3) and Zn-doped WO(3) thin films were prepared on indium-tin oxide glass by a dip-coating. The composite films were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The effect of preparation conditions (concentration of Zn, annealing temperature, number of layers) on the photocurrent was studied. It was found that the photocurrent under visible light displayed the highest value for 2% Zn-WO(3) films annealed at 400 degrees C. The photocatalytic activity of the Zn-doped WO(3) was evaluated in terms of decay rate of nitrite ions under visible light. The influence of applied potential, initial pH and nitrite concentration on the reaction rate was studied. The experiments demonstrated that NO(2)(-) could be efficiently degraded on the doped photoanode that showed a higher activity than the undoped WO(3) especially under high anodic potential (>0.7 V). The rate of degradation was enhanced in aqueous NaCl solutions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the photodegradation mechanism of NO(2)(-) proceeded mainly indirectly via OH radicals. The possible reason of enhancement of reaction rate was also discussed.     

The effect of background irradiation on photocatalytic efficiencies of TiO2 thin films

TiO(2) thin films were prepared on quartz pipe substrates. Effects of the thickness of the films, the wavelength of the UV light and La doping on efficiencies of background irradiated photocatalysis were investigated, and simultaneously was compared with those of foreground irradiated photocatalysis. The results showed that there was an optimal thickness of the film corresponding with each wavelength of the light source limited in the range from 300 nm to 388 nm in the case of background irradiated photocatalysis, which was quite different from that of foreground irradiated one. But in both cases, the film's photocatalytic activities were enhanced by La non-uniformly doping. The results are useful for the design of high-efficiency photocatalytic reactors.