共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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利用微型燃烧量热计(MCC)、热重分析(TGA)、实时红外光谱(RTFTIR)以及热重-红外联用技术(TG-FT-IR)研究了PVC电缆料老化前后火灾危险性的变化。MCC结果表明,老化后的PVC的最大热释放速率增加了56.3%,总热释放量从10.6kJ/g增加到16.8kJ/g,点燃温度也由302℃提前到282℃。TG-FTIR和RTFTIR的分析结果显示,PVC的主要降解产物有水、碳氢化合物、二氧化碳和一氧化碳。PVC达到最大降解速率的温度约为240℃,与MCC、TG的结果相符合。PVC的裂解气体中包含CO2和CO,还有剧毒气体HCl。这些实验数据说明PVC材料在使用过程中火灾危险性加大,为老城区电气线路和设备的改造提供了理论依据和实验基础。 相似文献
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《中国特种设备安全》2017,(10)
复合材料气瓶红外检测热激励方法主要分为气瓶外部热激励和气瓶内部热激励两种,为了研究适合复合材料气瓶分层缺陷的热激励方法,本文利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件对不同热激励方法下的复合材料气瓶分层缺陷红外检测进行模拟分析,并构建红外检测热激励实验平台,对模拟结果进行热激励实验验证。研究了气瓶外部光激励和气瓶内部热水激励两种热激励方法对复合材料气瓶分层缺陷红外检测效果的影响。结果表明,气瓶外部光激励存在着加热不均匀现象如局部亮斑,且金属的传热较快,检测效果一般;气瓶内部热水激励加热较为均匀未出现亮斑,检测效果良好,更适合复合材料气瓶分层缺陷的红外检测。 相似文献
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研究探讨了一种既可用秸杆又可用煤为燃料的双燃料家用经济型热裂解气化炉新技术,并对其设计原理和方法进行了研究及探讨。 相似文献
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棉花是纺织业的重要原料,是人民群众生活不可或缺的必需品,同时也是我国进出口重要的商品。研究如何安全有效地进行棉花的储备具有十分重要的现实意义。棉纤维本身含有脂肪、蜡质和果胶等适合微生物生长繁殖的营养物质。在棉花储备中,高的回潮率会加速微生物的繁殖,进而产生热量。热量的累积会引起温度升高以及棉花霉变,不利于棉花的安全有效储存。因此,通过静电吸附法将安全无毒的有机锌络合物附着在棉纤维表面,研究表明,相同条件下,处理棉的霉变状况明显得到抑制。加速发霉条件下,未处理棉的相对于白纸的平均色差值为28.10,而双乙酸锌以及苯甲酸锌防霉处理棉的色差值分别为5.16和5.86,下降了81.6%和79.1%。自然发霉条件下,双乙酸锌以及苯甲酸锌防霉处理棉的色差值分别下降了53.8%和50.7%。同时研究了纯棉以及处理棉氮气下的热分解动力学,相比于未处理棉,双乙酸锌防霉处理后活化能下降了15.8%,而苯甲酸锌防霉处理后活化能下降了10.9%。此外,利用实时红外和热重红外联用技术得到了样品在热解过程中固相以及气相的裂解产物的红外谱图,发现防霉处理能一定程度上抑制棉花热解。 相似文献
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FHD型森林地下火探测仪为最新研制的一种光机电一体化的便携式探测设备,采用红外探测技术原理,借助红外焦平面成像器件、可见光摄像器件采集目标图像,利用图像处理技术完成对目标视频图像的获取、显示、温度分析处理及存储过程。它集成了红外与可见光两种模式,两种模型的简单切换有利于辨识目标并可对热像的中心区域进行测温显示。该设备操作界面简单快捷,图片存储方便、容量大,可用于户外多热源连续监测作业。 相似文献
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为了获得甘蔗渣纳晶纤维素酸法制备的最佳工艺条件,基于Box-Behnken试验设计,选取硫酸质量分数、水解时间和水解温度为主要影响因素,采用响应面分析法优化了甘蔗渣纳晶纤维素酸水解制备工艺参数,并建立了二次多项式回归模型.方差分析表明,回归模型较好地反映了纳晶纤维素得率与硫酸质量分数、水解时间、水解温度的关系.甘蔗渣纳晶纤维素最佳的酸水解制备工艺条件为:硫酸质量分数56%,水解时间180 min,水解温度38℃.该条件下纳晶纤维素的得率达到52.93%.酸法制备工艺的响应面优化试验显著提高了甘蔗渣纳晶纤维素的得率,降低了纳晶纤维素的制备成本. 相似文献
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基于单片机AT89C51热释电红外报警系统的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了一种基于单片机信号处理技术的防盗检测器的软硬件设计方法.利用热释电红外传感器的红外辐射与红外探测原理,设计的新型探测器,测量范围广,响应速度快,灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,安全可靠. 相似文献
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基于GSM的远程家庭监控及报警系统的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该防盗报警器由热释电红外探头、GSM模块和单片机最小系统组成.热释电红外探头采集到防盗信息,经单片机发给GSM模块,再由GSM模块发送给指定手机用户,显示远程的报警情况. 相似文献
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Reaction kinetics is fundamental for modelling the thermal oxidation of a solid phase, in processes such as dust explosions, combustion or gasification. The methodology followed in this study consists in i) the experimental identification of the reaction mechanisms involved in the explosion of organic powders, ii) the proposal of simplified mechanisms of pyrolysis and oxidation, iii) the implementation of the model to assess the explosion severity of organic dusts. Flash pyrolysis and combustion experiments were carried out on starch (22 μm) and cellulose (53 μm) at temperatures ranging from 973 K to 1173 K. The gases generated were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography. In this paper, a semi-global pyrolysis model was developed for reactive systems with low Damköhler number. It is in good agreement with the experimental data and shows that both carbon monoxide and hydrogen are mainly generated during the pyrolysis of the solid, the generation of the latter compound being greatly promoted at high temperature. A simplified combustion model was also proposed by adding two oxidation reactions of the pyrolysis products. In parallel, flame propagation tests were performed in a semi open tube in order to assess the burning velocity of such compounds. The laminar burning velocity of cellulose was determined to be 21 cm s−1. Finally, this model will be integrated to a predictive model of dust explosions and its validation will be based on experimental data obtained using the 20 L explosion sphere. The explosion severity of cellulose was determined and will be used to develop and adjust the predictive model. 相似文献
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Explosions of gas-dust hybrid mixtures have long been considered as particular cases encountered in specific industrial contexts. However, it should be reminded that during the explosion of an organic powder, the presence of a hybrid mixture composed of the dust itself and its pyrolysis gases is compulsory. On these premises, an experimental study to determine the role of cellulose pyrolysis products (gaseous, condensable and solid) on the global phenomenon is presented. Hybrid mixture explosion tests were exploited to carry out the investigation. The G-G furnace and the 20 L sphere were employed. Several experimental strategies were chosen to demonstrate the impact of pyrolysis reaction on the explosion of organic powders: i) the fuel equivalence ratio of the reactive mixture (case 1), or ii) the mass of reactants (case 2) were respectively kept constant, iii) the effects of water vapor, char and tar were tested. They were next compared to identify the most suitable one. The two first experimental approaches lead to significantly different results: only case 2 keeps the maximum explosion pressure almost constant, but maximum rate of pressure rises and deflagration index greatly decrease when the pyrolysis gases concentration decreases, which highlights the importance of the pyrolysis reaction on the explosion kinetics. It should also be stressed that the maximum explosion severity is not obtained for the pure gases but when a small dust content is added. The same evolution is observed when a small amount of char is introduced to pyrolysis gases, which underlines the influence of the radiative transfer. Adding small amounts of tar to cellulose tends to increase its explosion severity. However, this impact is less than that generated by the addition of pyrolysis gases. 相似文献
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Thermo-kinetic modelling of dust explosions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The guidelines for protection and mitigation against hazard coming from dust explosion require the knowledge and then the evaluation either experimentally or theoretically of the thermo-kinetic parameters (i.e. KSt, Pmax). We developed a numerical tool for the evaluation of the thermo-kinetic parameters of dust explosion. This model is based on the simulations of the combustion reaction by means of a detailed reaction mechanism assuming that the pyrolysis/devolatilization step is very fast and then gas combustion is controlling dust explosion. The model allows then the determination of the most conservative values of KSt, Sl, Pmax. In the present paper we calculated the deflagration index and the laminar burning velocity for dusts utilized in various process industries (i.e. cornstarch, polyethylene, cellulose) as function of dust concentration. The obtained data were successfully compared with the available experimental results. 相似文献
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阻燃与未阻燃装饰装修木材在不同氧浓度下的热分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用热重分析仪对常见木质装饰装修材料白杨、白桦、红松以及这三种材料的阻燃品,在不同氧浓度条件下进行了热重分析(TGA)实验,通过对失重(TG)曲线、失重速率(DTG)曲线的分析,深入探讨了氧气体积分数对样品热解过程的影响.结果表明:对三种天然木材样品而言,氧浓度增大,样品的TG曲线左移.氧浓度对阻燃样品热解失重曲线的影响较小.热解过程用简单的动力学模型进行了模拟,确定了热解主反应段的动力学参数、表观活化能和频率因子,得到了各阶段的动力学方程. 相似文献
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为了研究山林或景区中不同植物的热稳定性,选取了景区种植数量较多的6种典型树种:女贞、枇杷、竹子、松树、柏树和法桐的枝干和叶作为样品。借助同步热分析仪,在温升速率20℃/min的条件下,对未经干燥处理的样品进行热解特性及热解反应动力学研究。通过TG、DTG以及DSC曲线分析各样品的热解过程,并采用分阶段一级反应动力学模型Coats-Redfern法求得相应参数。研究结果表明:所取样品的热解过程都出现4个明显的热解阶段,即脱水阶段、综纤维素热解阶段、木质素热分解阶段、炭化阶段。根据6个树种的主要热解阶段和动力学分析,6种树种的热稳定性从低到高顺序依次为竹子、女贞、枇杷、法桐、柏树、松树。 相似文献
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火蔓延及发展过程的计算机模拟 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对火蔓延及发展过程进行了计算机模拟,建立了描述火焰在不结焦可燃物垂直表面向上蔓延过程的数学物理模型,其中考虑了有关的四个分过程,即(1)可燃物未燃部分的预热;(2)火蔓延或热解区前沿的确定;(3)可燃物的热解以及(4)挥发份燃烧放热。在分别建立描述这些分过程模型的基础上,构成了体现几何尺寸和其它有关因素影响的总括模型,其结果与PMMA竖板上的实验结果进行了对比。 相似文献
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