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1.
芳香基手性胺醇是许多手性药物合成的重要手性砌块,生物催化不对称还原前手性酮是合成该类醇的重要方法之一.以α-氨基苯乙酮盐酸盐为模型底物从土壤中筛选获得两株能分别高立体选择性催化底物产生R型、S型相应醇的菌株,对映体过量值(e.e.)分别为99%和77%,编号为1403和4802,鉴定菌株所属为镰刀菌属和地霉属.对两株菌培养时期和转化条件的研究表明镰刀菌1403最适生长时间为24 h,最优菌体浓度20 g/L,最优底物浓度5 g/L;地霉4802最适生长时间24 h,最优菌体浓度80 g/L,最优底物浓度3 g/L.底物特异性研究表明,菌株1403和4802均可转化α-氯代苯乙酮、α-溴代苯乙酮、α-羟基苯乙酮和苯乙酮为相应醇,且以α-羟基苯乙酮为底物时,其产物均为S型,e.e.值达99%.  相似文献   

2.
Two-dimensional(2D) materials have exhibited great potential for replacing costly Pt for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) because of their distinctive structural features and high pre-site activity. However, their performance is generally hindered by the limited density of active sites(e.g., at the layer edges). Although they feature a high exposure of surface sites, these sites are typically inert for ORR. Herein,through density functional theory calculations, we propose a promising ORR catalyst ...  相似文献   

3.
Combining the unique advantages of aqueous electrolytes and metallic Zn anode, rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs) are of great promise for large-scale energy storage applications due to their inherent high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. As the essential component of ZIBs, Zn metal anode suffers from severe dendrite formation and inevitable side reactions(e.g. corrosion and hydrogen evolution)in aqueous electrolytes, which leads to low Coulombic efficiency and inferior...  相似文献   

4.
The chemical transformation of natural oils provides alternatives to limited fossil fuels and produces compounds with added value for the chemical industries. The selective deoxygenation of natural oils to diesel-ranged hydrocarbons, bio-jet fuels, or fatty alcohols with controllable selectivity is especially attractive in natural oil feedstock biorefineries. This review presents recent progress in catalytic deoxygenation of natural oils or related model compounds(e.g., fatty acids) to renewable...  相似文献   

5.
The synthesis of renewable chemical fuels from CO2 and H2O via photoelectrochemical(PEC) route reprensents a promising room-temperature approach for transforming greenhouse gas into value-added chemicals(e.g., syngas), but to date it has been hampered by the lack of efficient photocathode for CO2 reduction. Herein, we report efficient PEC CO2 reduction into syngas by photocathode engineering. The photocathode is consisting of a planar p-n Si junction f...  相似文献   

6.
利用原位氧化聚合法制备pdyaniline(PANI)/TiO_2和poly-o-phenylenediamine(PoPD)/TiO_2纳米材料,通过XRD、元素分析、UV-Vis DRS和循环伏安曲线等方式进行表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察p H值以及导电聚合物/TiO_2浓度对光催化效果的影响,通过捕捉实验判定不同活性物种在光催化过程中的贡献.结果表明,PANI和Po PD没有改变TiO_2的粒径和物相,PANI/TiO_2、Po PD/TiO_2和TiO_2的禁带宽度分别为2.82 e V、2.89 e V和3.09 e V;溶液p H值越高,导电聚合物/TiO_2纳米材料的光催化活性越高;PANI/TiO_2和Po PD/TiO_2纳米材料浓度在光催化降解过程中存在的最佳值分别为1 g·L-1和1.5 g·L-1,PANI/TiO_2和Po PD/TiO_2纳米材料光催化过程中活性氧物种的贡献顺序分别为·OHh+·O-2,·OH≈h+·O-2.重复利用实验结果表明制备的PANI/TiO_2和Po PD/TiO_2纳米材料具有良好的光催化稳定性.导电聚合物和TiO_2之间的协同-光敏化作用是CPs/TiO_2纳米材料光催化活性得到提高的主要原因.  相似文献   

7.
NO.1Deve…mentofresearch on soil multimedia environmental pollution·、………··wl肋u-gul, LIUGua帕-l。峪 QMN凤n,etal.(l)Mrogen losses rom Mn runoffunder simulated rainfall conditions…··‘…………··H几扒G Mll*xusllg,HMNG肋elf,7AN(Wla)l,,a al.(6)Environmentul che加啊ofrareearthelelnents(REE)incultivatedsoilofawtcalRES讪ne。…·,··mo讪oo加"g,ZSA皿肋e,.WAN Ujgn(11)hnuence口卜口u pr口pe厂匕es on山e beha*互or ofCadD口I*i InS0u-ro饥systcmh刮口dzone………………jhlN耿0,Z…  相似文献   

8.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2 RR),powered by renewable energy sources,provides an appealing approach to convert emitted CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels and achieve a carbon-neutral cycle.Among various carbon-based products,formic acid(HCOOH) has been considered as a promising liquid hydrogen storage material due to its high energy density and hydrogen content.However,so far,the reported HCOOH-selective catalysts(e.g.,Bi,Sn,In,Pb and Pd) have f...  相似文献   

9.
(R)-苯基乙二醇是合成许多光学活性药物的重要手性中间体,其制备具有重要的现实意义.以α-羟基苯乙酮为底物,从土壤中筛选得到一株能够立体选择性催化α-羟基苯乙酮产生(R)-苯基乙二醇的细菌菌株HBU-SI7.经形态学观察和16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定此转化菌株为红球菌属菌株Rhodococcus sp.菌株全细胞催化体系研究表明在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯-磷酸盐缓冲液(V:V=1:3)的两相催化体系下,菌体转化α-羟基苯乙酮的最优浓度为3.0 g/L,转化率高达96.2%,e.e值为99.3%.本研究建立的红球菌全细胞催化还原体系对(R)-苯基乙二醇的高效制备具有潜在的研究和应用价值.  相似文献   

10.
影响银淡水生物水质基准的环境因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水质基准是制定水环境质量标准,以及评价、预测和控制与治理水体污染的重要依据。为了系统分析水体硬度、物种门类和地域条件对水质基准的影响,本研究筛选了6门20科25种水生生物的毒性数据,用毒性百分数排序法推导了中国银的淡水生物水质基准。研究结果表明,银的基准最大浓度(CMC)与水体硬度呈幂函数关系,等式为CMC=0.85×e[0.62ln(水体硬度)-4.28]μg·L-1,基准连续浓度为0.02μg·L-1。中国和美国2个不同生物区系研究都表明低等生物(无脊椎动物)比高等生物(脊椎动物)对银离子的毒性更为敏感。由地域条件引起的生物区系和敏感物种差异及基准推导方法的不同也会影响水质基准值。  相似文献   

11.
H2O超声过程中H2O2生成动力学   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用50kHz超声清洗槽式声化学反应器,以纯水为空化液体,研究了超声过程中H2O2生成动力学.分别探讨了空化气体种类(Ar,O2)及组成与流量、空化液体体积与反应器形状对H2O2生成速率及产率的影响.结果表明,超声过程中H2O2的生成可采用零级反应动力学方程来进行描述.在此频率下和考察范围内,采用Ar作为空化气体比O2更有利于H2O2的生成.当混合气体组成为Ar:O2=70:30(V/V)时,H2O2的生成速率最快.随着空化气体流量的增加,H2O2产率增加,随后降低.增加空化液体的体积,H2O2的生成速率降低.与锥形瓶相比,圆底烧瓶中H2O2的产率明显降低.  相似文献   

12.
在固定床、柱塞流反应器中,以浓度跃变方法进行过程应答实验,研究了在V2O5-TiO2催化剂上,存在O2时NO与NH3进行的选择性还原反应。根据应答曲线提出了该过程的反应历程,认为:反应是在吸附态的NH3与NO物种之间进行的,其速率控制步骤是NO的吸附;催化剂表面Vs^4+—OH再氧化为V^5+=0所需要的氧,可以从气相、也可以从体相骨架中逐层获得,而从V2O5体相骨架传递氧到表面是通过一个“氧空穴  相似文献   

13.
喷氨同时脱除NO和N_2O过程的化学动力学模拟   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文采用化学动力学模拟的方法,对广泛应用于燃煤锅炉的喷氨脱硝技术进行了研究,首次发现在燃煤锅炉的烟气中喷入氨气不仅可以降低NO_x的排放量.而且可以同时降低N_2O的排放量.文中还就喷氨初期的烟气温度、烟气中的含氧量和水份、NO和N_2O的初始浓度、烟气中的CO含量以及喷氨量对喷氨同时脱除NO和N_2O效果的影响进行了计算分析,确定了喷氨同时脱除NO和N_2O的最佳条件.对喷氨过程的化学反应机理进行的分析表明,该过程之所以能同时脱除NO和N_2O,是因为在NH_3的分解和NO的还原过程中产生了一定浓度的H和OH离子,从而加速了N_2O的热分解过程.  相似文献   

14.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the potent greenhouse gases (GHG) that depletes the stratospheric ozone. Nitrogen fertilizers are considered to be a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from arable soils. To investigate the characteristics of N2O emission, its influencing factors, and its response to nitrogen application in dry grassland in the Loess Plateau, one of the most intensively used agricultural regions in China, we conducted a field trial with two treatments including N0 (0 kg hm-2) and N150 (150 kg hm-2) at the Qingyang Loess Plateau grassland agricultural research station of Lanzhou University. An LGR-N2O/CO gas analyzer was used to monitor the emissions. The results showed that the N2O fluxes of the N0 and N150 treatments during the monitoring period were -0.0036 and 0.0118 mg m-2 h-1, respectively; the flux in case of the N150 treatment was significantly higher than that for the N0 treatment. The N2O emission flux has a distinct diurnal variation characteristic, which first showed the trend of decreasing and then increasing. Regression analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between the N2O flux and the surface soil water content at a depth of 10 cm. The N2O emission flux increased by 131.3%, compared with that during the non-precipitation days. At the same time, the N2O emission flux showed a trend of decreasing with the increase of the surface soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm. The daily emission characteristics indicated that there may be a significant underestimation of the N2O flux at the daily or longer time-scale, based on the N2O flux value measured at 9:00-11:00. In summary, the N2O emissions from the sown alfalfa grassland of the eastern Gansu are strongly affected by precipitation and nitrogen application and have obvious daily dynamic characteristics. It is recommended that the accuracy and representativeness of N2O emission flux data be enhanced by continuous dynamic measurement using the instrument. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

15.
固定燃烧源排放N2O的采样,分析方法及其监测   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
赵瑞兰  赵海涛 《环境化学》1995,14(2):113-117
烟道气是一含有多种哗合物的复杂体系,除N2,O2外,还含有燃烧产物H2O,CO2CO,NOx,SO2和H2S等,烟气样在贮放过程中它们之间相互影响,使各自的浓度发生变化,为了得到烟气中N2O含量的准确测定值,分别研究了H2O,SO2和NO的含量,放置时间对N2O生成量的影响,试验结果表明,玻璃注射器不适于贮放烟气样,样品中只有H2O,SO2和NO三种化合物同时存在时,才会有进一步的N2O的生成,其  相似文献   

16.
吉林西部盐碱水田区全球变暖潜势研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
汤洁  方天儒  赵仁竹  梁爽 《生态环境》2014,(8):1372-1377
为了探讨吉林西部土地整理工程对区域全暖所做贡献,基于实测的水田土壤温室气体数据,进行区域温室气体排放分析,为进一步评估水田开发对全球变暖的影响提供科学依据。以吉林省西部盐碱水田区为研究对象,将野外调查采样和小区试验相结合,采集了水田的0-30 cm表层土壤样品带回进行小区实验。在小区内挖取100 cm×100 cm×50 cm的坑,在土坑底部铺设塑料布后,将从采样点带回的土壤填进坑内灌水,种植水稻,6块样地分别为不同开发年限,其处置模式与前郭当地的水肥管理相同,样地周围挖掘了排水渠。通过静态箱-气相色谱法监测水稻生长期土壤所释放的温室气体 CH4,N2O 和CO2,计算水稻不同生长时期温室气体排放量及贡献率,估算研究区的区域变暖潜势(GWP),结合30年水田面积变化加权法分析温室气体GWP贡献率。结果表明:水田生长期温室气体排放总量(以CO2气体计)随着开发年限的增加呈递增趋势,水田开发过程中CO2、CH4和N2O各时期温室气体排放的贡献率都有一定变化,CO2气体排放贡献率占主导地位在80%左右,CH4的贡献率16.69%-20.39%,是N2O的14-22倍,水田CH4气体的排放对研究区综合温室效应有较大贡献,水田开发初期N2O气体贡献率较成熟水田相比较高。在水稻生长旺盛期CO2气体贡献率下降明显,CH4气体贡献率显著升高,N2O气体贡献率变化不大,在返青期和成熟期CH4和N2O 2种气体贡献率均较小,其中,除成熟期外新开发水田的CH4气体贡献率均高于成熟水田,在水稻生长发育较快速的分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期,CO2气体贡献率下降且降幅明显,该阶段CH4气体对温室效应的贡献比重加大,远高于N2O气体。在水稻成熟期,3种温室气体的贡献率与其他时期相比发生较大变化,CH4比 N2O 略有优势,CO2所占比例恢复至95%。?  相似文献   

17.
海水中二甲基硫测定方法的研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
胡敏  李金龙 《环境化学》1995,14(2):157-163
二甲基硫(DMS)是雨水天然酸性的贡献者和影响气候变化的重要痕量气体,本文海水中DMS测定方法,即采用冷却预浓缩技术处理海水样品,用带有火焰光度检测器气相色谱仪分析,此方法的精密度为12%,准确度为10%,对100ml海水样品最小检测量为0.054ng(DMS)。同时对色谱柱的选取,实验材料的选择,浓缩柱填充材料的选择,鼓气效率,干燥管,样品解析,样品保存等有关实验步骤进行了讨论。  相似文献   

18.
In coastal areas of the North Pacific Ocean, annual returns of spawning salmon provide a substantial influx of nutrients and organic matter to streams and are generally believed to enhance the productivity of recipient ecosystems. Loss of this subsidy from areas with diminished salmon runs has been hypothesized to limit ecosystem productivity in juvenile salmon rearing habitats (lakes and streams), thereby reinforcing population declines. Using five to seven years of data from an Alaskan stream supporting moderate salmon densities, we show that salmon predictably increased stream water nutrient concentrations, which were on average 190% (nitrogen) and 390% (phosphorus) pre-salmon values, and that primary producers incorporated some of these nutrients into tissues. However, benthic algal biomass declined by an order of magnitude despite increased nutrients. We also measured changes in stream ecosystem metabolic properties, including gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), from three salmon streams by analyzing diel measurements of oxygen concentrations and stable isotopic ratios (delta O-O2) within a Bayesian statistical model of oxygen dynamics. Our results do not support a shift toward higher primary productivity with the return of salmon, as is expected from a nutrient fertilization mechanism. Rather, net ecosystem metabolism switched from approximately net autotrophic (GPP > or = ER) to a strongly net heterotrophic state (GPP < ER) in response to bioturbation of benthic habitats by salmon. Following the seasonal arrival of salmon, GPP declined to <12% of pre-salmon rates, while ER increased by over threefold. Metabolism by live salmon could not account for the observed increase in ER early in the salmon run, suggesting salmon nutrients and disturbance enhanced in situ heterotrophic respiration. Salmon also changed the physical properties of the stream, increasing air-water gas exchange by nearly 10-fold during peak spawning. We suggest that management efforts to restore salmon ecosystems should consider effects on ecosystem metabolic properties and how salmon disturbance affects the incorporation of marine-derived nutrients into food webs.  相似文献   

19.
全Pd三效催化剂研究涂层材料的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
制备了作为Pd三效催化剂涂层材料组成的活性Al2O3/金属氧化物添加剂试样,用BET法、XRD法及H2-TPR法对这些涂层原材料体系进行表征。结果表明:金属氧化物添加剂提高了活性Al2O3的热稳定性;添加ZrO2改善了CeO2的热稳定性;与含Ca的试样不同,含La试样没有贮氧能力。用含有Al2O3-CeO2/ZrO2和Al2O3-La2O3/BaO的涂层材料制备的Pd催化剂有好的CO,HC和NOx同时净化的三效性能和低的起燃活性。加入0.003%(V/V)SO2降低了催化剂活性,含La2O3/BaO涂层材料的Pd催化剂上NOx反应易被SO2中毒。  相似文献   

20.
李锋  金保升  刘涛  范红梅 《环境化学》2005,24(4):374-378
在工业级TiO2载体上,通过浸渍法负载V2O5,WO3和MoO3等活性物质,制备不同V2O5基的烟气脱氮催化剂.在固定床反应器中测试DeNOx活性,研究不同的助催化剂(WO3和MoO3)对该类型催化剂DeNOx活性的影响,结果表明,在三元催化剂中,V2O5是主活性物质,MoO3和WO3是助催化剂,此外,V2O5-MoO3/TiO2的脱氮效率高于V2O5-WO3/TiO2,但N2O的生成量较大。  相似文献   

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