天津滨海新区物流对环境的影响

天津滨海新区已纳入国家发展总体战略,将建设成为北方国际航运中心和国际物流中心。介绍了天津滨海新区物流业的发展现状;然后从主要货物、运输工具及物流环节3个方面分析了现代物流对滨海新区自然环境和新区附近海洋生态环境的不良影响,其中煤炭、原油、船舶、车辆等已对新区环境造成了不同程度的污染,而化学危险品、溢油与泄漏事故对新区环境存在着潜在威胁;最后针对以上分析给出了相应的解决对策和措施。     

电子废弃物拆解污染区土壤生态健康风险研究进展

电子废弃物中含有诸多具有回收再利用价值的资源,但在粗放的拆解回收过程中,其中的重金属和有机污染物等有毒有害物质向环境介质中释放,使拆解场地周边土壤受到严重的复合污染,给当地生态环境和人体健康带来潜在风险。本文系统分析了电子废弃物拆解区污染物在土壤中的迁移行为特征和风险;归纳了用于研究土壤污染生态风险的指数法、模型法、外推法和生态毒理法和用于研究土壤污染健康风险的人体外部量化评估和人体内暴露评估等评估方法;同时探讨了这些评估方法在电子废弃物拆解区土壤污染生态健康风险研究的前沿进展。最后本文还指出了目前电子废弃物拆解区土壤污染风险评价需要改进之处,如评价方法应考虑到污染物在土壤中的存在形态、生态风险评价模型需将污染物对生态系统基本构成单元的影响纳入进去、健康风险量化评估基础数据和内暴露评估生物标志物法都需开展精细化的研究,提出了应对电子废弃物拆解引发的生态健康风险的措施,以期引起关于电子废弃物拆解场地土壤生态健康风险的深入思考。     

浅探建立高校教师绩效管理体系

教师工作的好坏,绩效的高低,直接影响着高校的整体效率和利益,因此,掌握和提高教师的工作绩效水平是学校领导者的一项重要职责,而强化和完善绩效管理系统是高校人力资源管理部门的一项战略性任务．该文从绩效管理概念入手分析高校教师实行绩效管理的必要性,并提出了有效实施高校教师绩效管理的建议．参6．     

第四方物流价值分析与发展战略

通过对第四方物流的运作模式和价值分析,得出第四方物流增加价值的机理,并对我国发展第四方物流提出了相关建议.     

多溴联苯醚暴露的神经行为效应及其毒理机制

溴代阻燃剂多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类在各类环境介质、生物体和人体中均能检出的普遍存在的环境污染物。我国的主要污染源之一集中于东南部地区的电子废弃物回收场地。由于PBDEs具有结构稳定性、亲脂性和生物累积性,电子废弃物拆解回收活动对当地生态系统和居民健康存在着巨大的潜在风险。PBDEs的发育神经毒性受到研究者的极大关注,但其神经行为毒性效应和机制仍需深入研究。行为学效应既是内在神经毒性机制的外在反映,也是推测环境污染物在高级别生物学水平(如种群、群落)影响的最有力试验手段。近年来,基于视频追踪系统技术的商业行为学分析设备迅速发展,使行为学效应测试在环境毒理学领域具备极大的潜力。本文结合近年来国内外环境毒理学研究进展,回顾了PBDEs的神经行为毒性效应,包括运动行为、掠食行为和认知行为,并分析了其可能的毒理机制,最后总结了当前研究存在的问题和未来研究需要关注的重点方向。     

欧共体理事会关于废弃物的决议

欧共体理事会1990年4月3日一项关 于废弃物的决议。虽然这样一项决议没有任 何的约束力,但它呼吁欧共体委员会和各成 员国立即在废弃物领域采取措施。 除其它事项外,该决议尤其强调下列行 动: —在源上防止废弃物; —回收、回用和安全处置废弃物; —推广清洁技术和清洁产品;     

日本的废弃物处理及再利用现状

日本的废弃物处理及再利用现状日本对废弃物的处理及再利用较重视，回收再利用率较高，减少了环境污染，取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。近几年来，日本对废塑料等有机物的光（热）分解、微生物分解技术的研究引人注目。但对分解的过程、机理及对生态的影响等问题还未研...     

有机废弃物降解过程酶作用及其调控机制的研究进展

有机废弃物处置不当造成的环境污染和资源浪费已引起广泛关注,生物降解可以有效地实现有机废弃物资源化利用。微生物分泌的酶能催化生物降解的矿化和腐殖化过程,提高有机物降解率。然而,以往研究主要集中于微生物作用,对有机废弃物降解过程酶作用及其调控机制的总结很少。该文从酶学和生物化学角度出发,论述了生物酶催化降解有机质、促进腐殖质合成和削减污染物毒性等作用过程。基于酶动力学和热力学特征,从微生物、酶的固定化、理化因子和添加剂4个方面阐述酶作用的调控机制。生物酶高效、环保、可控,是有机废弃物资源化利用的重要催化剂之一。未来应加强研究酶降解的途径与分子机制、微生物-酶-有机废弃物系统的新陈代谢、激活剂对酶作用的调控、酶的固定化技术以及降解酶的生产与应用,以推动有机废弃物资源化利用的进程。     

格莱德——加拿大的减污回收和回用工程

加拿大每天每人产生1.7公斤的垃圾,如果将其有用成分回收,将减少至少50%的废弃物.废弃物的组成为:报纸和纸箱35.6%,玻璃8.4%,金属8.9%,塑料7.3%,食品废弃物8.9%,庭院废弃物20.1%,橡胶和皮革2.8%,纺织品2.0 %,木质品4.1%,其他1.9%.目前所用的格莱德兰袋用于分类回收四种物品:1.玻璃——不包括泡,窗玻璃、陶瓷、水晶、钢化玻璃,仅指玻璃容器,要求用洗涤剂洗净,除去盖子,金属箔和塑料包装.纸标签可留备用.2.锡和铝罐——要求洗净,除去纸标签,不必去盖,不必压平.3.塑料——二升的塑料饮料瓶.要求用洗涤剂洗净,去塞,标签可留下.     

论高校档案信息资源的作用与开发对策

高校档案信息资源是各项管理工作的依据和基础，能够为学校各项管理工作和师生获取信息提供服务，可对全校师生进行爱国爱校宣传教育．高校档案信息资源开发主要存在问题是高校体制改革对档案信息资源开发的影响、馆藏结构单一、档案编研工作滞后、档案工作者服务意识不强与服务手段单一．高校档案信息资源的开发对策是：大力加强队伍建设，全面提高档案管理人员的整体素质；观念创新，强化全面主动、及时准确的服务意识；加强对档案用户的宣传；丰富馆藏，提高馆藏质量；深层次开发档案信息资源；要加强收集和编研工作，提高编研材料档次，积极为学校和社会服务；要加快高校数字化校园网的建设，积极推行档案的现代化管理．     

The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project, Taiwan

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project,Taiwan

Abstract

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

Industrial ecosystems — some conditions for success

SUMMARY

The development of Industrial Ecology (IE) is based on the philosophy that the two systems, the industrial system and the ecosystem operate through different principles of system development and on the philosophy that IE can serve to reduce the conflict between the two systems as it learns from the model of an ecosystem. In an IE, following the roundput analogy of a natural ecosystem, the industrial actors co-operate by utilising each other's waste material and energy flows and try and reduce the system virgin material and energy input as well as the waste and emission output. In a successful IE, a business-environment win-win might be possible because the raw material and energy costs, waste management costs, costs resulting from environmental legislation, as well as the image costs of the companies in the system and of the system as a whole, can be reduced. In this paper, the IE analogy includes the four basic principles of system development of ecosystems; roundput, diversity, locality and gradual change. The principles are understood as a potential direction in which Regional Industrial Ecosystem Management (RIEM) can be developed.     

Agricultural waste from the tequila industry as substrate for the production of commercially important enzymes

Approximately 1 million tons of Agave tequilana plants are processed annually by the Mexican Tequila industry generating vast amounts of agricultural waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of Agave tequilana waste as substrate for the production of commercially important enzymes. Two strains of Aspergillus niger (CH-A-2010 and CH-A-2016), isolated from agave fields, were found to grow and propagate in submerged cultures using Agave tequilana waste as substrate. Isolates showed simultaneous extracellular inulinase, xylanase, pectinase, and cellulase activities. Aspergillus CH-A-2010 showed the highest production of inulinase activity (1.48 U/ml), whereas Aspergillus niger CH-A-2016 produced the highest xylanase (1.52 U/ml) and endo-pectinase (2.7U/ml) activities. In both cases production of enzyme activities was significantly higher on Agave tequilana waste than that observed on lemon peel and specific polymeric carbohydrates. Enzymatic hydrolysis of raw A. tequilana stems and leaves, by enzymes secreted by the isolates yielded maximum concentrations of reducing sugars of 28.2 g/l, and 9.9 g/l respectively. In conclusion, Agave tequilana waste can be utilized as substrate for the production of important biotechnological enzymes.     

絮凝-光催化处理实际染料废水的研究

采用絮凝-光催化氧化工艺成功地处理了实际染料废水;研究了COD光催化降解动力学。COD和BOD5浓度分别为2169mg／L、295mg／L的染料废水,经絮凝-光催化处理后,出水COD和BOD5分别为214mg／L、18．5mg／L,去除率分别为90．1％、93．7％。向光催化体系中加入H2O2,可促进COD与BOD5的去除。该工艺可处理高浓度染料废水。     

Reverse logistics in the Chinese auto-parts firms: implementation framework development through multiple case studies

In recent years, the implementation of reverse logistics (RL) in automobile manufacturing has drawn extensive interest from the Chinese government that has launched relevant take-back and environmental regulations and pilot projects. This study focuses on RL implementation issues in Chinese auto-parts manufacturing sector. Based on comprehensive literature review and multiple case studies in the Chinese auto-parts firms, this paper proposes a conceptual RL framework and highlights the major implementation issues. The purpose of this paper is to draw an overall picture of RL in the Chinese context, highlighting implementation issues in the auto-parts sector. Our study suggests that Chinese RL implementation requires close government monitoring mechanism and incentives, top management commitment within firms, technology and human capabilities support.     

Health risks for residents and neighbours of a shut down industrial waste site

An epidemiologic study of residents and neighbours of a shut down industrial waste site in Bielefeld‐Brake determined an increase of the transaminases GOT, GPT, gamma‐GT. Waste muds of metal‐working industries, carbide, and marble mud, as well as domestic rubbish were deposited on the industrial waste site. After its shut down the site was filled up with rubble and a residential area was built on. During the building activities gas production was observed and soil analysis proved highly increased concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, and chrome‐nickel. The soil‐air analysis resulted in high values of trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene.