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多溴联苯(PBBs)作为一种优良的阻燃剂被添加于各种塑料制品和电子产品中,在此类产品后处置过程中PBBs成为一类新的有机污染物流入环境.由于具有与多氯联苯类似的化学结构和难降解毒理特性,现在被很多国家限制使用.对已进入环境中的微量PBBs,建立简便、灵敏的检测方法对于其在环境中的分布调查研究和迁移变化追踪具有重要的实际意义.实时荧光定量免疫-PCR(real-time immuno-PCR,rt-IPCR)是一种高灵敏度的免疫监测方法.但是,rt-IPCR技术在环境污染物检测中的应用实例不多,本课题组曾采用此方法对环境中的多氯联苯、多环芳烃等污染物进行了测定,然而, 相似文献
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Mario Yarto 《生态毒理学报》2005,27(2):30-31
一组众所周知的化学药品已被划分为持久性有机污染物(POPs)1.它们的性质包括高毒性、在环境中保留时间长、在大气中可长距离传播和能在脂肪组织中累积.与持久性有机污染物直接接触可以导致急性效应、持久性有机污染物用作农药的事故,例如,已经有使农业劳动者致死或重病的例子. 相似文献
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Mario Yarto 《生态毒理学报》2005,(3):30-31
一组众所周知的化学药品已被划分为持久性有机污染物(POPs)1.它们的性质包括高毒性、在环境中保留时间长、在大气中可长距离传播和能在脂肪组织中累积.与持久性有机污染物直接接触可以导致急性效应、持久性有机污染物用作农药的事故,例如,已经有使农业劳动者致死或重病的例子.…… 相似文献
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分光光度法、荧光分光光度法测定敌敌畏等农药的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文报道了敌敌畏、磷胺、久效磷等磷酸烯脂类农药在过硼酸钠存在下,可氧化胺类生成有色或有荧光的产物。由此,建立了定量测定这类农药的方法,即分光光度法和荧光分光光度法。两方法的线性检测范围很宽,灵敏度高、测定步骤也较简单。利用这两种检测方法,可定性定量检测这类农药。 相似文献
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Mario Yarto 《产业与环境》2005,(Z1)
一组众所周知的化学药品已被划分为持久性有机污染物(PO Ps)1.它们的性质包括高毒性、在环境中保留时间长、在大气中可长距离传播和能在脂肪组织中累积.与持久性有机污染物直接接触可以导致急性效应、持久性有机污染物用作农药的事故,例如,已经有使农业劳动者致死或重病的例子.氯丹是被分类为持久性有机污染物的一种农药,过去广泛地用于控制农作物和森林的虫害.它也应用于家庭和工业,包括木材和木制品的白蚁防治.它被标明是一种可能的人类致癌物质.大剂量的氯丹能够破坏神经系统或肝脏.人们还发现氯丹也影响内分泌系统和消化系统.它能引起… 相似文献
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Waters公司北京实验室 《环境化学》2000,19(2):193-194
OasisTM HLB固相提取小柱在环境分析方面已获得了广泛的应用.小柱可以对不同类别的各种农药残留物质或环境污染物进行高效提取,包括酸性除草剂及代谢物(如:2 ,4-D,trifluralin等)、三嗪类除草剂及代谢物(如:atrazine等)、磺酰脲素类除草剂( 如:thifensulfuron methyl)、苯氧酸类农药、取代酚类农药(如:trichlorophenol)、乙酰胺类除草剂及代谢物(如:alachlor,metolachlor等)、有机磷类杀虫剂(如:acephate)及多环芳烃(如:phenathrene)等环境污染物. 相似文献
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Ashraf A. Hassan Saleh M. Abdullah Ibrahim A. Khardali Ghassan A. Shaikhain Magbool E. Oraiby 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1477-1483
The habit of khat chewing is widespread with a deep-rooted sociocultural tradition in these regions and as such poses a public health problem. The use of pesticides is considered to be indispensable practice for the production of adequate food supply for the increasing demands by the global population and for control of insect-borne diseases. Thus, contamination of the environment with pesticides and entry of these chemicals into the food chain is unavoidable especially in developing countries. The main objective of our current study was to assess pesticide pollution of khat leaves (unknown origin) obtained while being smuggled into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to be used in Jazan area. A total of 120 khat leaf samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for the presence of 69 standard pesticides using an internal standard, tiphenyl phosphate. No pesticide residues were detected in all the studied samples. These data as preliminary and more experiments need to be performed to confirm our present findings. Routine monitoring of the pesticide residues is important for the prevention, control, and reduction of environmental pollution and also for legal decisions to minimize health risks. 相似文献
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Yunpeng Xing Boyuan Xue Yongshu Lin Xueqi Wu Fang Fang Peishi Qi Jinsong Guo Xiaohong Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):155
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Peng Li Lingqian Dong Han Jin Jingren Yang Yonghui Tu Chao Wang Yiliang He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):159
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农药施用于田间,必然会残留于环境中。农药残留的分析方法多种多样。为探究灵敏度高、重现性好的样品前处理方法,建立了超声辅助乳化液相微萃取,结合气相色谱和火焰光度检测器测定绿茶饮料和番茄汁中5种有机磷农药的方法,对萃取条件进行了优化,如萃取溶剂种类和体积、超声频率和时间、盐效应。在优化后的萃取条件下,5种有机磷农药实现良好分离,空白添加实验结果表明在0.1~10μg·L-1之间,线性相关系数在0.9985~0.9994之间,检测限在0.005~0.020μg·L-1之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在4.3%~9.4%之间。在绿茶饮料和番茄汁实际样本检测中,目标分析物含量均低于检出限。样本添加回收试验的回收率均大于88.5%,相对标准偏差(n=3)在2.2%~9.8%之间,结果表明该方法用于液体样本中农药残留检测真实可靠。 相似文献
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介绍和分析了农药对我国生态环境污染与危害的现状。指出造成我国农药环境污染严重的重要原因是缺乏必要的环境监督管理 ,研究制定出符合我国国情的农药污染控制政策与措施已经刻不容缓 相似文献
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蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的发光菌快速检测 总被引:35,自引:1,他引:35
本文建立了一种用发光细菌快速检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的方法,以3%NaCl(W/V)溶液从蔬菜中洗涤出残留的农药,加入定量发光菌溶液,通过其发光量的变化来检测农药的含量。分析了发光菌对蔬菜中六种有机磷农药的响应情况,探讨了检测空心菜中甲胺磷农药残留的最佳参数,实验表明,新建立的方法是检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的一种快速有效,价廉的方法。 相似文献
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The persistence of atrazine, linuron and fenitrothion in soil samples from an estuarine area (Ebro delta, Tarragona, Spain) has been studied. Soil samples from the top surface (10 cm) were collected during 1989–91, freeze‐dried, sieved through 200 μm, Soxhlet extracted with methanol, cleaned‐up with Florisil and analysed either by gas chromatography‐nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC‐NPD), in the case of atrazine and fenitrothion, or by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC‐DAD), for linuron. Confirmation of the samples analysed by GC‐NPD was carried out using GC‐mass spectrometric detection (MS) in the electron impact mode. The soil half lives obtained under the real environmental conditions have been calculated and the values obtained have been correlated with the physicochemical properties of each pesticide and the soil type. Degradation was affected by volatilization since temperatures in the area of study are relatively high, ca. 30°C, in the summer period. In the case of atrazine it has been shown that deethylatrazine is formed in all the samples studied.. 相似文献
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珠三角地区POPs农药的污染现状及控制对策 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
概述了中国及国际社会对持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs)的关注情况。并通过对POPs农药在珠江三角洲地区(Pearl River Delta Area,PRD)使用情况的调查,以及对珠江三角洲地区POPs农药在各环境介质中的污染现状的文献综述,结合环境污染数据以及POPs农药污染调查工作中得到的数据和信息,对该地区POPs污染的可能原因和环境中可能存在的新近污染源进行了初步探讨。同时也指出了当前珠江三角洲地区在POPs农药削减与淘汰工作中所遭遇到的缺乏完善的管理体系等困难,并针对问题提出了包括加大科研投入,加强基础研究,掌握污染物来源和去向,加强替代药物的研究,建立和实施更严格的环境法规以及标准,加强环境监测能力建设,建立POPs农药污染的信息公开机制等一系列的控制对策。 相似文献
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《Ecological modelling》2007,209(1):53-64
In this paper, a state-of-the-art is given of the current knowledge related to the occurrence and sources of pesticides in surface waters. An emphasis is put on sources and transport routes that contribute most to the pesticide loads found in river systems. Possible mitigation measures are described. Once pesticides have entered a river system, they are exposed to different physical, chemical and microbial processes which determine their fate. As mathematical models can describe the fate of pesticides in river systems and can be used for the control of environmental pollution and management of resources, an overview is given of available watershed and in-river water quality models able to predict pesticide concentrations in surface waters. Advantages and disadvantages of simple screening tools and complex watershed models are discussed. Finally, some recommendations are made concerning monitoring, modeling and their combined use in order to achieve the water quality goals set by the EU Water Framework Directive. 相似文献
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明确水环境中农残的污染状况对研究其环境行为和生态风险至关重要。传统主动采样法耗能、耗力且单次采样仅获得瞬时浓度值。被动采样节能、方便且为时间加权平均浓度,利于大规模采样。极性有机物整合采样技术(polar organic chemical integrative sampler,POCIS)是针对极性有机物的被动采样技术,近年来在水环境中农药监测的运用越来越广泛。本文概述了POCIS结构、原理和校正方法,探讨了环境因素(如水流速率、温度、p H、溶解性有机质、盐度和膜污染)、化合物性质及POCIS结构对农药采样速率(Rs)的影响。此外,综述了POCIS在监测水环境中农药的应用,展望了POCIS在该领域中的问题、解决方式及前景。 相似文献