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脱氮硫杆菌对废水中硫氮的脱除 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为脱除废水中高浓度的硫氮,首先对脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)的生长曲线和驯化期间营养液pH的变化进行了测定,确定了脱氮硫杆菌合适的使用条件.然后检测了接菌后废水中的S2-浓度控制在400 mg/L时合适的硫氮比以及脱氮硫杆菌对NO3-的去除率.结果表明,处理富含硫氮的废水时,当硫氮比控制在5:3、S2-浓度控制在400mg/L时,脱氮硫杆菌对NO3-的去除率可达63.19%,同时S2-转化成硫酸盐或可回收的单质硫,使废水的硫氮污染得到了有效的控制. 相似文献
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氮同位素控制下黄河及其主要支流硝酸盐来源分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选取黄河小浪底水库及以下干流和支流河水为主要研究对象,利用氮同位素识别河水潜在硝酸盐来源,结果表明,研究区黄河干流及支流沁河和伊洛河河水硝酸盐含量均值分别为(4.77±0.95)、(3.45±1.71)和(4.50±0.91) mg·L-1.研究区黄河干流河水δ15N-NO3-均值为(+3.2±4.5)‰,上游河水硝酸盐来源主要为土壤有机氮矿化,下游平原区河水硝酸盐来源包括土壤有机氮矿化以及化学肥料.沁河河水δ15N-NO3-均值为(+8.3±4.6)‰,丰水期河水硝酸盐来源包括大气降水、土壤有机氮矿化以及化学肥料;平水期河水硝酸盐受到生活污水和土壤有机氮矿化共同影响;枯水期沁河河水由于断流形成封闭水体,浮游植物和藻类生长以及反硝化作用是控制河水硝酸盐的重要因素.枯水期洛河和伊河河水δ15N-NO3-值分别为+ 10.9‰和+3.4‰,其中生活污水是洛河河水硝酸盐的重要来源,合成化学肥料是伊河河水硝酸盐的重要来源. 相似文献
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水分和氮素供应对菠菜硝酸盐累积和钾素吸收的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了水分和氮素供应对露地秋菠菜的硝酸盐累积和钾、氮吸收的影响。结果表明:与传统的水氮管理措施相比,采用水分平衡法和氮素专家系统进行的水氮供应并没有造成作物减产,但对钾、氮元素的吸收却有明显的影响,同氮素吸收相比,作物对钾素的吸收数量更高;并且作物对钾、氮的吸收比例随氮素供应水平的增加而降低,试验还动态监测了菠菜最新展开叶的叶柄汁液中的硝酸盐和K^ 浓度在一天内的变化情况。结果表明,不同水氮处理的菠菜叶柄汁液的硝酸盐浓度在白天均没有发生显著变化;叶柄汁液中的K^ 浓度和NO3^-/K^ 的浓度比在白天受氮素供应水平的影响很大,供氮量高,K^ 浓度和NO3^-/K^ 浓度比的变化也大,但受灌水量影响不大。图3表2参17。 相似文献
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以和田河流域绿洲区地下水污染调查数据为基础,对地下水"三氮"的污染状况及影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,和田河流域绿洲区地下水"三氮"污染不是很严重,但随时间呈不断加重的趋势.硝酸盐氮是绿洲区地下水中"三氮"的主要存在形态,其含量、检出率和超标率最高,氨氮次之,亚硝酸盐氮最低.地下水中"三氮"含量的空间分布表现出一定的规律性,水平方向上,绿洲南部硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的含量普遍高于绿洲北部,而氨氮在北部的分布范围比南部广;垂直方向上,浅层潜水中"三氮"的含量高于中深层潜水;与新疆其他地区相比,和田河流域绿洲区地下水中硝酸盐氮含量较高,亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮含量较低.绿洲区地下水中"三氮"的来源主要与居民日常生活和农业生产有关,其存在形态和分布特征主要与水化学环境、包气带岩性和厚度及地下水径流条件等因素有关. 相似文献
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为探讨氮硫沉降对华北暖温带森林土壤呼吸的影响规律以及与温度、湿度的关系,在落叶松人工林中开展了野外模拟氮硫沉降试验.结果表明:在生长季,各氮硫水平样地月平均土壤呼吸有明显的季节变化特征,模拟氮硫复合沉降对华北落叶松林土壤呼吸产生显著影响(P0.05).生长季内,氮沉降促进土壤呼吸速率,其中高氮与CK产生显著差异(P0.05).土壤呼吸速率与硫沉降水平呈正相关关系(P0.05).氮硫复合沉降促进了土壤呼吸速率,高氮高硫与CK土壤呼吸速率产生显著差异(P0.05),而中氮中硫水平抑制土壤呼吸速率,但未达到显著水平(P0.05).中氮和中硫对土壤呼吸速率的影响大于二者的共同作用,产生拮抗作用,而高氮高硫产生协同作用.各处理土壤呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度呈极显著正相关关系.土壤温湿度双因子模型预测土壤呼吸的准确性和稳定性高于单因子模型.模拟氮硫沉降增加了土壤Q_(10)值,而高氮高硫降低了土壤Q_(10)值.试验结果揭示了太岳山华北落叶松林土壤呼吸特征对氮硫复合沉降的响应,即除中氮中硫外,复合沉降不同程度地促进了土壤呼吸速率,其复杂的响应机制仍有待进一步研究. 相似文献
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应用A/O工艺处理低C/N比的生活污水,SRT维持在15d左右,水温控制在21-25℃,pH值在7.2-7.6之间,污泥浓度为2500-4500mg·l-1,通过控制溶解氧(DO)浓度实现了亚硝酸氮积累、消失和重现.维持较低的DO浓度(≤0.7mg·l-1)可使亚硝酸氮积累现象重现.在两次试验的比较中,亚硝酸氮积累破坏的愈彻底相应恢复的过程就愈漫长.在长期较低的DO浓度条件下,亚硝酸菌充分利用了有限的溶解氧,在与丝状菌竞争DO中占到优势,因此,污泥沉淀性能很好,没有产生严重污泥膨胀.同时分析了pH值、游离氨(FA)浓度、温度等对亚硝酸氮积累的影响,DO是影响亚硝酸氮积累的关键因素. 相似文献
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本研究从活性污泥中分离出氢自养反硝化细菌,在厌氧条件下利用氢气作为电子受体,将硝酸盐氮污染物彻底还原为氮气.通过原位共沉淀/柠檬酸钠交联法制备了一种磁性壳聚糖微球,将氢自养反硝化菌固定于磁性壳聚糖微球上组成固定化微生物反硝化体系.利用16SrDNA菌种鉴定、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对固定化前后的材料进行了表征,并与游离的氢自养反硝化菌进行对比,同时进行静态批实验考察了在不同影响因素下硝酸盐去除效果.结果表明,分离出的氢自养反硝化菌属于陶厄氏菌属(MK928401),且被成功固定在磁性壳聚糖微球上;相同时间内,固定化氢自养反硝化菌对硝酸盐氮去除率高出游离细菌59%,说明固定化菌克服了由于游离菌易团聚而限制反硝化速率的缺点;磁性壳聚糖微球的加入,在一定程度上拓宽了氢自养反硝化菌对硝酸盐氮浓度的适应范围,同时拓宽了氢自养反硝化菌对pH的耐受范围;固定化氢自养反硝化菌经5次重复利用后,仍能高效还原硝酸盐氮,相比于游离细菌具有可回收和循环利用性.以上结果得出,以磁性壳聚糖微球固定氢自养反硝化菌,为高效去除地下水中的硝酸盐氮提供了一种更有效的途径. 相似文献
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南京东郊蔬菜种植基地地表水氮、磷、重金属含量及影响因素 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
南京东郊典型蔬菜基地地表水环境质量的调查分析表明:(1)在当前的生产和生活条件下,地表水尚未受Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd和Cr污染,但有不同程度的氮、磷污染。(2)河流氮、磷污染比池塘严重。河流水中氨氮和水溶性磷的比例相对较高,而池塘水中硝态氮、有机氮和有机磷的比例相对较高,这种差别有助于识别地表水中氮、磷的来源。河流底泥中总氮、总磷和重金属含量(Cr除外)比塘泥高,表明河水氮、磷及重金属污染风险比池塘水高。(3)南京东郊蔬菜基地地表水中氮、磷及重金属主要来自城市生活污水的排放,其次来自蔬菜栽培中有机肥过量投入造成的流失。因此,保护城郊地表水应从城市生活污水净化和蔬菜栽培中有机肥的合理施用入手。 相似文献
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为研究乌鲁木齐市米东区大气降水中的化学组分特征及来源,对2017-2019年降水中主要离子浓度及来源进行了分析.研究结果显示,米东区2017-2019年降水的雨量加权pH年均值为7.95,雨量加权平均电导率年均值为16.15 mS·m-1,雨量加权平均总离子浓度为72.75-95.89 μeq·L-1,年均浓度为81.... 相似文献
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Sanjena Narayanasamydamodaran Jian e Zuo Haiteng Ren Nawnit Kumar 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):66
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Excess nitrate in Mississippi River water entering offshore areas is reported to contribute to low oxygen (hypoxia) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Excessive algal growth driven by the excess nitrogen results in a decrease in dissolved oxygen in bottom water. Reintroduction of Mississippi River waters into a Louisiana coastal wetland has the potential to reduce the amount of nitrate reaching offshore waters. In this study, reduction in the concentration of added NO3- was determined in sediment-water-columns collected from a wetland site in Breton Sound estuary receiving nutrient inputs from the Mississippi River. The capacity of a wetland to process nitrate in floodwater was determined in the laboratory. The rates of NO3- removal (determined from change in nitrate concentration in the floodwater) averaged 97 mg N m-2 d-1 over 16 d for a 1750-mg NO3-N m-2 addition, and 170 mg N m-2 d-1 over 16 d for a 3500-mg NO3-N m-2 addition. The total N2O-N emissions from the 1750- and 3500-mg NO3-N m-2 additions were 19 and 54 mg N m-2 accounting for 1.1% and 1.5% of the applied NO3-N, respectively. Using the acetylene-inhibition technique, the average denitrification rate was determined to be 57 and 87 mg N m-2 d-1 (21 and 32 g N m-2 yr-1) during the most active denitrification period of 5 d after incubation for 1750 and 3500 mg NO3--N m-2 of added nitrate in floodwater, respectively. The total N evolved over 11 d as N2O + N2 was equivalent to 436 and 921 mg N m-2 (24.9% and 26.3%, respectively, of added N). Increasing the amount of NO3- applied to the overlying water increased the rate of NO3- loss and N2O emission significantly. The thickness of the oxidized surface sediment layer was also influenced by the NO3- application to the floodwater with a significant linear correlation between nitrate addition and thickness of the oxidized layer (r = 0.9998, p = 0.01). This study indicates that wetlands receiving diverted Mississippi River water have the potential to process and remove NO3- in the river water, reducing the amount of NO3- reaching to offshore areas. 相似文献
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Lei WANG Yongtao LV Xudong WANG Yongzhe YANG Xiaorong BAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):633-638
To investigate the nitrogen transport and conversion inside activated sludge flocs, micro-profiles of O2, NH4+, NO2–, NO3–, and pH were measured under different operating conditions. The flocs were obtained from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor. Nitrification, as observed from interfacial ammonium and nitrate fluxes, was higher at pH 8.5, than at pH 6.5 and 7.5. At pH 8.5, heterotrophic bacteria used less oxygen than nitrifying bacteria, whereas at lower pH heterotrophic activity dominated. When the ratio of C to N was decreased from 20 to 10, the ammonium uptake increased. When dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the bulk liquid was decreased from 4 to 2 mg·L-1, nitrification decreased, and only 25% of the DO influx into the flocs was used for nitrification. This study indicated that nitrifying bacteria became more competitive at a higher DO concentration, a higher pH value (approximately 8.5) and a lower C/N. 相似文献
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Zhihao Si Xinshan Song Xin Cao Yuhui Wang Yifei Wang Yufeng Zhao Xiaoyan Ge Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):4
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Xiaoliu HUANGFU Yaan WANG Yongze LIU Xixin LU Xiang ZHANG Haijun CHENG Jin JIANG Jun MA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):105
The aggregation of common manganese dioxide (MnO2) colloids has great impact on their surface reactivity and therefore on their fates as well as associated natural and synthetic contaminants in engineered (e.g. water treatment) and natural aquatic environments. Nevertheless, little is known about the aggregation kinetics of MnO2 colloids and the effect of humic acid (HA) and surfactants on these. In this study, the early stage aggregation kinetics of MnO2 nanoparticles in NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 solutions in the presence of HA and surfactants (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) were modeled through time-resolved dynamic light scattering. In the presence of HA, MnO2 colloids were significantly stabilized with a critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of ~300 mmol·L-1 NaNO3 and 4 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2. Electrophoretic mobility (EPM) measurements confirmed that steric hindrance may be primarily responsible for increasing colloidal stability in the presence of HA. Moreover, the molecular and/or chemical properties of HA might impact its stabilizing efficiency. In the case of PVP, only a slight increase of aggregation kinetics was observed, due to steric reactions originating from adsorbed layers of PVP on the MnO2 surface. Consequently, higher CCC values were obtained in the presence of PVP. However, there was a negligible reduction in MnO2 colloidal stability in the presence of 20 mg·L-1SDS. 相似文献
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Zhijun Liu Xi Luo Senlin Shao Xue Xia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):40
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Yanfei Wang Xiaona Zheng Guangxue Wu Yuntao Guan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(6):74