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采用浸涂-烧结法制备的纳米TiO2光催化剂负载量约为6mg/g载体,催化剂经5次重复使用其催化效果稳定,表明催化剂表面TiO2粉体负载牢固;以高压汞灯为光源,对水中微量间二甲苯的负载型纳米TiO2光催化氧化过程的研究表明:初始浓度在6.68~17.36mg/L的范围内,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表现一级反应动力学规律,反应的表现速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加。 相似文献
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TiO2光催化氧化的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
概述了TiO2光催化氧化降解水中污染物的原理及TiO2光催化剂的制备,提出了增强其活性的途径。TiO2光催化氧化可应用于印染、农药、造纸等工业废水及饮用水处理中,研制高效的负栽型纳米TiO2光催化剂、解决太阳能利用问题、开发多功能光催化反应器是今后TiO2光催化氧化的发展趋势。 相似文献
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通过开展TiO2/ACF与TiO2/BiWO6/ACF材料吸附光催化降解VOCs废气的室内模拟实验,探究反应环境(流量、初始浓度、温度、湿度)对吸附光催化降解效率的影响。结果表明:TiO2/ACF材料的最优降解条件为浓度1000 mg/m3,流量1.2 m3/h,湿度30%,温度33℃;TiO2/BiWO6/ACF材料的最优降解条件 为浓度1000 mg/m3,流量1.2 m3/h,湿度33%,温度34℃;两种材料在最优条件下均具有对高浓度污染物响应速度快、反应平衡后污染物转化率高的特点,TiO2/ACF材料三级反应总体转化率达到81.71%,TiO2/BiWO6/ACF材料三级反应总体转化率达到85.96%。因此,将吸附光催化技术与其他处理技术相结合作为一种预处理方法,针对储罐呼吸气排放源,在实现VOCs初步降解的同时还可以稳定平衡VOCs浓度,具有较好的缓冲、减排效果,该技术工艺流程简单,能耗低,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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负载型TiO2薄膜光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了玻璃负载的TiO2薄膜光催化剂,研究了该催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解,考察了反应时间、水样的初始浓度、溶液的pH等对光催化降解效果的影响。 相似文献
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按纳米TiO2在反应器中存在的形式,分类论述了各种光催化反应器的结构原理和主要特点,介绍了近几年有关纳米TiO2光催化反应器的设计,讨论了光催化反应器设计中存在的问题和在污水处理中的研究进展。 相似文献
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本文以沉淀法制备的TiO2为催化剂,紫外杀菌灯为光源,对阳离子艳红染料的光催化降解进行动力学研究.实验结果表明TiO2光催化降解低浓度阳离子艳红的反应为一级反应,反应动力学行为符合Langmuir-Himshelwood方程,其反应速率常数为1.87 mg/L·min. 相似文献
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光助氧化技术在水处理中应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对UV/H2O2技术、UV/O3技术、UV/O3/H2O2技术、photo—Fenton技术以及UV/TiO2技术进行了总结,对不同技术的原理、研究进展及应用进行了评述,并对今后光助氧化技术的研究方向提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to demonstrate that simple fractionation and selective dissolution techniques can be used to provide detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses of flue gas desulfurization by-products. The material studied was a mine grout prepared as a 1:1 mixture (wt./wt.) of fly ash (FA) and filter cake (FC) with hydrated lime (50 g kg(-1)) added to improve handling. The hydrated lime was composed mostly of calcite (CaCO3), portlandite [Ca(OH)2], lime (CaO), and brucite [Mg(OH)2] (515, 321, 55, and 35 g kg(-1), respectively) and had low (<6 g kg(-1)) concentrations of most trace elements. The FC contained hannebachite (CaSO3 x 0.5H2O) (786 g kg(-1)) with smaller quantities (<10 g kg(-1)) of calcite, quartz (SiO2), brucite, and gypsum (CaSO4 x 2H2O). Except for B and Cu, trace element concentrations were comparable to those in the hydrated lime. The FA contained both magnetic (222 g kg(-1)) and nonmagnetic (778 g kg(-1)) fractions. The former was composed mostly of hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and glass (272, 293, and 287 g kg(-1), respectively), whereas the latter was enriched in glass, quartz, and mullite (Al6Si2O13) (515, 243, and 140 g kg(-1), respectively). Etching with 1% HF showed that 60 to 100% of trace elements were concentrated in the glass, although some metals (Co, Cr, and Mn) were clearly enriched in the magnetic phase. The aged grout contained 147 g kg(-1) ettringite [Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 x 26H2O] in addition to 314 g kg(-1) hannebachite and 537 g kg(-1) insoluble phases (mullite, quartz, hematite, magnetite, and glass). 相似文献
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The fate of pesticides in aquifers is influenced by the small but not insignificant adsorption of pesticides to mineral surfaces. Batch experiments with five pesticides and four minerals were conducted to quantify the contributions to adsorption from different mineral surfaces and compare adsorption characteristics of selected pesticides. Investigated mineral phases included quartz, calcite, kaolinite, and alpha-alumina. Selected pesticides comprised atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea)], mecoprop [(RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid], 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide]. Specific surface area and mineral surface charge proved to be important for the adsorption of these pesticides. Detectable adsorption of the anionic pesticides (mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone) was only measured when positive sites were present on the mineral surface. However, when CaCl2 was added as an electrolyte, a detectable adsorption of mecoprop and 2,4-D was also measured on kaolinite (which exhibits a negative surface charge), probably due to formation of Ca-pesticide--surface complexes. Adsorption of the uncharged pesticides (atrazine and isoproturon) was detected only on kaolinite. The lack of adsorption on alpha-alumina indicates that the uncharged pesticides have a greater affinity for the silanol surface sites (=SiOH) than for the aluminol surface sites (=AlOH) in kaolinite. No measurable effect of ionic strength was found for the uncharged pesticides. The results indicate that quartz and calcite play a smaller role than clay minerals. 相似文献
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Prem Kumar Bikkina 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1259-1271
This work presents contact angle measurements for CO2–water–quartz/calcite systems at general sequestration pressure and temperature conditions (200–3000 psig and 77–122 °F). The effect of drop volume, repeated exposure of the substrates to dense water saturated CO2, pressure and temperature on the contact angles is examined. In the 1st measurement cycle, the contact angles for the quartz substrate varied from 46 to 48° and 47 to 46° for gaseous (water saturated) CO2 and liquid (water saturated) CO2 respectively, at 77 °F. For calcite substrate, these values varied from 45 to 48° and 42 to 40°, respectively. Remarkably, this work highlights a characteristic permanent shift in the contact angle data with repeated exposure to dense, water saturated, CO2. The contact angle data trends after repeated exposure to the dense, water saturated CO2 varied from 89 to 91° and 85 to 80° for the quartz substrate for gaseous (water saturated) CO2 and liquid (water saturated) CO2 respectively, at 77 °F. For calcite substrates, these values varied from 60 to 59° and 54 to 48°, respectively. This important observation has serious implications towards the design and safety issues, as a permanent positive contact angle shift indicates lower CO2 retention capabilities of sequestration sites due to a reduction in the capillary pressure. It is further confirmed that the permanent shift in the contact angle is due to surface phenomena. With an increase in temperature (from 77 to 122 °F), the contact angle shift is reduced from about 45° to about 20° for quartz substrates. Other observations in the contact angle data with respect to pressure are in good agreement with the trends reported in the literature. 相似文献
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Caustic radioactive wastes that have leaked at Hanford Site (Richland, WA) induce mineral dissolution and subsequent secondary precipitation that influence the fate and transport of contaminants present in the waste solutions. The effects of secondary mineral precipitates, formed after contacting solids with simulated caustic wastes, on the flow path changes and radionuclide immobilization were investigated by reacting quartz, a mixture of quartz and biotite, and a Hanford sediment (Warden soil: coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Haplocambids) with simulated caustic tank waste solution. Continuous Si dissolution and concomitant secondary mineral precipitation were the principal reactions observed in both batch and flow-through tests. Nitrate-cancrinite was the dominant secondary precipitate on mineral surfaces after 3- to 10-d reaction times in batch experiments. X-ray microtomography images of a reacted quartz column revealed that secondary precipitates cemented quartz grains together and modified pore geometry in the center of the column. Along the circumference of the packed column, however, quartz dissolution continuously occurred, suggesting that wastes that leaked from buried tanks in the past likely did not migrate vertically as modeled in risk assessments but rather the pathways likely changed to be dominantly horizontal on precipitation of secondary precipitate phases in the Hanford vadose zone. Based on batch equilibrium sorption results on the reacted sediments, the dominant secondary precipitates (cancrinites) on the mineral surfaces enhanced the sorption capacity of typical Hanford sediment for radionuclides 129I(-I), 79Se(VI), 99Tc(VII), and 90Sr(II), all of which are of major concern at the Hanford Site. 相似文献
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为探讨模拟地下水微生物除铁技术的若干控制因素以及微生物除铁的部分规律,对四个装有不同粒径石英砂填料的滤柱进行人工模拟实验及分析测试。实验结果表明:滤柱的成熟过程是铁细菌有规律的增殖并固定滤料表面的铁质活性滤膜实现对亚铁离子氧化的过程。根据细菌的成长过程,滤柱除铁效果以及滤柱能够承受的负荷,把滤砂的成熟过程分为适应期、第一增长期、第二增长期和稳定期等四个时期。在实现除铁的过程中,填料大小、滤速等条件对除铁效果有着影响。 相似文献
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Fly ash samples from the five steam electric power stations of the Lignite Center of Western Macedonia were used in this study. They consisted mainly of anhydrite, lime, quartz and amorphous material as well as feldspars, calcite, micas + clays, portlandite and gehlenite which were all present in minor amounts. Anhydrite, lime and portlandite in the fly ash samples diminished upon treatment with ammonium acetate aqueous solution, whereas quartz, feldspars, gehlenite and amorphous material were enriched. The uptake ability of the fly ash samples ranged from 89 to 101 mequ./100g. The uptake ability of the samples was mainly attributed to the amorphous material and the microporous minerals, micas + clays. The amorphous material content was estimated at between 17 and 20 wt% in the treated fly ashes and may be unburned organic matter and amorphous inorganic material that resulted during the combustion of the lignite. A positive correlation was observed between the uptake ability and the total percentage of amorphous material and micas + clays. The relatively high uptake ability of the fly ash samples could lead to additional industrial and environmental uses of the fly ashes. The environmental advantage of fly ash exploitation will be particularly important for large electric power centers, such as the LCWM. 相似文献