水中总酚量的紫外分光度法的测定

为简化光度法测定水中总酚量的操作，对紫外分光光度法测定废水中总酚的方法进行改进，用碱性水溶液代替水溶液，选择λ＝２３５ｍｍ作为测定波长，对标准样品和实际废水样品进行测试，在ｐＨ＝１０～１２之间，相对误差为０．５％～１．０％，相对标准偏差为０．２％～３．０％，回收率９９％～１０２％之间，检测范围（０．０５～５）ｍｇ／Ｌ苯酚。结果准确可靠，快速、简便、成本低、易于实现自动化分析。进行适当改进，可用于自动监测。     

气相色谱法测定水中的毒鼠强

用火焰光度气相色谱法测定水中毒鼠强的含量，按正交试验法选择最佳操作条件，试验测得回收率９６．５％－１０５．４％，相对标准偏差４．９％－７．２％，线性范围２４－１２９ｍｇ，最低检出量１２ｎｇ，测定结果令人满意。     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收光度法测定底质中的Cr

提出了用微波消解，火焰原子吸收法测定底质中的Cr，探讨了不同仪器条件下，不同干扰剂对样品测试的影响，用此法对样品回收测定，回收率在95．2％－102．0％之间，相对标准差1．2％－5．8％,检测限0．036mg/L。     

高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾消化冷原子荧光法测定总悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞

测定环境大气悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞，用４种消化液进行对比实验，其中高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾混合液消化效果较好，用冷原子荧光测定操作简便，检测下限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ，重复测定９个实际样品，相对标准偏差为１１．６％，变异系数为１０．４％，添加汞标准回收率为１０２％。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定水和废水中的甲醇

讨论了用毛细管气相色谱法测定水和废水中甲醇的方法，该方法对样品用蒸馏法进行前处理，方法的相对标准偏差为2．9％，回收率为90．6％－97．8％，最低检出限为0．13ng。     

纳氏试剂比色法测定海水中的氨氮

进行了用纳氏试剂比色法直接测定海水中氨氮的试验。试验表明，可用酒石酸钾钠溶液—氢氧化钠溶液作为掩蔽剂排除海水中钙、镁离子对测定的干扰。着重对氢氧化钠溶液用量、显色剂用量和显色时间进行了试验，以用200g／L氢氧化钠溶液2．5mL，纳氏试剂1．5mL，显色25min为最佳测定条件，并对水样中的盐度影响作了考察。氨氮质量浓度在0．01mg／L—0．40mg/L范围内符合比耳定律，检出限为0．01mg／L；平行样相对偏差为9％，加标回收率在91％—108％之间；相对盐度为10—32的海水可以直接测定。     

高锰酸钾——硫酸——过硫酸钾消化冷原子荧光法测定总悬浮颗粒物中…

测定环境大气悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞，用４种消化液进行对比实验，其中高锰酸钾－硫硫－过硫酸钾混合液消化效果较好，用冷原子荧光测定操作简便，检测下限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ，重复测定９个实际样品，相对标准偏差为１１．６％，变异系数为１０．４％，添加汞标准回收率为１０２％。     

固上顶空气相色谱法测定樟脑和萘

本文对固上顶空气相色谱法的理论和测定条件进行了研究。用于樟脑和萘的测定，最小检出量达１０－９ｇ，回收率为９６．０～１０１．３％．本法基体干扰小，操作简便．     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水中的7种挥发性卤代烃

用毛细管气相色谱法同时测定饮用水中7种挥发性卤代烃的研究．实验表明，该方法前处理简单，测定方便，具有较好的灵敏度、准确度和精密度，结果令人满意．样品的加标回收率在90％～110％，相对标准偏差小于5％．     

大气飘尘中碲的测定－原子荧光法

本法使用美国进口的大流量采样器采样，用国产的玻璃纤维滤膜作滤材，以硝酸、高氯酸分解，硼氢化钾还原－无色散原子荧光法对碲进行测定。本法在采样体积３６０ｍ３，最低检出浓度５．８×１０－５μｇ／ｍ３，精密度５．７－９．６％，回收率８７．０－１１０．０％，结果令人满意，适于大气飘尘中碲的测定     

The Climate Impacts of Sulfate Aerosols

Sulfate aerosols (SO₄) from anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) generally have a cooling effect. However, if SO₂ emissions fall over time, accounting for sulfate aerosols will increase the predicted warming from greenhouse gases. This paper integrates the four marker emission scenarios for CO₂ and SO₄ from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES), the UIUC general circulation model (GCM), and a country-specific impact model (GIM) to calculate the impacts of sulfate aerosols. By 2100, lower SO₂ emissions slightly increase warming in the temperate and polar regions causing small damages in the former and small benefits in the latter. If SO₂ emissions are also lower in tropical regions, temperatures will rise causing small damages there as well. However, if SO₂ emissions rise in tropical regions, temperatures will fall leading to small benefits. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新过滤法测定清洁水样中硫酸盐的探讨

采用新的过滤法测定清洁水样硫酸盐，精密度和准确度较好，易于操作，空白吸光度既稳定又低，其分析指标符合水质分析要求。     

Characterization of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Cooling Towers

In this study, the occurrence and metabolic capacities of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were studied in 36 water samples taken from cooling towers of 30 different buildings, such as hotels and business centres in Istanbul. SRB were present in 14 cooling towers out of 30 (46.6%) buildings and while the lowest concentration of SRB was 10 cells/mL, the highest concentration was determined as 10⁴ cells/mL. After the distribution of SRB within cooling towers was determined, several strains of SRB were isolated and characterized metabolically. The isolated strains were composed of vibroid cells, growing anaerobically by using sulfate as electron acceptor and lactate or pyruvate as electron donor. They could be related to the genus Desulfovibrio. In addition, the recorded temperature of water samples was between 12 and 33C and a significant relationship between the number of SRB and the water temperatures was not found.     

天青石及锶矿中硫酸锶的测定

通过实验，解决了测定天青石中硫酸锶时的不足，结果令人满意。     

COD测定中对低浓度硫酸亚铁铵溶液标定的研究

在COD水样测定过程中,以滴定后的空白样品为介质,加入定量的重铬酸钾标准溶液对低浓度硫酸亚铁铵溶液进行标定,经校正后的标定结果显示,精密度和准确度均良好。采用此方法既省略操作步骤、节约实验试剂,同时又节省工作时间。     

Sulfate and conductivity as field indicators for detecting coal-mining pollution

A water quality assessment was conducted on three Appalachian streams polluted by coal mining at the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Tennessee and Kentucky. Results showed that sulfate was an excellent parameter for detecting the effects of coal mining and that sulfate analyses used in conjunction with conductivity readings provided the best detection index. Acidity and pH readings were relatively insensitive indicators, reflecting the mining pollution only after sulfate concentrations already indicated severe pollution levels.Hydrologist, Big South Fork NRRA, during the study; presently at Cape Lookout National SeashoreHydrologist, NPS, during the study; presently with USDA-Forest Service, Washington, DC.     

Assessment of Wet Sulfate Concentration Changes at CAPMoN Sites, Canada

This paper describes a statistical analysis of wet sulfate deposition data sampled by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) since 1988 till 1997. The goal of the investigation is to detect presence of prevailing significant changes in the probability distribution of annual samples collected by the network at each site. The considerations are based on a first order autoregression model with second order polynomial trend and methods used for analysis of variance and multiple comparison. Unlike studies suggesting existence of long term trends in the data, methods applied here indicate absence of any systematic changes in the observed annual concentration patterns at most of the sites.     

Sulfate exports from multiple catchments in a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA

Sulfate () concentrations and fluxes were studied for multiple storm events in the Point Peter Brook watershed, a glaciated, forested watershed located in Western New York, USA. Investigations were performed across one large (696 ha) and three small (1.6–3.4 ha) catchments with varying extent of riparian and wetland areas. Concentrations of in groundwater sources (mean values: 238–910 μmol_c L⁻¹) were considerably greater than concentrations recorded for rainfall (60 μmol_c L⁻¹) and throughfall (72–129 μmol_c L⁻¹). Seasonality in concentrations was most pronounced for valley-bottom riparian waters with maximum concentrations in late winter–spring (February–March) and a minimum in late summer (August). Concentrations of in wetland water were considerably less than riparian water indicating the likelihood of reduction in anoxic wetland conditions. Storm events displayed a dilution pattern in concentrations with a minimum coinciding with the maximum in throughfall contributions. End member mixing analysis (EMMA) was able to predict the storm event concentrations of for four of the six comparisons. Concentrations of at the outlet of the large (696 ha) catchment were much greater than values recorded for the smaller catchments. Exports of in streamflow exceeded the inputs from atmospheric deposition suggesting that watersheds like Point Peter Brook may not show any immediate response to decreases in atmospheric deposition.     

Impacts of Ammonium Sulfate Treatment on the Foliar Chemistry of Forest Trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine

Foliar chemistry was examined in mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in response to chronic, watershed-level additions of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]. Following four years of treatment, N concentrations were significantly higher in foliage from the treated watershed for all four species, with increases ranging from 6% in American beech to 33% in sugar maple. Sugar maple foliage from the treated watershed had significantly lower Ca concentrations (18%). Concentrations of K were significantly lower in beech (13%) and red spruce (9%) from the treated watershed. Foliar Mg was not different between watersheds. Aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in the foliage from the treated watershed for beech (18%), red maple (33%), and sugar maple (65%), but no differences in Al concentration occurred in current year red spruce foliage. Red spruce foliage resampled following a fifth year of treatment contained higher concentrations of N and Al and lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in the treated watershed. Despite these differences in red spruce foliar chemistry, wood production and density did not appear to be affected by the treatment.Differences in the foliar chemistry between the treated and untreated watershed may reflect the temporal and spatial integration of changes taking place in the soil of the treated watershed. Increased N is likely directly due to the N contained in the (NH4)2SO4 treatment. Labile Ca and other cations in the treated watershed would be expected to initially increase and then decrease in response to the treatment, with these changes beginning at the top of the forest floor. Thus, lower cation concentrations in foliage from the treated watershed may reflect the fact that cations in the uppermost portions of the soil were rapidly depleted, even though deeper soil layers were experiencing increased Ca release due to cation exchange effect of the acidification. The generally higher Al in foliage from the treated watershed is likely due to the mobilization of inorganic Al in the soil as has been reported previously for the treated watershed. Collectively these results suggest that the long-term deposition of acidifying substances containing N and S not only influence the cycling of N within these systems, but may also alter the cycling of other important nutrients and Al.