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为了保证短链和长链全氟烷基表面活性剂(PASs)均具有较高的回收率,并尽量提高方法的选择性、灵敏度和精密度,对污泥中PASs的检测方法进行了优化.在选择合适固相萃取柱的基础上,对超声波辅助溶剂萃取进行优化,以解决全氟十四烷酸(PFTA)等长链PASs回收率低的问题.同时,改造液质系统以减弱全氟辛酸(PFOA)的溶出干扰,并优化仪器检测方法以获取更佳的方法检出限(MDL)和方法定量限(MQL).研究结果表明,各种PASs的MDL和MQL分别在0.05~0.20 ng·g-1和0.20~0.40 ng·g-1的范围内,回收率介于81%±10%~118%±11%的范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)介于3%~17%的范围内,这说明优化后的检测方法在检测污泥样品时具有较高的灵敏度、准确性和精密度. 相似文献
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酚类化合物对金鱼幼鱼的雌激素效应研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用金鱼(Carassius auratus)幼鱼的卵黄蛋白原(VTG)作为雌激素污染的生物标志物,评价了几种酚类化合物的雌激素效应.实验表明鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)VTG多克隆抗体对金鱼VTG有可识别性以及肝脏匀浆法检测金鱼体内VTG的可行性,并用酶联免疫吸附法半定量地测定了几种重要酚类物质的雌激素效应.试验结果为:半静态暴露15 d后,己烯雌酚、辛基酚、壬基酚、叔丁基试验组金鱼体内VTG均有较为明显增加;五氯酚组稍有增长,四氯酚和三氯酚与空白组无明显区别;受试化学物质雌激素效应的相对强弱为:己烯雌酚>辛基酚>壬基酚>叔丁基酚>五氯酚. 相似文献
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XIAO Jun-ping WANG Xue-feng ZHOU Qing-xiang FAN Xiao-yuan SU Xian-f Bai Hua-hu DUAN Hai-jing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):622-627
A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol concentration had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10-6-9.65×10-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%. 相似文献
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我国农村生活污水具有污水量大且分散的特点,难以实现集中处理,选择处理效率高、经济性好、实用性强、便于运行维护与管理的农村生活污水处理技术和设备非常重要。综述了农村生活污水一体化处理技术,阐明一体化活性污泥衍生工艺、生物膜处理工艺、膜生物反应器工艺及其组合工艺的适用范围和优缺点,分析了适宜分散式污水处理的技术模式,即小型一体化装置处理与集中收集处理相结合。以处理量为5 t/d的小型污水处理一体化设备为基础,综合农村生活污水排放特点,对比分析了各处理工艺的污染物去除性能和经济指标,提出一体化生物接触氧化工艺、改进型生物膜与活性污泥混合工艺及在厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺段后端增加缺氧沉淀段工艺等是我国农村生活污水一体化处理技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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海水中磷化合物的分析进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前海水中P的测定方法很多,但对于低P海区及磷化合物的分类测定仍然存在很多问题。我国近海多属磷限制海域,赤潮过程中P的浓度差异很大,普通的磷钼兰测定方法已经不能满足这些研究过程的需要,研究一种精确、可靠的低含量P的分析方法迫在眉睫;另一方面,水体中生物可利用的磷化合物组分的分析成为人们关注的焦点。本文对Karl等人(1992年)提出的测定低P海区磷化合物的Mg(OH)2共沉淀方法进行分析并对其中存在的问题进行了讨论,将其与磷钼蓝方法测定结果进行对比发现对不同P测定方法的测定结果之间横向联系分析可以估计不同海区磷化合物种类的分布形式。 相似文献
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随着城市污水处理厂的大规模兴建和运营,大量剩余污泥的产生给水处理行业和环境保护带来巨大压力,污泥安全处置与资源化利用成为环保领域的热点问题。高温热解碳化剩余污泥制备污泥基活性炭材料是污泥资源化研究的重要方向之一,可实现污泥安全处置及环境修复的双重目的。目前主要的制备方法包括直接碳化法、化学活化法、催化活化法、添加碳源法等。通过概述各种制备方法的特点及产品性质,针对污泥基活性炭材料在水相中对有机污染物及重金属的吸附性能及其机理进行了分析,提出了污泥热解制备活性炭材料未来研究的主要方向,并从能源回收,特种行业污泥、废物资源化利用角度,对城市污水处理厂剩余污泥热解处置进行了展望。 相似文献
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为使医院生活污水处理后满足出水回用的要求,针对医院生活污水特点,提出预处理+接触氧化+高效沉淀+过滤消毒工艺,通过小试试验确定其最佳工艺参数,并在天津市某专科医院生活污水升级改造工程中应用。小试试验的最佳工艺条件:容积负荷为0.50 kg∕(m 3·d),pH控制在7.5~8.0,气水比为15∶1,联合投加PAC+PAM(PAC、PAM投加量分别为15.0、1.0 mg∕L),ClO2投加量为12 mg∕L。工程应用结果表明,工艺运行状况良好,处理后出水水质达到GB∕T 18920—2002《城市污水再生利用 城市杂用水水质》回用水冲厕水质要求。 相似文献
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数值模型模拟在污水处理厂二沉池设计、运行操作和优化方面具有无可替代的优势,对现有数值模型进行归纳与总结对实际应用中选择及建立模型至关重要。介绍了用于二沉池数值模拟的欧拉-拉格朗日模型、欧拉-欧拉模型和混合模型等多相模型的原理,对各模型的适用性进行阐述,总结其优点和不足;阐述了单相模型在污泥沉降中的应用原理,提出单相模型通过耦合单独的固相输运方程来描述污泥沉降运动规律,其在二沉池污泥浓度分布预测上优于多相模型;论述了污泥沉降速度模型研究现状,其中包含利用批量沉降试验的污泥间歇沉降模型和描述污水处理厂二沉池连续流污泥沉降模型;较为系统地综述了二沉池污泥负荷、几何结构、温度等因素对二沉池内水质模拟结果的影响;最后对污水处理厂二沉池数学模型的选择和沉降模型后续研究进行了展望。
相似文献11.
Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill effluent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization ( 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill effluent. 相似文献
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A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water. 相似文献
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本文阐述了三种工业废水处理方式及每种处理方法的特点,通过比较三种处理方式在资金投入、处理效果、运行费用等几方面的比较,结合工业废水水质特点、排放方式等因素对城市污水处理厂设计及运行管理的影响,并通过比较,提出了相应的污水处理厂设计及管理对策. 相似文献
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Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM)
decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from
the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain
SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM
decolorization (> 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition.
It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast
extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM
decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L.
plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize
MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated
palm oil mill e uent. 相似文献
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污泥资源化利用的途径与分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市污泥既是污染物又是一种资源。从土地利用、回收能源和生产建材等几个方面对污泥资源化利用的途径进行了介绍 ,指出了从源头控制污泥中重金属的含量对土地利用的重要性 ,讨论了利用污泥生产水泥的方法。 相似文献