汽车简易工况法与新车排放认证工况法的相关性研究

选取50辆在用轻型汽油车,对国家标准规定的瞬态工况法(IM195)、简易瞬态工况法(IG195)、稳态工况法(ASM)与新车排放认证工况法(NEDC)间污染物排放系数的相关性进行研究.结果表明:瞬态工况法与新车排放认证工况法的污染物排放系数相关性最好,CO,碳氢化合物(HC)和NO的排放系数的R〖WTBZ〗2分别为0.701 0,0.727 1和0.6609;简易瞬态工况法次之,其CO,HC和NO 排放系数与新车排放认证工况法的R2分别为0.513 8,0.484 6和0.624 5;而稳态工况法与新车排放认证工况法的相关性最差,5025工况法下的CO,HC和NO 排放系数与新车排放认证工况法的R〖WTBZ〗2分别为0.410 9,0.448 1和0.5449;2540工况法下R〖WTBZ〗2分别仅为0.364 4,0.339 5和0.457 8.引起不同方法间污染物排放系数相关性差异的主要原因包括车辆热状态、车辆试验循环工况、分析仪器的测量原理和底盘测功机的控制精度等.      

生态技术创新政府启动模式的机理与启示

生态技术创新是经济可持续发展的必要条件。由于环境资源的公共性，时滞性等特点，政府在生态技术创新过程中发挥重要的作用，是企业生态技术创新的主要推动力。政府启动模式的本 于政府借助法律或经济手段促使企业部分边际外部费用内部化。     

空气污染指数模式的改进

我国目前以空气污染指数API报告各城市的环境空气质量。由于我国各地环境空气质量状况差异很大,该方法在报告城市空气质量时具有较大的片面性,不能综合反应污染状况。本文针对现行的API指数法进行了模式推算和改进,新的计算模式可更客观全面地反映城市空气质量。     

节约用电:全球在行动

夏季是用电高峰期，电力紧缺并不只出现在中国，世界各国都正面临着这一题。为了应对“电荒”，各国都在大力倡导节约用电，招数各异，花样百出。我刊特选取国外一些节电举措。以期起到借鉴和参考的作用。     

浅谈问题导学的教学模式

问题导学,就是通过有挑战性的问题引导学生的学习,使学生在解决问题的过程中习得知识、技能,养成习惯,形成能力,健康成长。在传统的教学模式中,教师是知识的讲授者,学生是知识的接受者,学生的发展是受制于教师而被动进行的。在问题导学的教学模式中,教师是指导者,学生是知识的探索者,是基于学生、服务于学生、为了学生的。     

液化石油气泄漏规律的研究

通过对国内外液化石油气重大事故的分析提出事故泄放型,并结合生产、储存现场调查提出潜在事故泄放型,从而找出液化石油气泄漏规律,建立液化气泄漏源模式。     

探索安全监督管理新模式

为了强化油田的安全生产监督管理,胜利油田安全环保处于2004年在黄河钻井总公司等单位开展试点建立了安全监督站,并相继成立了胜利油田西部安全监督办公室和川东北安全监督办公室.2005年,油田主要生产单位也相继建立了安全监督站,初步形成了覆盖油田生产作业现场的安全监督网络.监督站的运行方式是拉网式、全天候对生产作业场所进行监督检查,采用了旬通报、月公报和网上通报等方式,取得了一定的效果,使得油田的安全生产形势有所好转.2005年10月11日,胜利油田安全生产监察支队挂牌成立,标志着胜利油田正式建立起了五级安全监督检查队伍.在此对监察支队的管理和运行模式进行初步的探讨.     

综合型工业园生态化模式探讨

依照产业生态学原理,循着生态工业园发展的道路,是我国工业园发展的目标。但如何将已有的综合型工业园建成生态工业园,是一个新课题。本文界定了综合型工业园的概念,分析了综合型工业园的特征,就产业链构建和管理,探讨了综合型工业园生态化的模式。     

The action spectrum for maximal photosensitivity of germination

 Fruits of Garden Lettuce, imbibed in 0.01 M KNO₃, were depleted of maternal active phytochrome B by saturating deep-red exposure and photosensitized by chilling for 1 week at 4  °C. Twenty saturated fluence-response curves for photoinduced germination were elaborated between 300 and 800 nm, using exposure periods from 6 to 600 s at 22.5  °C; there is linear and closely parallel regression in the logarithmic probability net. The reciprocals of the half-response fluences obtained gave the apparent conversion spectrum of the controlling pigments and this was corrected for the transmittance of the seed-coat. It is a phytochrome spectrum of P _r with photoconversion cross-sections of 1.2·10⁹ and 4.5·10³ m² mol^–1 at 666 and 800 nm, respectively. This means that for half-saturated germination of sensitized seed, fewer than 1 out of 200,000 phytochrome A molecules have to be photoconverted to P _fr, and no photo-reversibility by deep-red was found. Therefore, all spectral colours of nightly moon- or skylight should stimulate the germination of sensitized weed seeds if they are exposed at the soil surface between sequential tillage operations. Received: 28 April 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 28 July 2000     

Herbicide activity of monosulfuron and its mode of action

Monosulfuron was developed for weed control in the field of wheat( Triticum, aestivum L.) and millet( Panicum miliaceum L.)with the application rate ranging from 15 to 60 g ai/hm^2 . Herbicidal.activity of monosulfuron was evaluated systematically by bioassay using maize( Zea mays L. ) taproot as indicator and weed fresh weight of Acalypha australis L. and Echinochloa phyllopogon. Maize CAU 3138 was the most tolerant cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 (concentration of .50% inhibition) of 8.5μg/kg, Yedan 13 was one of the most sensitive cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 of 6.4 μg/kg. Monosulfuron inhibited the growth of Acalypha australis L. strongly comparing with that of Echinochloa phyllopogon. Monosulfuron was a good acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitor in vitro, the 150 (50% of inhibition) of monosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, tdbenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron for CAU 3138 were 32, 2, 19 and 26 nmol/L respectively, for Yedan 13 the /50 were 1.5, 3, 17 and 6.5 nmol/L respectively. In vivo ALS inhibition occurred only in higher concentration of 4 sulfonylurea herbicide tested. Comparison study of this test indicated that the mode of action of monosulfuron was the same as that of other sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron, they were all inhibitors targeted at the ALS.     

Photodynamic action of some sensitizers by photooxidation of luminol

We report the development of a novel simple experimental method which allows the comparison of new photosensitizers based on their production of reactive oxygen species. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay permits the monitoring of several substances (sensitizer, reactant and oxidized end product) simultaneously on a single chromatogram. Photoreactions were monitored throughout their course by the HPLC assay surveying the sensitizers' efficiency of singlet oxygen production by the oxidative decomposition of luminol. Several photosensitizers were tested: Rose Bengal, Methylene Blue, Protoporphyrin IX, Photosan III, Photofrin, Hypericin and Pseudohypericin. Additionally, photoreactions were monitored by a standard pO₂ detection system. The measurements of the two detection methods were strongly correlated. Rose Bengal proved to be the most efficient photosensitizer, clearly decreasing the luminol concentration and causing a corresponding increase in aminophthalic acid. Our experiments show that when factors necessary for photochemical reactions are absent or are blocked (antioxidants), no reaction can be detected.