Fenton试剂预处理提高钻井废水可生化性

采用Fenton试剂预处理钻井废水,研究了Fenton反应中各影响因子对废水COD去除率、 BOD5/COD值的影响并分析其作用机制,确定了最佳条件,即初始pH为4.0, H2O2/Fe2 (摩尔浓度比, c∶c)＝20, H2O2/COD (质量浓度比, w∶w)＝1,反应时间为2 h.在该条件下,废水的COD去除率约为40%, BOD5/COD值从0.002～0.003提高至0.15～0.2,可生化性得到很大提高,为后续生物处理创造了条件.紫外-可见吸收光谱分析表明,可生化性的改善主要是由于有机物的分子结构发生了变化.     

臭氧氧化印染废水生化出水的生化降解特性

测定了不同比臭氧消耗量条件下,印染废水生化出水中生化可降解溶解性有机碳（BDOC）在28 d内的变化过程,并对接种培养前后的三维荧光光谱进行了分析.结果表明,臭氧氧化能有效降低印染废水生化出水的色度和芳香度,明显提高可生化性.在比臭氧消耗量2.7 mg.mg-1条件下,预计臭氧氧化和生物滤池联用技术对DOC的去除率约为54%.另外,亲水性有机物对BDOC的贡献率与比臭氧消耗量呈正比关系.类腐殖和类色氨酸物质的荧光强度在一定程度上反映了生化难降解有机物的含量.     

电化学氧化耦合铁感应电极激发过硫酸盐氧化处理焦化废水生化出水

采用电化学氧化(EC)耦合铁(IP)感应电极激发过硫酸盐(KPS)氧化处理焦化废水生化出水,在反应器阴、阳极之间等距离嵌入铁板构建电化学双电解反应体系.该体系中,铁板作为感应电极,充当阳极材料的同时兼具有阴极材料的作用,加快过硫酸盐的活化.在电化学氧化耦合铁感应电极激发过硫酸盐(EC/IP/KPS)试验中,分别将电解时间(0—50 min)、电流密度(0—60 mA·cm~(-2))和过硫酸钾(KPS)投加量(0—5 mmol·L~(-1))作为控制条件,探讨了在不同的影响条件下该电化学反应体系对水中COD、TOC及UV_(254)等有机物污染指标的降解程度.在此基础上,利用SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS等对EC/IP/KPS过程中产生的絮凝物进行了表征,进而推断EC/IP/KPS系统的反应机理.结果表明,在EC/IP/KPS系统中的耦合作用下,当电解时间为30 min、电流密度为30 mA·cm~(-2)、过硫酸钾浓度为2 mmol·L~(-1)时,COD去除率可达77.0%、TOC去除率为54.0%,UV_(254)值明显降低.此外,还对3种不同的实验过程进行了对比,发现EC/IP/KPS系统的处理效果要明显优于KPS和EC/IP处理体系.     

三维电催化氧化处理难生化降解有机废水研究进展

难降解有机废水成分复杂、危害大,易导致癌变、畸变,对人类健康产生重大影响,是需要优先治理的环境问题.在许多情况下,采用传统生物法和物理化学法来处理难生化处理有机废水很难达到理想的处理效果,并且其操作工艺复杂,成本相对较高.三维电催化氧化技术的出现为难降解有机废水的处理提供了一种绿色环保高效的方法.三维电催化氧化体系具有...     

Fenton试剂预处理H酸废水的影响因素及其可生化性

采用Fenton度剂预处理低浓度难降解的H酸废水,探讨了pH,Fe^2 ,H2O2,反应时间和H酸浓度对废水CODcr去除效果的影响,结果表明,各因素对废水CODcr去除效果影响较大,对CODcr为810mg.l^-1的H酸废水,Fenton试剂预处理的最佳条件;pH为5.5,3%H2O2的观加量为5%,10g.l^-1FeSO4的投加量为7%,反应时间为90min,此条件下CODcr去除率为55.3%-58.7%,可生化值CODB/CODcr从6.3%-6.7%上升到62.2%-68.4%。     

制药废水的可生物降解性与生物毒性研究

制药废水有机物含量高,难生物降解成分多,有些成分可抑制污泥活性或具有生物毒性.以某制药企业维生素生产的7个工段(W1 ～ W7)的排放废水为研究对象,用摇瓶试验评价了各工段废水的可生物降解性能,用瓦勃氏呼吸仪测试了各工段废水对污泥活性的抑制作用,用发光菌急性毒性试验评价了各工段废水经好氧生物处理前后的生物毒性变化.研究...     

电化学氧化法处理微污染水中的氮

采用电化学氧化法,对微污染河水中氨氮(NH3-N)和总氮(TN)的去除效果进行了研究.结果表明,电化学氧化法是一种适宜于微污染水脱氮的技术.根据电解效果影响因素的筛选,最佳工艺条件为:极板间距1.0 cm,水力停留时间10 min,操作电压11 V;此时,NH3-N去除率可达到74.2%,TN去除率可达到63.8%.同时考察了Cl-的含量对NH3-N去除效果的影响,结果表明,在操作电压为8 V,极板间距为1.0 cm时,以氨氮去除率50%为目标,最佳投盐比为3:1(Cl-与NH3-N的物质的量之比).     

还原铁法处理印染废水生化出水及原理

采用还原铁粉处理印染废水生化出水,以ADMI7.6作为主要测试指标,考察铁粉投加量、反应时间以及进水pH对出水水质的影响,并研究在此过程中铁粉还原作用和混凝絮凝作用对整体效果的贡献比.结果表明,条件1:铁粉投加量=1.0 g.L-1,反应时间150 min,进水pH 2;条件2:铁粉投加量1.0 g.L-1,反应时间150 min,进水pH 3.条件1时,ADMI7.6去除率达到80%,但铁泥量大,酸碱消耗大,在此反应条件下,铁粉还原去除40%,混凝絮凝去除60%;条件2时,ADMI7.6去除率达到50%左右,产铁泥量小,经济合理;在此反应条件下,铁粉还原去除55%—63%左右,混凝絮凝去除37%—45%左右.经XAD8/XAD4树脂联用,分析疏水酸、非酸疏水物质、弱疏水物质及亲水物质4类有机物的去除情况表明,条件1时,能够高效去除非酸疏水物质,去除率为95%,对于疏水酸以及弱疏水物质也有一定的去除效果;条件2时,对4类有机物去除均有一定作用,但对于非酸疏水物质以及疏水酸的去除效果要略差于条件1.     

光催化氧化（UV+TiO2）法处理印染废水生化出水及其各类有机物去除

采用UV+TiO2光催化氧化法处理印染废水生化出水,考察了反应时间、TiO2投加量以及初始pH对反应的影响,结果表明,TiO2投加量800 mg·L-1,反应时间8 h,反应pH为原水pH(6.5～8.0),在此操作条件下,ADMI7.6、DOC和COD的去除率分别为86%、20%及46%;选取两组反应条件,对其进出水采用XAD-8/XAD-4树脂联用技术,分析疏水酸、非酸疏水物质、弱疏水物质及亲水物质4类有机物的去除情况,结果表明,UV+TiO2光催化氧化处理工艺都能够长期有效去除印染废水生化出水中的弱疏水物质、疏水物质和非酸疏水物质引起的色度.     

缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用内填弹性立体填料的缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水，试验效果良好。当总水力停留时间≥３５．２ｈ，ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ＿３─Ｎ的去除率分别这８２％和９６％以上，出水浓度均达到国家排放标准。     

Fenton——聚硅铝铁处理生活垃圾压滤液研究

为了降低生活垃圾压滤液污染负荷,为后续生化处理的正常运行创造良好条件,针对垃圾压滤液污染特性,以CODCr去除率为指标,通过正交实验和单因素实验研究了Fenton—聚硅铝铁混凝法处理城市生活垃圾压滤液的最优反应条件和处理效果。结果表明:采用该工艺处理垃圾压滤液时,pH值对CODCr去除率影响最大,其次是PSAF,再次是H2O2和FeSO4,在最优反应条件下,浊度去除率达到95.3%,CODCr去除率达到86.7%,BOD5去除率达到81.6%,浊度、CODCr、BOD5分别下降到86NTU、4201 mg.L-1、855 mg.L-1。     

Removal of carbamazepine from urban wastewater by sulfate radical oxidation

The occurrence of bioactive trace pollutants such as pharmaceuticals in natural waters is an emerging issue. Numerous pharmaceuticals are not completely removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants. Advanced oxidation processes may represent an interesting alternative to completely mineralize organic trace pollutants. In this article, we show that sulfate radicals generated from peroxymonosulfate/Co^II are more efficient than hydroxyl radicals generated from the Fenton’s reagent (H₂O₂/Fe^II) for the degradation of the pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of SO₄ ^·− with carbamazepine is 1.92·10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹. In laboratory grade water and in real urban wastewater, SO₄ ^·− yielded a faster degradation of carbamazepine compared to HO^· . Under strongly oxidizing conditions, a nearly complete mineralization of carbamazepine was achieved, while under mildly oxidizing conditions, several intermediates were identified by LC–MS. These results show for the first time in real urban wastewater that sulfate radicals are more selective than hydroxyl radicals for the oxidation of an organic pollutant and may represent an interesting alternative in advanced oxidation processes.     

Wet oxidation of debarking water: changes in lignin content and biodegradability

The purpose of the research was to estimate optimal conditions for wet oxidation (WO) of debarking water from the paper industry. The WO experiments were performed at various temperatures, partial oxygen pressures and pHs. The experiments showed that lignin degradation and organics removal are affected remarkably by temperature and pH. At different WO conditions (pH 12, T 130–200°C), 78–97% of lignin reduction was detected. pH value of 12 caused faster removal of tannins/lignin content; pH value of five was more effective for removal of total organics, represented by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon. The highest biodegradability [biological oxygen demand (BOD)/COD] of 0.72 was obtained at a pH of ten and temperature of 200°C.     

Microwave and Fenton's reagent oxidation of wastewater

We compared two H₂O₂ oxidation methods for the treatment of industrial wastewater: oxidation using Fenton's reagent [H₂O₂/Fe(II)] and microwave irradiation. Both methods were applied to the treatment of synthetic phenol solutions (100 mg L⁻¹) and of an industrial effluent containing a mixture of ionic and non-ionic surfactants at high load (20 g L⁻¹ of COD). The effects of initial pH, initial H₂O₂ concentration, Fenton catalyst amount and irradiation time were assessed. According to the oxidation of phenol, it has been found that the oxidation by Fenton's reagent is dependent on the pH, contrary to the microwave system, which is not influenced by this parameter. For both systems, a limiting amount of oxidant has been found; above this point the oxidation of phenol is not improved by a further addition of peroxide. The oxidation of the industrial surfactant effluent has only been successful with the Fenton's reagent. In this case, large amounts of ferrous ions are necessary for the precipitation of the ionic surfactants of the effluent, followed by the oxidation of the non-ionic constituents of the solution. Electronic Publication     

Combined treatment of phenolic wastewater by wet air oxidation and activated sludge

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is employed in this work for treating high concentration chemical wastewater containing phenol and/or phenolic compounds. Experimental results indicate that over 90% removal of phenol or phenolic compounds can be efficiently achieved in the WAO process. Despite of the high treatment efficiency of the WAO process, the treated wastewater, however, still retains relatively high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and does not meet the safe discharge standard. Hence further treatment of the WAO treated wastewater by an aerobic biological treatment using acclimatized activated sludge is necessary. It is found in the present studies that the combined process, if appropriately operated, is capable of drastically reducing the COD concentration of the high concentration chemical wastewater to meet the safe discharge requirement. The operating conditions of the combined process are investigated to determine their respective effects on the overall treatment efficiency. The experimental data also indicate that the oxidation reaction can be represented by a first order kinetics in terms of the component or COD concentration. For both single component and multicomponent wastewaters, the WAO process was found to have different activation energy for oxidation below and above 200°C, suggesting possibly different reaction mechanisms between these temperature ranges. The experimental results provided in the present work can provide significant and practical information for optimizing the combined treatment method.     

铝电极-低压脉冲电解含油废水影响因素

高压脉冲电源耗电量大,反应器绝缘安全要求高,不利于工业化应用.为了降低电耗、电极损失,采用铝电极-低压脉冲电解方法,对难降解的含油废水去油影响因素进行了单因子试验研究.结果表明:该方法对质量浓度为95.0 mg·L-1的含油废水中油的去除率超过65%.油去除率随电解时间、电压增加而增大,电解时间达到50 min、电压大于7 V以后受油分子扩散浓度影响而增加缓慢;适宜占空比、脉冲频率即可发挥脉冲作用,消除钝化效果,又可增强电解效果;体系pH值对电解影响较大,碱性条件有较好的电解效果;适量增加电解质用量可以提高油去除率;电极间距主要影响电耗,随间距减小耗电量增加.     

微波诱导活性炭氧化降解阳离子红GTL废水的特性

采用微波诱导氧化工艺技术,以活性炭为催化剂,对阳离子红GTL染料废水进行氧化处理,考察了活性炭用量、微波功率、反应时间及染料初始质量浓度对阳离子红GTL去除率的影响,利用SEM/EDS、BET表征了反应前后活性炭的结构及组分变化.结果表明:微波和活性炭具有协同效应;在pH=7.0,活性炭用量4 g,阳离子红质量浓度为50 mg·L-1,微波功率300 W,反应时间4 min的条件下,阳离子红GTL去除率达到99.4%;活性炭的结构与组分影响阳离子红GTL的微波处理效果.     

基于微生物电化学技术的萘普生高盐废水处理

制药废水是环境中萘普生的主要来源之一,因废水中含盐量较高,传统生物法对其中萘普生的去除效果有限,因此研究如何快速去除制药废水中的萘普生污染以及如何获得高盐废水中快速降解萘普生的功能菌群对生态环境具有重要意义.本研究基于长期驯化的混菌,研究微生物电化学技术在0.3%—3.0%不同盐度下对萘普生的去除效果.驯化后的混菌在108 h对8 mg·L~(-1)萘普生的去除率达到75%以上,并且在3.0%的高盐度下经过108 h去除率可达98%.通过高通量测序技术分析发现,发现相比于原始接种源,在门水平上,驯化后的微生物群落中厚壁菌门(Firmuicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidales)相对丰度显著增加;而在属水平,在0.3%—1.0%盐度下,真细菌属(Eubacterium spp.)的丰度显著增加至27.9%—50.5%,Bacteroides和Dysgonomonas等也分别从0.05%、0.03%增加至2.7%—6.8%和10.0%—19.9%;值得注意的是,Castellaniella和Pseudomonas在3.0%的高盐度下显著富集至6.9%和37.3%.本研究表明,Eubacterium、Dysgonomonas、Bacteroides等菌属能够耐受较低的盐度(0.3%—1.0%),且可能在降解转化萘普生体系中发挥作用;Castellaniella和Pseudomonas会在3.0%的高盐环境下富集,可能是两类较好耐盐性且具有较强萘普生降解能力的功能微生物.     

Characterization of electrode fouling during electrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutant

• Electrode fouling is characterized by non-destructive characterization. • Electrode fouling is highly dependent on electrochemical process. • Active chlorine can prevent the formation of polymeric fouling film. Electrode fouling is a problem that commonly occurs during electro-oxidation water purification. This study focused on identifying the fouling behavior of Pt electrode associated with the formation of polymeric layer during electro-oxidation of phenol. The in situ electrochemical measurements and non-destructive observation of the electrode morphology were reported. The results demonstrated that the electrode fouling was highly dependent on thermodynamic process of electrode that was controlled by anode potential. At anode potential lower than 1.0 V vs SHE, the direct electro-oxidation caused the electrode fouling by the formation of polymeric film. The fouling layer decreased the electrochemically active surface area from 8.38 cm² to 1.57 cm², indicated by the formation of polymeric film with thickness of 2.3 mm, increase in mass growing at a rate of 3.26 μg/cm²/min. The degree to which the anode was fouled was independent of anion in the electrolyte. In comparison, at anode potential higher than 2.7 V vs SHE, the anions (e.g., chloride) could exert a major influence to the behavior of electrode fouling. The presence of chloride was shown to mitigate the fouling of electrode significantly through preventing the formation of polymeric film by active chlorine (e.g., Cl• and Cl₂) produced from anodic oxidation of chloride. Since chloride is the most abundant anionic species existing in both natural and engineered water system, this study not only offers a deep insight into the mechanism of electrode fouling, but also suggests strategies for anti-fouling in the presence of chloride in electro-oxidation process.     

NaClO催化氧化法降解活性黄X-R废水和该方法的适用范围

采用NaClO催化氧化法对活性黄X-R废水进行了脱色降解的系统研究,探讨了反应条件对脱色效果的影响,分析了染料的降解机理.结果表明,该方法对染料的脱色率不到50％,脱色率随着染料和有效氯浓度的增加而略微增大,随着初始pH的上升而减小,催化剂的投加对脱色率的影响甚微.NaClO氧化法的对比实验结果表明,NaClO的直接氧...