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1.
太湖表层沉积物中PAHs的空间分布及风险评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用GC-MS方法测定了太湖湖区20个典型采样点表层沉积物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,共检出13种PAHs,其浓度〔w(PAHs)〕范围为4223~2 0011 μgkg. 其中,属于我国优先控制的污染物有5种,属于US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)优先控制的污染物有11种,w(PAHs)为2775~1 7568 μgkg,最高浓度出现在太湖梅梁湾区域,PAHs在湖区总体的空间分布趋势呈梅梁湾>南部区>东部区>湖心区. 风险评价结果表明,针对检测出的11种US EPA优先控制的PAHs,除了某些采样点的芴(Flu)浓度处于中度潜在风险水平外,其余10种PAHs尚未对水环境造成明显危害风险影响. 利用特征化合物指数法对PAHs进行源分析发现,其主要来源是燃料燃烧. 相似文献
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半渗透膜采样技术(SPMD)模拟了生物富集水中疏水性有机污染物的过程,并且可以用来监测生物有效态污染物的长期平均浓度.但是在野外条件下SPMD和鱼体生物富集作用的比较研究相对较少.本工作在太湖梅梁湾选取了5个站点,同时放置SPMD和笼养的鲫鱼暴露32 d,以研究水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)在SPMD和鱼体内的富积规律.结果表明,SPMD和鲫鱼所富集的多环芳烃在组分构成和相对富集量上类似,不同采样点的各种多环芳烃的生物浓缩因子(lg BCF)和器件富集因子(lg DCF)之间存在显著相关性(p<0.000 1).定量的分析数据表明,鱼体和SPMD对PAHs的富集量在脂类归一化后差异不大,两者的比值在0.47和4.12之间变动,有较好的可比性.因此认为,SPMD能够模拟淡水湖泊中鱼类富集多环芳烃的过程,可以用来估算多环芳烃在鱼体中的浓度水平. 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):376-387
In the oxidation treatment of textile dyeing sludge, the quantitative and transformation laws of organic chlorine are not clear enough. Thus, this study mainly evaluated the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton and Fenton-like system from the aspects of the influence of Cl−, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic carbon, and the removal and formation mechanism of organic chlorine. The results showed that the organic halogen in sludge was mainly hydrophobic organic chlorine, and the content of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) was 0.30 mg/g (dry sludge). In the Fenton system with pH=3, 500 mg/L Cl−, 30 mmol/L Fe2+ and 30 mmol/L H2O2, the removal of phenanthrene was promoted by chlorine radicals (•Cl), and the AOCl in sludge solid phase increased to 0.55 mg/g (dry sludge) at 30 min. According to spectral analysis, it was found that •Cl could chlorinate aromatic and aliphatic compounds (excluding PAHs) in solid phase at the same time, and eventually led to the accumulation of aromatic chlorides in solid phase. Strengthening the oxidation ability of Fenton system increased the formation of organic chlorines in liquid and solid phases. In weak acidity, the oxidation and desorption of superoxide anion promoted the removal and migration of PAHs and organic carbon in solid phase, and reduced the formation of total organic chlorine. The Fenton-like system dominated by non-hydroxyl radical could realize the mineralization of PAHs, organic carbon and organic chlorines instead of migration. This paper builds a basis for the selection of sludge conditioning methods. 相似文献
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采用被动式采样器SPMD结合H4ⅡE鼠肝癌细胞离体EROD测试的方法来评价水体中Ah受体效应物质的污染水平.以多环芳烃(PAHs)为目标化合物,在太湖梅梁湾地区选取了5个站点,同时放置SPMD采样器和笼养鲫鱼进行32 d的现场原位暴露实验,然后对SPMD样品提取液进行化学分析和离体EROD测试,对鱼肌肉样进行化学分析和对肝胰脏样进行活体EROD测试.结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,SPMD样品提取液诱导EROD酶的能力逐渐增强,经过32 d暴露的SPMD样品的提取液其诱导的EROD酶活相当于TCDD的毒性当量值为3.8~6.2 pg/g,而且根据化学分析结果计算的PAHs相当于TCDD的毒性当量值与离体生物测试结果之间相关性很好(R2=0.88),说明PAHs是引起该地区水体EROD效应的一个重要诱导因子;根据化学分析结果而配制的模拟样品的离体EROD测试结果表明,多环芳烃类物质对梅梁湾地区水体Ah受体效应的贡献约为40%~50%.研究还发现,SPMD提取液离体EROD测试结果与同时暴露的鱼体肝胰脏的活体EROD测定结果之间也存在较好的相关性(R2=0.62).因此认为,SPMD结合离体EROD测试的方法能够很好的用于评价水体中Ah受体效应物质的污染水平,并能够用于揭示特定化合物与相应的生物效应之间的定量关系. 相似文献
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Changchun Huang Yixin Bai Kunlin Shi Heyu Yu Nana Shang Weiyue Hao Chuan Wang Tao Huang Hao Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(11):224-233
Receptor models are a useful tool for identifying sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multiple environmental media. In this study, three different receptor models (including the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Unmix models) were used to apportion the sources of 16 priority PAHs in a sediment core of Lake Dagze Co. The ∑PAHs (sum of all 16 measured PAHs) concentrations ranged from 51.89 to 132.82 ng/g with an average of 80.39 ng/g. The ∑PAHs were dominated by 2-3 ring PAHs, accounting for 80.12% on average, thereby indicating that they mainly originated from biomass and coal combustion and/or from long-range atmospheric transportation. The three models produced consistent source apportionment results. The greatest contributor to ∑PAHs was biomass combustion, followed by coal combustion, vehicle emissions, and petrogenic sources. Moreover, the temporal variation of the common sources was well-correlated among models. The multi-method comparison and evaluation results showed that all three models were useful tools for source apportionment of PAHs, with the PMF model providing better results than the PCA-MLR and Unmix models. The temporal trends of factor contributions were verified by PAHs with different ring numbers. Significant correlations were found between the simulated concentrations of each source factor and the PAHs with different ring numbers (P<0.01), except for the petrogenic source identified by the Unmix model (P>0.05). This study can provide useful information for further investigation of source apportionment of PAHs in the sediment cores. 相似文献
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Tayssir Kadri Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Maximiliano Cledon Saurabhjyoti Sarm Mausam Verma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):52-74
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of chemicals. They represent animportant concern due to their widespread distribution in the environment, theirresistance to biodegradation, their potential to bioaccumulate and their harmful effects.Several pilot treatments have been implemented to prevent economic consequences anddeterioration of soil and water quality. As a promising option, fungal enzymes are regardedas a powerful choice for degradation of PAHs. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatusand Bjerkandera adusta are most commonly used for the degradation of such compoundsdue to their production of ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, manganeseperoxidase and laccase. The rate of biodegradation depends on many culture conditions,such as temperature, oxygen, accessibility of nutrients and agitated or shallow culture.Moreover, the addition of biosurfactants can strongly modify the enzyme activity. The removal of PAHs is dependent on the ionization potential. The study of the kinetics is not completely comprehended, and it becomes morem hallenging when fungi are applied for bioremediation. Degradation studies in soil are much more complicated than liquid cultures because of the heterogeneity of soil, thus, many factors should be considered when studying soil bioremediation, such as desorption and bioavailability of PAHs. Different degradation pathways can be suggested. The peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes having common catalytic cycles. One molecule of hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the resting enzyme withdrawing two electrons. Subsequently, the peroxidase is reduced back in two steps of one electron oxidation. Laccases are copper-containing oxidases. They reduce molecular oxygen to water and oxidize phenolic compounds. 相似文献
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为掌握北京市备用水源地——官厅水库周边的蔬菜地表土中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况及来源,于2008年11月在延庆县小丰营蔬菜产地采集了48个表土样品(0~20cm)测定PAHs含量,并综合特征化合物比值法和因子分析/多元线性回归两种方法推断了土壤中PAHs来源.结果表明,土壤中15种PAHs单体(PAH15)的含量均服从正态分布或对数正态分布,∑15PAH几何均值为(118.71±28.63)ng·g-1(干重含量,下同),算术均值为(139.57±85.65)ng·g-1.以荷兰土壤标准衡量,71%的样点归类PAHs弱污染,与文献报道的大多数国内外农业土壤相比,尚属于较清洁的水平.成分谱分析表明,研究区域土壤中的PAHs分布谱以3环~4环化合物为主,优势化合物为PHE、FLA、FLO、PYR.校正后的FLA/(FLA+PYR),ANT/(ANT+PHE)比值表明该研究区域PAHs主要来自燃烧源.通过因子分析提取了3个主成分,分别代表①燃煤和交通燃油;②生物质燃烧和炼焦;③燃油.多元线性回归分析的结果表明,这3种来源对官厅水库周边蔬菜地表土中PAHs的贡献分别是54.0%,39.9%和6.1%.结合两种源解析方法和排放源分析,除该区域存在明显生物质燃烧源以外,其它来源的PAHs经过了一定距离的大气迁移和沉降. 相似文献
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焦化厂土壤和地下水中PAHs分布特征及其污染过程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以煤炭为原料的焦化厂是环境中PAHs的主要人为污染源. 针对US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)优先控制的16种PAHs,对苏南某生产历史长达16 a、面积为44.58×104 m2的焦化厂土壤样品中的w(PAHs)以及地下水样品中的ρ(PAHs)进行了分析,并采用统计学方法对PAHs的分布规律进行了研究. 结果表明:表层土壤中除二苯并[a,h]蒽外,其他15种PAHs均被检出;w(2~3环PAHs)平均值占w(∑PAHs)平均值的92.6%,明显高于w(4~6环PAHs). 地下水中只检出强亲水性的萘、二氢苊、苊、芴、菲、蒽等6种低环PAHs,但未迁移至厂外. 厂区内土壤和地下水中PAHs污染均具有典型的区域分布特征,并且均为化厂车间最严重. 土壤防污性能的差异使PAHs在3.0 m黏土层〔Ky(垂向渗透系数)=1.28×10-8 cm/s〕中富集. 高环PAHs主要与有机质结合以固相迁移,因w(TOC)随深度增加而下降,部分高w(高环PAHs)点位土壤有机质吸附过饱和,未被吸附的高环PAHs向深层迁移至5.0 m含水层顶板,但因强疏水性未进入7.0 m含水层. 强亲水性低环PAHs以溶解态迁移进入含水层,但因地下水流动缓慢(流速为3.71×10-6 cm/s),PAHs污染区仅集中在化厂车间及其附近区域. 相似文献
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Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were detected in benthos collected onboard the ‘Snow Dragon’ in the Northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf during the 6 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 2014). 18 PAHs for all biota samples ranged from 34.2 to 128.1 ng/g dry weight(dw), with the highest concentration observed in fish muscle( Boreogadus saida) samples close to St. Lawrence Island. The PAH composition pattern was dominated by the presence of lighter 3 r... 相似文献
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滴水湖水系沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2012年,每两个月采集一次上海人工滩涂湖泊——滴水湖水系表层沉积物,检测16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明,滴水湖水系∑PAHs变化范围为74.03~579.20ng/g,平均值为272.55ng/g.其中,闸外引水河[(407.64±6.90)ng/g]≈闸内引水河[(427.99±213.84)ng/g]>滴水湖[(156.33±62.00)ng/g].研究区各点蒽/(蒽+菲)比值均大于0.1,说明PAHs主要来自于石油燃烧源.生态风险评价表明,滴水湖水系沉积物PAHs不存在严重的生态风险,但闸外和闸内引水河沉积物PAHs存在较低几率的潜在风险,湖区沉积物PAHs则无潜在风险. 相似文献
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Yearly variation in characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-PAHs in urban shanghai from 2010–2018
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Lu Yang Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Quanyu Zhou Lulu Zhang Qing Wu Zhijun Zhou Renjie Chen Akira Torib Kazuichi Hayakaw Ning Tang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):72-79
This study encompassed the regular observation of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in particulate matter (PM) in Shanghai in summer and winter from 2010 to 2018. The results showed that the mean concentrations of ?PAHs in summer decreased by 24.7% in 2013 and 18.1% in 2017 but increased by 10.2% in 2015 compared to the data in 2010. However, the mean concentrations of ?PAHs in winter decreased by 39.7% from 2010 (12.8 ± 4.55 ng/m3) to 2018 (7.72 ± 3.33 ng/m3), and the mean concentrations of 1-nitropyrene in winter decreased by 79.0% from 2010 (42.3 ± 16.1 pg/m3) to 2018 (8.90 ± 2.09 pg/m3). Correlation analysis with meteorological conditions revealed that the PAH and NPAH concentrations were both influenced by ambient temperature. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and factor analysis showed that they were mainly affected by traffic emissions with some coal and/or biomass combustion. The ratio of 2-nitrofluoranthene to 2-nitropyrene was near 10, which indicated that the OH radical-initiated reaction was the main pathway leading to their secondary formation. Moreover, backward trajectories revealed different air mass routes in each sampling period, indicating a high possibility of source effects from the northern area in winter in addition to local and surrounding influences. Meanwhile, the mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations in Shanghai in winter decreased by 50.8% from 2010 (1860 ± 645 pg/m3) to 2018 (916 ± 363 pg/m3). These results indicated the positive effects of the various policies and regulations issued by Chinese authorities. 相似文献
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典型土壤中多环芳烃纵向迁移过程模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择北京潮土、清源潮棕壤、江西红壤和黑龙江黑土4种典型土壤,采用土柱淋滤模拟实验方法,以菲和芘为代表,对比考察多环芳烃在不同土壤中的纵向迁移过程,综合分析土壤基本理化性质对多环芳烃纵向迁移过程的影响。结果表明:土壤细颗粒(0~20μm)含量和土壤有机质是制约多环芳烃在土壤中纵向迁移的主要因素,容重和阳离子交换量对该环境过程影响不大。淋滤结束后土柱中多环芳烃残留量监测结果显示:北京潮土中,菲和芘的平均浓度最低,分别为8.81,9.94 mg/kg;黑龙江黑土中,两者的残留浓度最高,分别达14.62、17.02 mg/kg。最后,SPSS相关性分析结果表明,土柱中菲、芘的残留量与土壤细颗粒(0~20μm)含量的相关系数分别为0.99和0.93,与土壤有机质的相关系数分别为0.74和0.88。 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2024,36(2):201-212
In situ measurement of multiple pollutants coexisting in sediment porewater is an essential step in comprehensively assessing the bioavailability and risk of pollutants, but to date, this needs to be better developed. In this study, a passive sampler, consisting of an “I-shaped” supporting frame and inorganic/organic sampling units, incorporating equilibrium dialysis theory and kinetic/equilibrium sorption principle, was developed for the synchronous measurement of inorganic (e.g., phosphorus and metal(loid)s) and organic pollutants (e.g., parent and substituted PAHs). The equilibrium time and sampling rates were explored in laboratory tests to support in situ application. Profiles of pollutants in porewater within a vertical resolution of centimeters, i.e., 1 cm and 2 cm for inorganic and organic pollutants, respectively, were obtained by field deployment of the sampler for further estimation of diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water interface. The results suggested that the role of sediments for a specific pollutant may change (e.g., from “sink” to “source”) during the sampling time. This study demonstrated the feasibility of synchronous measurement of inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater by the passive sampler. In addition, it provided new insight for further investigation into the combined pollution effects of various pollutants in sediments. 相似文献
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利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)以及气相质谱法(GC/MS),以白洋淀典型区域(鱼塘、开阔水域)的清淤区和未清淤区作为采样点,探究清淤前后沉积物样品中22种抗生素和16种多环芳烃的分布特征,并评价其风险.结果表明,白洋淀沉积物中22种抗生素的含量范围为0~52.89 ng ·g-1,其中喹诺酮类抗生素含量最高.南刘庄开阔水域的抗生素平均含量为46.25 ng ·g-1,远高于采蒲台开阔水域的19.07 ng ·g-1.南刘庄清淤后抗生素的平均含量为9 ng ·g-1,比清淤前降低了80.54%,清淤效果明显,而采蒲台区域清淤前后沉积物中抗生素的含量没有明显差别.16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的总量范围在23.79~329.40 ng ·g-1,其中萘的含量最高可达242.02 ng ·g-1,荧蒽的含量最低;南刘庄区域开阔水域沉积物中PAHs的平均含量为117.45 ng ·g-1,高于采蒲台区域的57.98 ng ·g-1,南刘庄开阔水域清淤后PAHs的平均含量为50.49 ng ·g-1,减少了57.01%.生态风险评估表明,南刘庄开阔水域S2区域的恩诺沙星和诺氟沙星为高风险,说明白洋淀未清淤区域沉积物中的喹诺酮类抗生素风险不容忽视;而多环芳烃的生态风险较低,仅府河S1区域的萘处于中风险,其它均为低风险. 相似文献
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正Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are attracting concern because of their potential toxicity,posing serious threats to health of humans and ecosystems(Kim et al.,2013;Zhao et al.,2016).Generally,similar to other contaminants'behaviors(Wu et al.,2001;Zhang et al.,2007,2008;Lu et al.,2009),PAHs result from natural organic matter and activities of humans,the latter's contribution usually outweighing the inputs from other sources(Fernández et al.,2000;Srogi,2007). 相似文献
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Jiraporn Chomanee Kunchira Thongboon Surajit Tekasakul Masami Furuuchi Racha Dejchanchaiwong Perapong Tekasakul 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(8):72-80
Transboundary haze from biomass burning is one of the most important air pollutions in Southeast Asia. The most recent serious haze episode occurred in 2015. Southern Thailand was affected by the haze during September to October when the particulate matter concentration hit a record high. We investigated physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols, including concentration and aerosol size distribution down to sub-micron sizes during haze episodes in 2013 and 2015 and, for reference, an ins... 相似文献
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Yuxue Kong Xurong Bai Jie Wei Yanqin Ren Rui Gao Fahe Chai Hong Li Fei Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(1):169-182
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives(NPAHs) attract continuous attention due to their outstanding carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In order to investigate the diurnal variations, sources, formation mechanism, and health risk assessment of them in heating season, particulate matter(PM) were collected in Beijing urban area from December 26, 2017 to January 17, 2018. PAHs and NPAHs in PM were quantitatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). ... 相似文献
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical representatives of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, a novel microbial consortium QY1 that performed outstanding PAHs-degrading capacity has been enriched. The degradation characteristics of single and mixed PAHs treated with QY1 were studied, and the effect of biochar on biodegradation of mixed PAHs and the potential of biochar in PAHs-heavy metal combined pollution bioremediation were also investigated. Results showed that, in single substrate system, QY1 degraded 94.5% of 500 mg/L phenanthrene (PHE) and 17.8% of 10 mg/L pyrene (PYR) after 7 days, while in PHE-PYR mixture system, the biodegradation efficiencies of PHE (500 mg/L) and PYR (10 mg/L) reached 94.0% and 96.2%, respectively, since PHE served as co-metabolic substrate to have significantly improved PYR biodegradation. Notably, with the cooperation of biochar, the biodegradations of PHE and PYR were greatly accelerated. Further, biochar could reduce the adverse impact of heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr2O72?) on PYR biodegradation remarkably. The sequencing analysis revealed that Methylobacterium, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas were the dominant genera of QY1 in almost all treatments, indicating that these genera might play key roles in PAHs biodegradation. Overall, this study provided new insights into the efficient bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated site. 相似文献