Book Reviews

D. I. Wilson and A. N. Clarke (1994) Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation. 567 Pp. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (Isbn 0-8247-8980-6), Price £ 108.85.

Symposium Mediterranean Seas 2000, Norberto F.-R. Della Croce (Editor), 489 Pp. Istituto Scienze Ambientali Marine 1993.

Organic Substances in Soil and Water: Natural Constituents and Their Influences On Contaminant Behaviour. Edited By A. J. Beck, K. C. Jones, M. H. B. Hayes and U. Mingelgrin. Published By the Royal Society of Chemistry (Special Publication No. 135), 1993, Isbn 0-85186-635-2, 200pp. Price £55.00

Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment, H. F. Hemond and E. J. Fechner, Publ. Academic Press Inc., London, 1994. Isbn 0-12-340270-0, 338 Pp., $49.95

Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Alexander, A. (1994) 302 Pp. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, Isbn 0-12-049860-X, £38.00.     

Book Reviews

D. I. Wilson and A. N. Clarke (1994) Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation. 567 Pp. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (Isbn 0-8247-8980-6), Price £ 108.85.

Symposium Mediterranean Seas 2000, Norberto F.-R. Della Croce (Editor), 489 Pp. Istituto Scienze Ambientali Marine 1993.

Organic Substances in Soil and Water: Natural Constituents and Their Influences On Contaminant Behaviour. Edited By A. J. Beck, K. C. Jones, M. H. B. Hayes and U. Mingelgrin. Published By the Royal Society of Chemistry (Special Publication No. 135), 1993, Isbn 0-85186-635-2, 200pp. Price £55.00

Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment, H. F. Hemond and E. J. Fechner, Publ. Academic Press Inc., London, 1994. Isbn 0-12-340270-0, 338 Pp., $49.95

Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Alexander, A. (1994) 302 Pp. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, Isbn 0-12-049860-X, £38.00.     

Book Review

B. J. Finlayson-Pitts and James N. Pitts, Upper and Lower Atmosphere, Published By Academic Press, 1999, 969 Pp, Catalog Card Number 99-63218, International Standard Book Number 0-12-257060-X.

P. Warneck, Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Second Edition, published by Academic Press, 925 pp, International Geophysics Series, Volume 71, Catalog Card Number: 99-64620, International Standard Book Number 0-12-735632-0.     

Book Reviews

QUANTITATIVE ECOLOGICAL THEORY: AN INTRODUCTION TO BASIC MODELS, by M. R. Rose, Croom Helm, London & Sidney 1987. 203pp. ISBN 0-7099-2289-2. Price £2.50 (paper); £10.95 (hardback)

CHEMISTRY AND ECOLOGY, by Merril Eisenbud, Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial and Military Sources. Third Edition, publ. 1987, Academic Press, New York, London, 475 pp.; hardback $55. ISBN 0-12-235153-3     

Book Reviews

CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS, by Myron A. Mehlman, Morris F. Cranmer and Raymond E. Shapiro, from the Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology (Official Organ of the American College of Toxicology), 388 pages and 135 tables and figures, 1977, linen, format 261 × 178 mm, ISBN 0–930376–02–1, printed by Pathotox Publishers, Inc., Park Forest South, Illinois 60466, $23.00

WASTE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION (Theory and Practice of Waste Management) by Murray Moo‐Young and Grahame J. Farquhar, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 574 pages, 211 illustrations and 513 literature references, linen, format 256 × 182mm, ISBN 0–08–023831–9, printed by Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford OX3 OBW, England 1979, US$ 70.00 or £32.00.

HANDBOOK ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF METALS by Lars Friberg (S‐10401 Stockholm), Gunnar F. Nordberg (DK‐5000 Odense) and Velimir B. Vouk (WHO, CH‐1211 Geneva), and sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1979, 709 pages, linen, format 246 × 173 mm, ISBN 0–444–80075–1, printed by Elsevier/North‐Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam NL, $117.00/Dfl. 240.00     

Transformations of pentachlorophenol

ANALYTICAL METHODS IN HUMAN TOXICOLOGY, Part 1, edited by A. S. Curry, Reading, U.K., 319 pages (including 91 figures, 28 tables, references added to each chapter, and a subject index of 19 pages), hard cover, format 242 × 160 mm, ISBN 3–527–26284–9, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, Deerfield Beach (Florida), and Basle (1985), DM 148.00, US$65.00.

TOXICOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF METALS IN HUMANS (INCLUDING FEASIBILITY AND NEED), by Bonnie L. Carson (Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri), Harry V. Ellis III (PRC Engineering, Chicago, Illinois), and Joy L. McCann (Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri), 328 pages (including one table on human low‐level exposure to metals: exposure levels, biological effects, concentrations in biological media; including also references for each of 69 metals and a valuable index of 24 pages), hard cover, format 236 × 161 mm, ISBN 0–87371–072‐X, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118 (1986), £45.95.

PHOTOMETRIC METHODS IN INORGANIC TRACE ANALYSIS (Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Volume XX), by Endre Upor, M. Mohai and Gy Novak, Mecsek Ore‐Mining Enterprise, Pecs, Hungary (translated and revised), 404 pages (including 9 figures, 44 tables, a list of 50 pages (appendix) of the most important reagents, and an index of 6 pages), cloth, format 229 × 157 mm, ISBN 0–444–99588–9, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam and Akadémiai Kiadò, Budapest (1985), hfl 300.00, US$111.00.

CONCEPTS IN MARINE POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS, edited by Harris H. White, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, 743 pages (including 153 figures, 51 tables, references added to each paper, and an index of 7 pages), cloth, format 236 × 162mm, ISBN 0–943676–18–5, Maryland Sea Grant Publication, College Park, Maryland 20742 (1984), US$12.50.

DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER, Volume 1, by Thomas Roy Crompton, 560 pages (including 260 figures, 167 tables, references added to the four chapters, and an index of 12 pages), hard cover, format 236 × 161 mm, ISBN 0–471–90468–6, John Wiley &; Sons, Chichester, New York, Toronto, and Singapore (1985), £49.95.

MARINE AND ESTUARINE GEOCHEMISTRY, by Anne C. Sigleo, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, and Akihiko Hattori, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 331 pages (including 121 tables, 60 figures, references added to each chapter, and an index of 3 pages), hard cover, format 235 × 160 mm, ISBN 0–87371–007‐X, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118 (1985), £35.90.

INDOOR AIR AND HUMAN HEALTH, by Richard B. Gammage and Stephen V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831, 430 pages (including 54 figures, 91 tables, references added to each chapter, a summary and conclusions of 5 pages, and an index of 6 pages), hard cover, format 242 × 164 mm, ISBN 0–87371–006–1, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118 (1985), £35.90.

INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURES IN ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION, COAL GASIFICATION, COKE PRODUCTION, AND IRON AND STEEL FOUNDING, POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC COMPOUNDS PART 3, IARC Monograph No. 34 on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, by G. Matanoski et al., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, 219 pages (including 7 figures, 49 tables, two appendices on chemicals considered in the volume, and already evaulated earlier, a glossary of two pages, and a cumulative index to IARC Monographs 1 to 34 of 21 pages), soft bound, format 240 × 179 mm, ISBN 92–832–1234–7, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon and Geneva (1984), SFr. 48.00, US$20.00.

BITUMENS, COAL‐TARS AND DERIVED PRODUCTS, SHALE‐OILS AND SOOTS, POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC COMPOUNDS PART 4, IARC Monograph No. 35 on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, by E. Bingham et al., University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, 271 pages (including 10 figures, 61 tables, glossaries, and a cumulative index to IARC Monographs 1 to 35 of 21 pages), soft bound, format 240 × 179mm, ISBN 92–832–1235–5, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon and Geneva (1985), SFr. 70.00, US$25.00.

THE ROLE OF CHEMICALS AND RADIATION IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CANCER, Volume 10 of Carcinogenesis—A Comprehensive Survey, by Eliezer Huberman and Susan H. Barr, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439, 538 pages (including 173 figures, 72 tables, references added to each chapter, an index of 10 pages), linen, format 241 × 167 mm, Raven Press, New York City 10036 (1985), US$76.00.

CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS, SECOND EDITION, ACS Monograph 182, by Charles E. Searle, University of Birmingham, England, 1412 pages (including 61 figures and schemes, 178 tables, many formulae, references added to each contribution, an author index of one page, and an excellent subject index of 38 pages), linen, format 235 × 163 mm, ISBN 0–8412–0869–7, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 20036 (1984), US$155.95 (in U.S.A. and Canada US$129.95).

ALIPHATIC AND POLYHALOGENATED CARCINOGENS, CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF CANCER VOLUME IIIB (STRUCTURAL BASES AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS), by Joseph C. Arcos et al., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 598 pages (including 23 figures, 77 tables, references added to each section, updating notes, 4 updating appendices, and an index of 28 pages), linen, format 234 × 164 mm, ISBN 0–12–059323, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Florida 32887, and London NW1 7DX, U.K. (1985), US$98.50.

ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES, Toxicology and Industrial Health Series Volume 1 (number 4), by Jerry F. Stara and Linda S. Erdreich, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, 364 pages (including 34 figures, 76 tables, references and discussion remarks after the contributions, a list of participants of 3 pages, and an index of 14 pages), cloth, format 261 × 186 mm, ISBN 0–911131–90–6, Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (1985), £53.35.

REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS (an evaluation of animal and human data), by Susan M. Barlow and Frank M. Sullivan, Guy's Hospital Medical School, University of London, U.K., 610 pages (including 3 tables, references (up to 1979, and an index of 11 pages), hard cover, format 235 × 159 mm, ISBN 0–12–078960–4, Academic Press Inc., London, New York and Orlando (1984), USS75.00.

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS AT THE WORKPLACE AND BIOLOGICAL TOLERANCE VALUES FOR WORKING MATERIALS, Reports No. XX and XXI of the Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Prof. Dr Dietrich Henschler, University of D‐8700 Würzburg), 92 resp. 94 pages, paper board, format 240 × 170 mm, ISBN 3–527–27332–8 resp. 3–527–27340–9, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft D‐6940 Weinheim (1984 resp. 1985).     

Book Reviews

ION‐SELECTIVE ELECTRODES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 2 by H. Freiser (ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1980.

CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS by Myron A. Mehlman, Morris F. Cranmer and Raymond E. Shapiro, from the Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology (Official Organ of the American College of Toxicology), 388 pages and 135 tables and figures, 1977, linen, format 261 × 178 mm, ISBN 0–930376–02–1, printed by Pathotox Publishers, Inc., Park Forest South, Illinois 60466, $23.00.     

Effect of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide on grain filling and yield formation of Tartary buckwheat北大核心CSCD

为明确外源2,4-表油菜素内酯影响苦荞生长、粒重与产量形成的生理机制,以苦荞品种晋荞2号为试验材料,研究不同浓度的外源2,4-表油菜素内酯处理(0、0.1、0.5、1.0和2.0 mg/L)对苦荞籽粒的灌浆特性、淀粉合成酶、根系形态及活力、叶片抗氧化酶活性及光合特性、农艺性状及产量的影响.结果表明:0.5 mg/L处理时苦荞籽粒的灌浆起始势(R0)、最大灌浆速率(Gmax)和平均灌浆速率(Gmean)最大,而达最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax.G)最小;随2,4-表油菜素内酯施用量的增加,苦荞籽粒的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)和可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性、根系总长度等根系形态指标和根系活力、叶片抗氧化酶活性及光合特性指标、株高、主茎直径、单株粒重和千粒重均呈先增加后降低的趋势,且都在0.5 mg/L处理时达最大.外源2,4-表油菜素内酯的施用能在一定程度上促进苦荞产量的增加,其中0.1、0.5和1.0 mg/L处理与对照相比分别提高产量1.10、1.31和1.06倍,2.0 mg/L处理则降低0.96倍.本研究表明适宜的外源2,4-表油菜素内酯处理(0.5 mg/L)能促进苦荞籽粒灌浆,提高粒重和最终的产量.(图1表8参32)     

Optimization of fermentation process for saccharide-based fuel ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae北大核心CSCD

低成本、高产量的发酵工艺是实现工业燃料乙醇经济和环境可持续性发展的关键,而不需要重大基础设施改变或投资.为获得酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)利用甘蔗汁生产燃料乙醇的最优发酵工艺,首先对发酵体系的氮源条件进行优化;其次,在单因素试验基础上,以乙醇发酵效率为响应值,通过响应面法优化了燃料乙醇生产的发酵工艺,并通过补料分批发酵技术在5 L发酵罐中进一步扩大发酵.结果表明,以1.0 g/L (NH)SO和1.0 g/L酵母提取物作为发酵氮源,乙醇发酵效率和得率比对照可分别提高4.80%、9.52%.响应面设计获得的最优发酵工艺条件为在总糖浓度150.0 g/L、酵母提取物浓度2.0 g/L、发酵时间24.5 h、pH5.0、外加(NH)SO浓度1.0 g/L时,最高乙醇发酵效率可达到91.10%.在5 L发酵罐中采用补料分批发酵获得的最终乙醇浓度达到98.92 g/L,发酵效率维持在90%左右,乙醇生产力最高达到3.81 g Lh.本研究获得了一种高效生产糖质燃料乙醇的发酵工艺,可在较短时间内获得高浓度乙醇且消耗较少氮源,结果可为进一步利用糖质原料进行高效生物炼制及高浓度乙醇工业化生产提供参考.(图6表6参30)     

Acute toxicity of three avermectins to anuran tadpoles北大核心CSCD

Avermectins are a new class of macrocyclic lactones derived from mycelia of the soil actinomycete, and are among the most effective agricultural pesticides and antiparasitic agents. In this report, three avermectins (abamectin, ABM; ivermectin, IVM; and emamectin benzoate, EMB) were used to assess their toxic effects on tadpoles of four anuran species (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Hylarana guentheri, Polypedates megacephalus and Microhyla heymonsi) using a static-renewal acute toxicity test. The results showed that there were significant dose-responsive correlations between the accumulated dead probit of tadpoles and the concentrations of the three avermectins. The 96-h half lethal concentrations (LC50) of ABM to the tadpoles of the four species were 0.042, 0.034, 0.020, and 0.014 mg/L; the 96-h LC50 values of IVM were 0.029, 0.012, 0.012, and 0.006 mg/L, and the values of EMB were 0.118, 0.111, 0.122, and 0.089 mg/L, respectively. Our study reveals that these agrochemicals probably make a significant contribution to the decline of amphibian populations, and provides valuable information about the toxic effects of avermectins on amphibians. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Book Review

AN ENVIRONMENTAL ODYSSEY: People, Pollution and Politics in the Life of a Practical Scientist. Merril Eisenbud, published University of Washington Press, March 1991, 276 pp., illustrated, indexed. ISBN 0-295-96949-0.

“chemistry, Agriculture and the Environment” (Ed. M.L. Richardson) 546 pages, published by Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991. ISBN 0-85186-228-4 E69.50.     

Screening and identification of bacterial strain producing (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-Ethanediol by efficient whole-cell catalytic reduction system北大核心CSCD

(R)-1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol [(R)-PED] is an important chiral intermediate used to synthesize pharmaceutical intermediates. The production of (R)-PED is of great practical significance. A novel bacterial strain HBU-SI7 isolated from soil samples was screened using a-hydroxyacetophenone (2-HAP) as substrate, which is capable of enantioselective reduction of 2-HAP to (R)-PED. HBU-SI7 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. by bacterial morphological observation and 16S rDNA analysis. The analysis of whole-cell catalytic system showed that the bioconversion of 2-HAP reached 96.2% in the two-phase reaction system (dibutyl phthalate/phosphate buffer = 1/3, V/V) with the substrate concentration of 3.0 g/L, and 99.3% of e.e. for (R)-PED was achieved. A new enantio selective reduction system with the whole cells of Rhodococcus sp. was established for efficient production of (R)-PED, which has potential research and application values. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Canopy interception of atmospheric chloride ion during precipitation processes in the subalpine Picea asperata plantation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Increasing concentrations of chloride ions (Cl-) in the atmosphere is one of the most important global environmental factors influencing processes in terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the roles played by plantations in intercepting atmospheric Cl- in mountainous regions, a one-year field observation of precipitation and throughfall was conducted in a subalpine artificial Picea asperata plantation in western Sichuan and the dynamics of Cl- concentrations in rainfall, snowfall, and throughfall, and canopy interception on atmospheric Cl- were investigated from August 2015 to July 2016. During the observational year, 27 rainfalls and 6 snowfalls were observed and sampled. The average concentration of Cl- in the precipitation was 1.33 mg/L and the average concentrations of Cl- in rainfall and snowfall were 1.41 mg/L and 0.98 mg/L, respectively. Correspondingly, the total input of Cl- by the precipitation processes was 7.56 kg/hm2, which included 6.31 kg/ hm2 by rainfall and the remainder by snowfall. In one entire year, the total canopy interception of Cl- was 2.61 kg/hm2 and the average interception rate was 38.08%. During the rainy season, the canopy interception of Cl- was 2.20 kg/hm2 and the average rate was 38.90%, whereas during the snow season, the canopy interception of Cl- was 0.41 kg/hm2 and the average rate was 34.39%. The maximum and minimum interception rates occurred in August and September, respectively. Significantly negative correlation was found between the interception rate of Cl- and precipitation. In summary, the P. asperata plantation in the subalpine forest region of western Sichuan exerts an important role in intercepting atmospheric Cl-, which is of great significance for maintaining and improving the environment of the water conservation region in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Furthermore, changes in the precipitation pattern caused by global changes might affect the role of the artificial forest canopy interception on atmospheric Cl-. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Fine root decomposition and nutrient release in Toona sinensis plantation under the reconstruction mode of low-efficiency cypress forest gaps北大核心CSCD

Fine root decomposition is an important way in which nutrients are returned to plantation soil; thus, further study of this process will be helpful for understanding material cycling in forest ecosystems. We investigated a Toona sinensis plantation in the central Sichuan hilly region using litter bags containing T. sinensis fine roots to evaluate the dynamics of fine root decomposition and nutrient release for one year in forest gaps of 50 m2 (L1), 100 m2 (L2), and 150 m2 (L3). The results showed that T. sinensis fine root decomposition was fastest in the first 90 days. As time passed, the decomposition rate slowed. One year later, the residue rate was 75.44%, 73.92%, and 72.07%, respectively. The fine root decomposition rate of L3 was greater than that of L2, which was greater than that of L1. During fine root decomposition, the dynamics of the fine root nutrient concentrations changed. C, P, and K concentrations of the fine roots declined in forest gaps, while N, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased overall in the fine roots. In conclusion, forest gaps had effects on the fine root decomposition and nutrient release of T. sinensis, and different sized forest gaps produced different results. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Effects of two different intercropping systems on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dissipation北大核心CSCD

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical organic contaminants in the environment. It is indicated that plants and soil microorganisms have a positive synergistic effect on the remediation of PCB-contaminated soil. To investigate the effect of intercropping on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization and PCB remediation, a pot-cultivation experiment with two intercropping treatments, corn (Zea mays L.) / ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and corn/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and a corn monoculture was conducted in a greenhouse. All treatments were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae M47V. Plant biomass, root mycorrhizal colonization rate, concentration of PCBs and their homologs in soil, 16S rDNA gene abundance, and community composition measured by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) were determined after harvesting the plants. Intercropping significantly increased the root mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant biomass of corn (P < 0.05), as well as the available N content of the soil. A significant difference of the bacterial community composition was found among different treatments (P < 0.05). Compared with corn monoculture, corn/alfalfa intercropping significantly increased soil bacteria abundance (P < 0.05). The dissipation rates of total PCBs, as well as that of penta-chloro biphenyls were significantly increased in the intercropping treatments, when compared to the corn monoculture treatment. Moreover, corn/ryegrass intercropping has a significantly positive effect on the dissipation of tri-chloro biphenyls. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that the PCBs homologues composition were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of 128 bp and 148 bp T-RFs. Corn intercropping with ryegrass or alfalfa has a positive effect on root mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant biomass of corn. Inoculation of AM fungi in intercropping treatments significantly improved the efficiency of PCB remediation by promoting bacterial abundance and shifting the bacterial community composition. In conclusion, intercropping combined with AM fungi have positive synergistic effects on the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Book reviews

PROGRESS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS, PROGRESS IN MUTATION RESEARCH, VOLUME 2, by A. Kappas, Biology Department, Nuclear Research Center Democritus, Athens (Greece), 205 pages (including 49 tables, 69 figures, concluding remarks of 3 pages, and a subject index of 3 pages), linen, format 246×171 mm, ISBN 0–444–80334–3, Elsevier/North‐Holland, Biomedical Press, Amsterdam 1981, USS 76.50, hfl. 180.00

CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS, HUMAN POPULATION MONITORING, AND GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT, PROGRESS IN MUTATION RESEARCH, VOLUME 3, by K, C. Bora, G. R. Douglas and E. R. Nestmann, Environmental Health Directorate, Ottawa (Canada), 364 pages (including 103 tables, 45 figures, an appendix of seven pages with the Report of the WHO Consultation on Genetic Monitoring for Environmental Effects, and a subject index of 20 pages), linen, format 246 ×171 mm, ISBN 0–444–80352–1, Elsevier/North‐Holland, Biomedical Press, Amsterdam 1982 USS 80.75, hfl. 190.00.

AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY, Volume 1 of a Series, by Lavern J. Weber, Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, 238 pages (including 35 tables, 18 figures, and a subject index of 13 pages), linen, format 243 × 163 mm, ISBN 0–89004–439–2, Raven Press, New York 1982, US$ 36.72.

CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY, TARGET ORGAN TOXICOLOGY SERIES, by Ethard W. van Stee, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, 400 pages (including 17 tables, 58 figures, and a subject index of 12 pages), linen, format 243 × 163 mm, ISBN 0–89004–576–3, Raven Press, New York 1982, USS 61.20.     

Characteristics of culturable endophytic bacteria of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge with tumor roots北大核心CSCD

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge with tumor roots was discovered, and the endophytic bacteria that were isolated from the tumor roots were purified and identified. This paper aimed to study the characteristics of endophytic bacteria. The CAS detection plate, Salkowski colorimetry, phosphate solubilizing circle, and molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry were used to analyze endophytic bacteria ability, which produced siderophores, secreted indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and dissolved phosphorus. Strains were isolated from the tumor roots through morphological and molecular identification, and they were named XSB1-XSB9, of which 6 strains belonged to Bacillus sp., 2 strains belonged to Brevibacillus sp., and 1 strain belonged to Pseudomonas sp. All 9 strains produced siderophores; strains XSB3, XSB4, XSB8, and XSB9 were extremely high yielding, and strains XSB5 and XSB6 were high yielding. The strains with high yields were XSB3, XSB4, XSB5, XSB6, XSB8, and XSB9 and accounted for 66.7% of the tested strains. Nine strains secreted IAA; the concentration of IAA secreted by the strains that contained tryptophan was between 15-50 mg/L, and the concentration of IAA secreted by the one strain without tryptophan was between 10-35 mg/L. The IAA ability of the XSB2, XSB3, XSB4, XSB5, and XSB9 strains were significantly different (P < 0.05) after adding tryptophan. These results indicate that the synthesis of IAA may be the tryptophan synthesis pathway where tryptophan is used as a precursor. All 9 strains had some ability to dissolve phosphorus. The concentration of phosphate in the solubilizing strains, XSB1, XSB2, XSB4, and XSB5, were significantly higher than that in the other strains (P < 0.01), and the concentration of phosphate solubilizing was between 50-90 mg/L; the ability to dissolve phosphate was increased by 19-29 times. The XSB4 and XSB5 strains, which produced siderophores, secreted IAA and had a strong capacity to dissolve phosphorus, may be candidate strains for promoting growth. This research provides the foundation for the development and utilization of rhizosphere microbes to understand the resistance mechanisms and cultivation level of X. sorbifolia. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Mechanism of limestone corrosion by Gongronella butleri NL-15北大核心CSCD

The key to soil spray-sowing technology is the use of the highly-effective rock-corroding strains, and the mechanism of rock corrosion will provide theoretical references to screen the strains. To investigate the corrosion mechanism of limestone by microorganisms, the dominant and highly-effective limestone-corroding strain Gongronella butleri NL-15 was isolated and purified from the microorganisms on the rock surface. The concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium, and phosphorus was analyzed by ICP. The pH of the fermentation broth of the strain at different intervals was measured using a precise pH instrument. The content of organic acids (critic, succinic, lactic, fumaric, acetic, and propanoic acids) and the scanning electron microscope feature of rock particles in the fermentation broth at different intervals were also analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the fermentation broth correlated negatively with the pH value (P < 0.01). The pH of control was 6.87, and that of the fermentation broth after 15 days dropped to 5.12. The concentration of Ca and Mg was 38.96 and 10.85 mg/L respectively, whereas that of the fermentation broth after 15 days increased to 367.56 and 76.16 mg/L respectively. The content of the total organic acids and lactic acid increased with increase in fermentation time. The content of the total organic acids on days 2, 5, 9, and 15 in the fermentation broth was 3.43, 5.40, 6.63, and 7.26 mg/mL, respectively, and the content of lactic acid was 1.79, 2.85, 5.16, and 5.04 mg/mL, respectively. The mycelium of the G. butleri NL-15 adhered to the surface of rock particles and threaded into unconsolidated rocks. Thus, the organic acids, especially lactic acid produced by the fungi G. butleri NL-15, caused unconsolidation of rock and improved the growth of fungi mycelium into the unconsolidated rock. This was the primary cause for limestone corrosion, and the release of Ca and Mg from the rock and its disintegration. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Book reviews

Pollution: Ecology and Biotreatment, S. Mceldowney, D.J. Hardman, S. Waite, Publ. John Wiley and Sons, New York, Usa. Isbn 0-582-08655-8 322 Pp. Uk Price (£19.99) (Soft Covers)

Fish Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Ed. T. Braunbeck, W. Hanke & H. Seger. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Heidelberg, September 1991. 1993. 418 Pages with 204 Figures and 50 Tables. Isbn 3-527-30010-4 £76.00, Vhc Weinheim.

Method in Ecology: Strategies for Conservation. K.S. Shrader-Frechette and E.D. Mccoy (University of South Florida). Cambridge University Press, 1993. Price, £40.00 Isbn 052/41861 5 (Hardbook); £17.95 Isbn 0 521 44693 7 (Paperback)