微生物燃料电池在污水处理中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell，MFC）利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能，具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点。简述了MFC的工作原理及分类，总结了用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素。探讨了MFC在实际应用中的瓶颈，并展望其在污水处理中的应用前景。     

以尿液为阳极基质的微生物燃料电池研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物将有机物中的化学能直接转化成电能的环境友好型技术,已成为污水资源化领域的研究重点。尿液以高有机浓度、高电导率、营养物质丰富且产量庞大等特点成为MFC的优选基质。梳理了近十年以尿液为阳极基质的MFC研究工作,详细阐述了尿液作为MFC阳极基质的优势和工作机理,以及该研究领域的发展历程;总结了以尿液为阳极基质的MFC中产电微生物、电极及膜材料、反应器构型等因素对产电性能的影响;在现有研究的基础上就产电性能、能源与资源回收效益的提升以及工程化应用方面现存挑战与发展方向给出建议,以期为更好地解决基于尿液为阳极基质的MFC在实际应用中的难题提供参考。     

微生物燃料电池中地杆菌对Ag+的耐受机理及其对产电性能的影响

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是污水处理领域的一个研究热点,地杆菌(Geobacter)因其出色的产电能力被广泛关注.自然水环境中,重金属等具有生物毒性的组分会影响Geobacter的生长生存和产电能力,进而影响MFC的产电性能.Geobacter对Ag+等多种重金属具有较强的耐受能力,然而其耐受较高浓度重金属的机理尚不明晰...     

MFC-MBR耦合系统运行效果

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池(MFC)能有效降解污泥中的胞外生物有机质(EBOM)并回收电能.将MFC与MBR联用,建立了一套能够有效抑制膜污染同时回收电能的新系统——MFC-MBR耦合系统,MBR的剩余污泥经MFC处理后回流.以传统MBR为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况和污泥混合液的性质进行研究.研究表明,耦合系统的污水处理效果没有明显恶化,COD去除率为94％,NH4+-N的去除率为92％.耦合系统能够有效减缓膜污染的发生,清洗周期延长了28％.污泥混合液的MLVSS/MLSS稳定在80％ ～ 88％,系统内几乎没有无机颗粒积累.松散结合态胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)降低了48％,使污泥混合液性质得到改善.较低的污泥比阻(2.69×1012m/kg)和标准化毛细吸水时间(1.67 s·L/g MLSS),证明耦合系统污泥混合液脱水性能提高了.     

双室和单室微生物燃料电池的研究及比较

微生物燃料电池(MFC)可分为双室和单室燃料电池.简述了双室和单室MFC的工作机制,综述了双室MFC中阳极(材料)、阴极(材料)、分割材料和单室MFC中"二合一"、"三合一"型以及无膜型电池的特点,比较并分析了双室和单室MFC在构型上的优缺点,以及两者在内阻、功率密度和库仑效率等方面产生差异的原因,展望了MFC的发展前景.     

污水紫外消毒微生物光复活原理及其控制技术

紫外消毒技术因其具有操作简单、无有害副产物、经济高效等优势,在污水处理中越来越广泛被应用.但其无剩余消毒能力,微生物在光照条件下进行修复而实现复活,从而导致出水微生物数量增多.综述了国内外紫外消毒出现的光复活现象,阐述了污水紫外消毒微生物光复活原理和控制技术.     

空气阴极微生物燃料电池的构型优化及其快速测定BOD的性能评价

设计了一种新型双室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)并将其作为生物传感器,与传统双室空气阴极MFC进行对比,考察其电化学性能及用于快速检测BOD的性能.结果 表明:新型空气阴极MFC可有效提高功率密度并降低内阻,其功率密度最高为897 mW·m-2,而内阻最低为92 Q;该MFC可用于直接快速检测高浓度有机物的BOD,对...     

不同阳极微生物燃料电池产电性能的比较

微生物燃料电池在处理废水的同时可以产生电能,有希望同时解决废水再利用和能量再产生的问题。采用单室无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池,处理模拟生活污水,探讨MFC处理模拟废水的效果。研究了以碳布(MFC1)、碳布负载碳纳米管(MFC2)、碳纳米管(MFC3)和泡沫镍(MFC4)作为4种不同的阳极材料,对MFC系统的启动、内阻和产电特性进行比较。结果表明,4种不同阳极MFC在水力停留时间24 h的条件下,对COD有很好的去除作用,其中MFC2的COD去除效率最大,为91.4%。在不影响MFC系统处理废水效果的前提下,实验得到4种阳极MFC系统中MFC2具有最小的内阻,为173.7Ω;并且其功率密度也大于其他3种MFC,达到401.2 mW/m2。     

微生物燃料电池-零价铁耦合工艺的构建及除砷性能

为了更为有效地利用微生物燃料电池(MFC)所产电能并提高零价铁(ZVI)去除污染物工艺的效率,构建了微生物燃料电池-零价铁(MFC-ZVI)耦合工艺,并将其应用在三价砷水溶液的处理中。实验结果表明,在该耦合系统中,ZVI直接利用了MFC所产生的低压电能,铁腐蚀速率和除砷效率因此得到显著提高。实验所用MFC的最高稳定产电电压为0.52 V,电解过程中MFC的库伦效率为4.59%,以二价铁离子计算的电流效率为72.74%。反应结束后,溶液的pH值由反应前的8.0升高到8.5。两体系中铁氧化物产生量的差异以及铁氧化物形态分布的不同可能是导致其除砷效果不同的主要原因。     

微生物燃料电池处理污染废水的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)在处理污染废水的同时还能产生电能,成为环境和能源领域的研究热点之一。结合典型MFC结构,分别介绍了阳极室、阴极室和中间室所具有的不同功能,比较分析了各个室去除污染物的基本原理和当前的研究进展,讨论了MFC应用于实际工程中存在的问题,展望并提出了未来MFC的发展目标及发展方向。     

双室微生物燃料电池同时去除废水中的苯酚和硝酸盐

构建了一种双室微生物燃料电池,以苯酚为阳极燃料,同时去除阴极室的硝酸盐废水。结果表明,在闭合情况下,该微生物燃料电池阳极室的苯酚降解效率达到7.6 mg/(L·h),是开路情况下的2倍;反应开始后的5 d内,闭合系统阴极室硝酸盐降解效率达到4.43 mg/(L·d),是开路情况下的2倍多,表明了该MFC系统可以同时去除废水中2种难降解污染物,并且与传统的生物降解方式相比较,具有更快的降解速率。     

Improving nitrogen removal in two modified decentralized wastewater systems

Efficient nutrient removal in decentralized wastewater treatment systems is a challenging task. To improve the removal of organic matter and nitrogen from wastewater, two types of bioreactors using membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) techniques were evaluated. During more than 250 days of continuous-flow reactor operation, both reactors showed consistently high chemical oxygen demand removal (>86%). At an influent ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) concentration of 30 mg N/L, the average effluent NH4(+)-N concentrations were 6.2 and 0.5 mg N/L for the MABR and MFC reactor, respectively, while the effluent nitrate-nitrogen (NO3(-)-N) concentrations were 5.4 mg/ L in the MABR and 19.2 mg/L in the MFC-based reactor. The overall total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies were 64% and 36% for the MABR and MFC reactor, respectively. At the measured dissolved oxygen concentrations of 5.2 and 0.23 mg/L in the aerobic/anoxic zone of the MFC and MABR, respectively, a specific oxygen uptake rate of 0.1 g O2/g VSS-d, resulting from ammonia oxidation, was detected in the settled sludge of the MFC, while no nitrifying activity of the sludge from the MABR was detected. Molecular microbial analysis demonstrated a link between the bacterial community structure and nitrifying activity. The relatively high abundance of Nitrosomonas europaea was associated with its detectable nitrification activity in the settled sludge of the MFC. The results suggest that MABR and MFC techniques have the potential to improve organic and nitrogen removal in decentralized wastewater systems.     

Sodium nitrate as a methanogenesis suppressor in earthen separator microbial fuel cell treating rice mill wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the sustainable technologies, which alongside treating wastewater, can generate electricity. However, its...     

一体式MFC-好氧MBR运行效果及膜污染特性

膜生物反应器（MBR）是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池（MFC）能利用N0i作为电子受体进行脱氮。为解决膜生物反应器（MBR）脱氮效率低和膜污染问题,建立了一套能够进行脱氮、有效抑制膜污染的一体式MFC-好氧MBR新工艺。以开路MFC—MBR反应器为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况进行研究。研究表明,2套系统的COD去除率均超过88％,对NH4-N的去除均达到99％。闭路MFC—MBR系统TN去除率达到69．4％,高于开路系统的55．3％。混合液的MLVSS／MLSS稳定在88％左右,同时耦合系统能够改善污泥混合液的性质,zeta电位的绝对值和粘度较开路系统有所减少,污泥颗粒平均体积粒径（233．482μm）较开路系统（94．877μm）有明显增加,膜清洗周期延长了41．17％。     

一体式MFC-好氧MBR运行效果及膜污染特性

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池(MFC)能利用NO-3作为电子受体进行脱氮。为解决膜生物反应器(MBR)脱氮效率低和膜污染问题,建立了一套能够进行脱氮、有效抑制膜污染的一体式MFC-好氧MBR新工艺。以开路MFC-MBR反应器为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况进行研究。研究表明,2套系统的COD去除率均超过88%,对NH4-N的去除均达到99%。闭路MFC-MBR系统TN去除率达到69.4%,高于开路系统的55.3%。混合液的MLVSS/MLSS稳定在88%左右,同时耦合系统能够改善污泥混合液的性质,zeta电位的绝对值和粘度较开路系统有所减少,污泥颗粒平均体积粒径(233.482μm)较开路系统(94.877μm)有明显增加,膜清洗周期延长了41.17%。     

Production of electricity from proteins using a microbial fuel cell.

Electricity generation was examined from proteins and a protein-rich wastewater using a single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The maximum power densities achieved were 354 +/- 10 mW/m2 using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 269 +/- 14 mW/m2 using peptone (1100 mg/L BSA and 300 mg/L peptone). The recovery of organic matter as electricity, defined as the Coulombic efficiency (CE), was comparable to that obtained with other substrates with CE = 20.6% for BSA and CE = 6.0% for peptone. A meat packing wastewater (MPW), diluted to 1420 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, produced 80 +/- 1 mW/m2, and power was increased by 33% by adding salt (300 mg/L sodium chloride) to increase solution conductivity. A wastewater inoculum generated 33% less power than the MPW inoculum. The MFC was an effective method of wastewater treatment, demonstrated by >86% of biochemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal from wastewater.     

不同驯化方式对以苯酚为基质的微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

以厌氧污泥作为初始接种体,构建了单室微生物燃料电池（MFCs）,考察了梯度驯化、直接驯化和间接驯化3种不同驯化方式对MFC降解苯酚及产电性能的影响。结果表明,MFC在闭路状态下对苯酚的降解速率比MFC在开路状态下的苯酚降解速率加快10%～20%,说明MFC在产电的同时,可加速苯酚的降解。当以600 mg/L的苯酚溶液为单一燃料,反应68 h后,3种驯化方式下的MFC对苯酚降解率都达到90%以上。相对于其他2种驯化方式,梯度驯化条件最有利于MFC产电性能的提高及苯酚的降解,其最大输出功率为31.3 mW/m2,降解速率提高了7%～20%。     

脱氮副球菌YF1微生物燃料电池生物阴极脱氮和产电

以脱氮副球菌YF1构建纯种生物阴极微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)进行脱氮和产电机理的研究。研究结果发现,阴极碳氮比、pH值对产电和脱氮效率有明显影响。当MFC的阴极运行条件pH值为8.0,碳氮比为20时,运行时间15 h时,脱氮率高达100%,输出电压为150 mV。上述结果表明,微生物燃料电池运行过程中,细菌降解硝酸根的机理为将硝酸根还原为N2或者直接将其作为自身的营养物质而利用。循环伏安(CV)与扫描电镜(SEM)的结果表明,在微生物燃料电池运行中,副球菌YF1通过接触导电作为产电的电子供体。     

Simultaneous bioelectricity generation and decolorization of methyl orange in a two-chambered microbial fuel cell and bacterial diversity

The objectives of this study were to investigate the simultaneous bioelectricity generation and decolorization of methyl orange (MO) in the anode chamber of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in a wide concentration range (from 50 to 800 mg L^?1) and to reveal the microbial communities on the anode after the MFC was operated continuously for more than 6 months using MO-glucose mixtures as fuel. Interestingly, the added MO played an active role in the production of electricity. The maximum voltage outputs were 565, 658, 640, 629, 617, and 605 mV for the 1 g L^?1 glucose with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg L^?1 of MO, respectively. The results of three groups of comparison experiments showed that accelerated decolorization of methyl orange (MO) was achieved in the MFC as compared to MFC in open circuit mode and MFC without extra carbon sources. The decolorization efficiency decreased with an increase of MO concentration in the studied concentration range for the dye load increased. A 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing revealed the microbial communities. Geobacter genus known to generate electricity was detected. Bacteroidia class, Desulfovibrio, and Trichococcus genus, which were most likely responsible for degrading methyl orange, were also detected.