主油箱着火事件分析

分析一起主油箱着火事件,事件发生的原因有系统的原因,有操作的原因,有监护的原因,针对这些原因提出了相应的建议措施,为避免此类事故的发生提供技术参考。     

事故致因“2-4”模型及其事故原因因素编码研究

事故致因模型是用于事故原因分析和预防的重要理论依据,模型的可操作性是决定事故预防效果的重要影响因素。对目前国内研究较为持续和系统的事故致因"2-4"模型进行了深入研究,以增强其在事故分析时的可操作性。首先,研究了事故致因"2-4"模型中组织内、外部原因的各个阶段原因因素的划分情况;其次,根据得到的各阶段原因因素划分结果,对应用事故致因"2-4"模型分析事故原因的因素进行了编码;最后,以一起重大瓦斯爆炸事故为例,对事故致因"2-4"模型原因因素编码系统的有效性进行了实证研究。划分了事故致因"2-4"模型中的各原因模块中的原因因素,并得到了不安全动作和物态、习惯性不安全行为、安全管理体系、安全文化、外部因素等5个层级原因,确定了基于事故致因"2-4"模型的30个原因因素。对事故原因因素进行系统编码,提高了应用事故致因"2-4"模型进行事故原因分析和事故预防的可操作性,增强了其应用实践性。     

皮带运输机的故障原因与安全防范措施

重点分析了皮带运输机在生产过程中容易发生故障的原因 ,并针对原因提出了不同的防范措施     

线路故障的痕迹特征及鉴定方法

本文指出了导致线路故障的诸多原因,并根据各种原因产生的痕迹特征分析了线路故障的特征及鉴定方法。     

核电站中处理人的行为问题的系统方法

引发事件的失误原因或者作为行为趋向的一部分统称为人的行为问题.总结出了核电站中处理人的行为问题的系统方法,即从问题的识别与描述、事件调研、原因分析到开发纠正行动这样一个过程.结合核电站实际,着重介绍了人误原因的识别,如根原因分析技术和起因树.     

一起反应釜爆炸事故原因分析

分析了某化工厂一起反应釜爆炸事故的可能原因,认为事故发生的原因主要是氮气置换失效及提前对反应釜进行加热,提出了预防措施     

液化天然气(LNG)槽车 运输途中侧翻的危险性分析

通过对LNG槽车运输过程中的事故类型和原因进行统计分析,得出交通事故和槽车故障是LNG运输事故的主要原因,槽车侧翻是LNG运输事故的主要形式。运用事故树分析法对LNG槽车侧翻事故的原因进行了分析,找出并解释了可能导致LNG槽车侧翻事故发生的原因事件。研究结果可为LNG的安全运输提供借鉴。     

人因失误机理及原因因素研究

在复杂社会技术系统中,人因失误已成为引发事故的最主要原因之一.给出了国内外学者对人因失误的定义.从个体和组织层次上分析了人因失误的机理,并基于此失误机理分析了人误原因因素,给出了个体和组织层次下的原因因素图.     

中国古代车文化之二十七 车变(五)——中国车文化不能发展的内部原因

综上所述,农业经济以及由农业经济产生的农民文化是阻碍中国车文化发展甚至是造成中国车文化退化的原因。但这只是外部原因,它只提供了必要条件,而不是充分条件;只解释了停滞和退化的原因,而没有说明为什么不能发展的理由。     

民航运输飞机看错、落错跑道事件研究

针对近年来我国民航反复发生的运输飞机看错、落错跑道现象,统计了近12年我国民航发生的17起不安全事件;利用修正后的M-SHEL模型确定了导致该类事件的6个方面的原因;基于灰色关联分析法按照对事件影响程度的大小将各要素进行排序,其影响因素依次为:生命件即机组自身的原因、环境的原因、管理原因、外围生命件原因、软件的原因。笔者认为,飞机看错、落错跑道是多因素共同作用的结果,应从航空公司、机场、空管、局方等角度采取系统改善策略,以防范该类事件的再次发生。     

基于屏障理论的安全事故原因分析方法研究

本文系统介绍了基于屏障理论的事故原因分析方法,编制事件时间链图,完整还原事故发生经过,并通过屏障辨识及分析,确定事故的直接原因、间接原因和根本原因,为事故原因分析提供参考方法和工具。最后通过实际案例进行了应用和验证。     

基于24Model-AHP的建筑施工高处坠落事故原因研究

为预防建筑施工高处坠落事故,本文采用事故致因“2-4”模型,研究2012-2018年50起高处坠落事故案例,对导致事故的根源原因、根本原因、间接原因和直接原因进行定性分析,并使用SPSS软件分析原因之间的相关性,同时根据事故原因构建递阶层次模型,计算出其权重值并进行排序,从而得到影响事故发生的关键因素。结果表明:安全管理制度和操作规程不健全、员工的安全意识不高和违章操作以及安全防护措施不到位是导致事故发生的主要因素,也是事故预防重点。研究成果对确保施工过程安全,制定相应防范措施有重要意义。     

A method for assisting the accident consequence prediction and cause investigation in petrochemical industries based on natural language processing technology

Risk analysis for production processes in the petrochemical industry is an important procedure for consequence prediction and investigation of accidents. The analyzer must grasp the correlations between the possible causes and consequences. From the potential cause and effect found in risk analysis reports, complete clarification should be obtained. Therefore, this study presents a method for assisting accident consequence prediction and investigation in the petrochemical industry based on risk analysis reports using natural language processing technology. First, a hazard and operability (HAZOP) historical data table is established by filling over 7200 HAZOP analysis data points. Both the causes and consequences in the table are classified into 20 categories each using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) models. The LDA clustering results are assigned classification for the cause and consequence topics to the cause and consequences of the HAZOP analysis data. Based on part-of-speech (POS) tagging, all the words in each cause and consequence record are divided into subject and action words. Next, the word combinations of subject and action words with a higher occurrence are considered the key phrases for describing and representing the corresponding cause and consequence topic classifications. The Apriori algorithm is used to determine the frequent item sets, acquire the association rules, and calculate the association degree to obtain the sort order; it can highlight general trends in relational cause and consequence topics. According to the results, the most likely cause of the consequence and the most likely consequence that the cause may lead to are identified. Finally, a visual interface is developed to present the data for the consequence prediction and cause investigation of accidents. The results reveal that the quantity and quality of historic data are important factors that may influence the results. This method can contribute to predicting the accident evolution trend of an abnormal situation, taking preventive measures in advance, improving the accuracy of early warning, and supporting emergency response measures.     

An extension of Multiple Greek Letter method for common cause failures modelling

Common cause failure describes a condition where several components share the same source of failure that causes them to fail or become unavailable simultaneously. The objective of this paper is to present an improved approach to common cause failure modelling within reliability analyses. The currently used methods allow one component to share common characteristics with only one group of components, which may be affected by the same source of failure. Therefore, an improved method was developed, where components can be assigned to several groups of components that are susceptible to faulty operation with respect to their similar characteristics. A mathematical derivation of the method is presented and the theory is applied to smaller theoretical samples and to a simplified real example. The results show that the new method enables a more detailed reliability analysis. The results prove that consideration of common cause failures using the improved method may decrease the system reliability compared to traditional common cause failure consideration. The system reliability decreases more, if the redundant components have more similarities and are therefore assigned to several common cause failure groups.     

静电火灾的成因与认定

所谓静电火灾。是批电静电放电火花引燃可燃气体，可燃液体蒸气等易燃易物而造成的火灾或爆炸事故。静电火灾的非常复杂，火灾发生往往是各种最不利因素的偶然组合所致火灾现场又常遭到严重破坏，所以，静电火灾原因的认定是很难由火场痕迹和遗贸物来取得直接证据，这就给静电火灾调查带来了一定的困难。     

工业事故调查与分析的发展历程及趋势

工业事故调查伴随着工业革命的发展而开展,而事故分析,特别是系统的分析开展于上世纪的五六十年代。事故调查和分析研究的发展历程可以分成四个阶段,单一原因-结果阶段、多原因-结果阶段、系统化分析阶段以及产业化发展阶段。事故调查和分析从最早的仅仅查找事故（直接）原因单一目的,发展到现在查找（根本）原因、分析原因、制定措施、监督执行等多个目的。事故调查和分析已经发展成为一个学科,一种职业。事故调查和分析的理论和方法也从最初的单方面、表面、短期发展到了全面、深入和系统化。本文在介绍事故调查和分析的发展阶段和过程的同时还将对各阶段代表性的调查方法和理论给予介绍,主要包括＂鱼骨（F ishbone）图＂、＂领结图（BowTie）＂、＂直根（Taproot）图＂和＂三脚架（Tripod）＂。     

一起塔式起重机联轴器失效事故案例分析

结合一起塔式起重机的事故调查经历介绍该事故的起因经过,总结分析事故的直接和间接原因,对该类的事故提的发生出相应的措施及建议,为建筑施工工地起重机的使用、检验工作提供借鉴经验,以减少相类似的起重机事故发生。     

DZH2-8型蒸汽锅炉事故原因及预防措施

企业轻投入重产出,是发生事故的根本原因,水处理措施不完善,是造成事故的直接原因,管理人员、操作人员素质低是导致事故率高的不可忽视的因素。     

超超临界锅炉水冷壁爆管原因

通过对超超,豳界锅炉水冷壁爆管事故原因进行了分析,介绍了事故的处理经过,指出受热面管堵塞是造成管子超温爆管的根本原因,重点分析了受热面管堵塞爆管的各种影响因素,针对性地提出了解决措施。     

Injuries causing death: Their nature,external causes,and associated diseases

This article provides national data on the types of injuries reported on death certificates, the external causes of these injuries, and diseases that are frequently reported with them. Injuries were a factor in 11 % (213,366 deaths) of the deaths to residents of the United States in 1978. Of 11 broad categories of injuries, three (fractures, sprains, strains, and dislocations, intracranial injuries, and adverse effects) were mentioned on almost 50,000 deaths each. There was considerable variation in the distribution of injury types by age, sex, and race. The most notable example was fractures of the lower limb which were mentioned on 29% of the deaths involving an injury to 65 + year olds but no less than 5% of such deaths for all other age groups. For white females, the percentage with a fracture of the lower limb was 23 % compared to 12 % overall. In 25 % of the deaths involving an injury, the immediate cause was a motor vehicle accident. In 51 %, the immediate cause of the injury was a non-motor-vehicle accident. In 73 % of the deaths involving non-motor-vehicle accidents, disease conditions as well as injuries were a factor; and, 69% of the time, the disease condition was actually the underlying cause of the death with the injury being a contributing factor or complication. For example, over 14,000 deaths in 1978 involved a circulatory condition as the underlying cause of death which was complicated by an accidental fracture, sprain, or dislocation. Although diseases more often assumed the role of the underlying cause of death, they were also a nonunderlying cause in 24,000 non-motor-vehicle accident deaths. Over 12,000 of such deaths involved circulatory diseases.