黄鳝染色体体外SCE检测系统的建立及对两种清洗剂的检测

姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)技术已在细胞生物学、细胞遗传学、环境毒理学、医学等领域得到了重视和应用。在检测环境诱变剂和致癌剂方面,SCE比染色体畸变敏感二百倍。 关于体外SCE检测系统的研究,除了较多地利用人外周血淋巴细胞和中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞作为SCE检测材料外,也开始利用各种生态环境中的动物。对鱼类SCE的研究,国外做过一些工作,但有关建立SCE检测系统的报道极少。国内有关     

综合评定苯并（a）芘低浓度污染有毒危险性的研究

在细胞遗传损伤和免疫功能综合指标中,观察对苯并（a）芘（BaP）敏感并适用于人群检测的指标。结果显示外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）率与尿中BaP含量呈正相关;并在BP低于10μg/100M³的接触人群中观察到SCE率增高;血清IgG和补体C³与血中BaP含量呈负相关。以SCE率增高、IgG降低和尿中BaP负荷量增高综合评定BaP污染的有危毒险性有应用前景,饮用中华猕猴桃饮料,有助于SCE率增高的恢复和体内BaP的排出。     

家兔接触低浓度焦炉污染物细胞遗传损伤指标的变化

将实验动物（家兔）饲养于低浓度焦炉逸散物污染的环境中（现场B（a）P浓度2～10μg/100m³）,动态观察染毒前、现场染毒二周、四周及脱离现场一周外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换（Sec）率和微核（MN）率的变化。结果显示,高SCE细胞（HFC）率在第二周即增高,到第四周SCE率均值也明显升高,但在脱离污染环境一周后可恢复到染毒前水平。MN率未显示变化。     

醋酸铅经微粒体酶活化诱发SCE的研究

<正> 近若干年,对于铅进入人体后引起染色体的变化研究甚多。据Riordan介绍Schwanitz等分析铅作业工人淋巴细胞染色体,仅见到以间隙缺失为主的无着丝点畸变率增高,与正常人无差异。Forni等对蓄电池工人的观察,染色单体间隙和一条染色体断裂的畸变增高。许茂发等认为铅作业者微核超限率,随尿铅排出而增高。也有用醋酸铅导致染色体畸变的报道。但对姐妹染色体交换(SCE)研究较少。本文旨在用     

稀土作业者外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换的观察

本文报告了 5 0例稀土作业工人外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换 (SCE)的观察结果 ,其 SCE频率为 5 .49± 1.2 1(SCE/ cell,X SE) ,与 2 0例对照组相比 ,差异显莉 (P<0 .0 1)。随工令的延长 ,SCE频率为增高的趋势 ,但各工令组之间 ,经统计学处理 ,差异不显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。男工 SCE率高于女工 ,这可能与男工吸烟人数多于女工有前。我们认为 :SCE可作为稀土作业人员早期危害观察指标     

Response of soil CO2 efflux to precipitation manipulation in a semiarid grassland

Soil CO_2efflux(SCE) is an important component of ecosystem CO_2 exchange and is largely temperature and moisture dependent, providing feedback between C cycling and the climate system. We used a precipitation manipulation experiment to examine the effects of precipitation treatment on SCE and its dependences on soil temperature and moisture in a semiarid grassland. Precipitation manipulation included ambient precipitation, decreased precipitation(- 43%), or increased precipitation(+ 17%). The SCE was measured from July2013 to December 2014, and CO_2 emission during the experimental period was assessed.The response curves of SCE to soil temperature and moisture were analyzed to determine whether the dependence of SCE on soil temperature or moisture varied with precipitation manipulation. The SCE significantly varied seasonally but was not affected by precipitation treatments regardless of season. Increasing precipitation resulted in an upward shift of SCE–temperature response curves and rightward shift of SCE–moisture response curves,while decreasing precipitation resulted in opposite shifts of such response curves. These shifts in the SCE response curves suggested that increasing precipitation strengthened the dependence of SCE on temperature or moisture, and decreasing precipitation weakened such dependences. Such shifts affected the predictions in soil CO_2 emissions for different precipitation treatments. When considering such shifts, decreasing or increasing precipitation resulted in 43 or 75% less change, respectively, in CO_2 emission compared with changes in emissions predicted without considering such shifts. Furthermore, the effects of shifts in SCE response curves on CO_2 emission prediction were greater during the growing than the non-growing season.     

Al-Mg-Ga牺牲阳极的电化学性能研究

目的研究Al-Mg-Ga牺牲阳极的电化学性能及其与标准铝合金牺牲阳极复合后的性能。方法设计一种Al-Mg-Ga铝合金牺牲阳极,通过4天加速试验和模拟实海实验研究其电化学性能、初始极化性能以及与Al-Zn-In-Si基底阳极不同面积比复合后的耦合电位。对腐蚀不同状况下的铝活性阳极进行能谱分析(EDX)和扫描电镜(SEM),探讨其活化机理。结果 4天加速试验显示,Al-Mg0.6%-Ga0.05%牺牲阳极开路电位、工作电位较负,分别达到-1.5 V(vs.SCE)和-1.3 V(vs.SCE),适合作为复合阳极中的活性阳极材料。模拟实海试验显示,铝铝复合阳极在阴极保护中初始极化性能良好,能够发出较大电流,得到了-1.2~-1.3 V(vs.SCE)之间的耦合电位。结论研制的铝铝复合牺牲阳极发出的初始电流约为中期电流的3倍以上,同时不同的面积比设计的复合阳极耦合电位在-1.2~-1.3 V(vs.SCE)之间。     

姊妹染色单体交换在检测有害环境因素中的应用

用人外周血淋巴细胞和大麦根尖细胞做姊妹染色单体交换（SCE）实验,发现丝裂霉素C、放线菌酮D、异烟酰肼及糖精钠能显著提高SCE频率,而且诱发细胞的平均SCE值在两种材料中有极显著的一致性,表明植物细胞SCE在检出环境诱变剂中与人外周血淋巴细胞同样敏感有效。在高浓度介质中植物幼苗生长发育受到抑制,处理的早期可检测到幼苗根尖细胞SCE水平的明显升高。环境中的重金属铬和镉即使浓度较低也能通过大麦SCE实验检测到。结果表明,大麦根尖细胞SCE实验能有效地检测出环境中的有害因素。     

兰州地区空气飘尘对人淋巴细胞SCE的诱发及DNA的损伤

用苯、己烷、异丙醇(7:2:1)混合溶剂萃取兰州市石油化工区及离市区西64公里农村的空气飘尘.萃取物能使人淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换频率(SCE)增高,使SCE比对照组增高一倍的浓度:化工区为23μg/ml、农村为47μg/ml,萃取物还能损伤DNA棋板,证明化工区空气飘尘的致突变或致癌的机率比农村大.     

Soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of soil CO2 e ux before and after tillage in a wheat field of Loess Plateau, China

As a conventional farming practice, tillage has lasted for thousands of years in Loess Plateau, China. Although recent studies show that tillage is a prominent culprit to soil carbon loss in croplands, few studies have investigated the influences of tillage on the responses of soil CO2 e ux (SCE) to soil temperature and moisture. Using a multi-channel automated CO2 e ux chamber system, we measured SCE in situ continuously before and after the conventional tillage in a rain fed wheat field of Loess Plateau, China. The changes in soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of SCE, denoted by the Q10 value and linear regression slope respectively, were compared in the same range of soil temperature and moisture before and after the tillage. The results showed that, after the tillage, SCE increased by 1.2–2.2 times; the soil temperature sensitivity increased by 36.1%–37.5%; and the soil moisture sensitivity increased by 140%–166%. Thus, the tillage-induced increase in SCE might partially be attributed to the increases in temperature and moisture sensitivity of SCE.     

氟化物对工人淋巴细胞SCE的诱发

研究表明,磷肥生产中向空气排放的氟化氢和四氟化硅可诱发人血淋巴细胞SCE增高,可使细胞有丝分裂指数下降,使细胞分裂周期迟缓。随接触年限的增加,SCE频率提高。然而接触氟空气污染约10年左右,人体对氟损害所产生的适应机制能够显著降低氟对遗传物质所造成的损伤。吸烟可加重氟化物对SCE的诱发,且吸烟年限越长,这种效应就越显著。     

氟化钠和氟乙酰胺对培养赤麂细胞姐妹染色单体互换和染色体畸变的影响

本文采用培养的赤麂细胞对氟化钠和氟乙酰胺进行致突变效应的研究.观察指标是染色体畸变率(％),姐妹染色单体交换率(SCEs)和细胞周期动力学变化.实验结果证明,氟化钠和氟乙酰胺在培养的赤麂细胞上都能引起染色体畸变率增高,促使SCEs增加和延迟细胞周期.因此,本工作实验结果支持了部份文献中氟化物是一种致突变物的结论.     

卤代核苷植物油悬液一次注射法体内姐妹染色单体交换形成试验

本文介绍一种体内姐妹染色单体交换形成试验的新方法。将卤代核苷制成植物油悬液作皮下一次注射,当小鼠体内卤代核苷剂量达到500mg/kg时,即可获得非常满意的骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体分化着色效果。该法操作简便,无需特殊设备,卤代核苷用量亦较小。     

阿贞

泵房的四个女孩中,阿贞最为抢眼.抢眼的是她那套工作服:星星点点的油污沾满了衣襟,一双工作鞋早已看不出原来的本色.为此,阿贞被泵房的小姐妹不屑一顾地称为"邋遢".     

黄浦江水提取物对姐妹染色单体交换的影响

采用姐妹染色单体交换方法,对黄浦江水提取物进行体外试验。结果表明,0.02ml/10ml浓度组各点水样的姐妹染色单体交换率,除上游竖僚泾和松浦大桥点外,下游各点及自来水均高于溶剂对照:0.02ml/10ml浓度组除竖僚泾点外,下游各点均高于溶剂对照。两种浓度均显示越往沿江下游,姐妹染色单体交换率越有增高趋势:0.03、0.04(ml/10ml)两个浓度组损害淋巴细胞。     

平阳霉素诱发中国地鼠细胞株染色体畸变和姊妹染色单体交换

本文是用染色体畸变和姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)的方法,检测了广谱抗肿瘤新药,平阳霉素(PYM),诱发哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变的能力,以便确定它的诱变性。 结果表明,PYM显著延长细胞分裂周期,大大提高染色体畸变频率,明显增加SCE的频率。显然,它对动物细胞具有强烈的诱变效果。     

环境医学

X18 9600101电离辐射与活性氧诱发人淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换与抑制细胞增殖率指数/罗黎明(兰州大学生物系》二//辐射研究与辐射工艺学报/中科院上海原子核研究所一1995,13(2)一65~68 环信TL一9 电离辐射、超氧阴离子自由基和拄自由基都能分别引起人淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)频率增加和细胞增殖率指数降低。SCE与增破率指数间密切负相关。推测电离辐射的.上述生物学效应正是由辐照细胞生成的超氧阴离子和经自由基引起的,图1表4参12X18 9600102人体接触多环芳烃的指标一尿中1一经基花的研究进展/赵振华(北京市环保科研院)//环境科…     

Sister chromatid exchange and DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by air-dust in Lanzhou City: involvement in free radicals

The air-dust samples collected from petro-chemical industrial region in the suburb of Lanzhou and from a certain rural region 64 km away from the city were extracted, with a mixed solvent (benzene: hexane: isopropanol=7:2:1) for 8 hours. A strong free radical signal at g= 2.00 of air-dust itself and a hyperfine splitting EPR signal of extract from air-dust have been detected. The sister chromatid exchange frequency (SCE) was increased by extracts of both dusts from the industrial region and from the rural region. If a chemical is able to increase SCE up to twice as high as the control, this chemical is considered to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The double SCE frequency concentration is 23 μg/ml for the dust extract obtained from the industrial region and 47μg/ml for that from the rural region. Extracts were able to damage to DNA template. Results indicated that the mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of the extracts obtained from the petro-chemical industrial region were stronger than that of the     

邻氨基苯甲酸电化学修饰电极及其铅的测定

本文提出用电化学方法制作邻氨基本甲酸修饰玻碳电极,修饰液为50ml水溶液,内含邻氨基苯甲酸0.3g,36％甲醛0.3g,NaOH 0.3g;扫描的电位范围为-0.1—+1.3V(vs.SCE);扫速100mV/s和扫描时间5min.研究了铅在该电极上的阳极溶出伏安特性,铅在该电极上的氧化还原过程是不可逆反应.电极对铅的测定灵敏度比未修饰玻碳电极大大提高,重现性也好,测定12次的相对标准偏差为1.8％,电极可用于水中痕量铅的测定,最佳的测定条件是:底液为0.05mol/L KCl(pH=2—8),富集电位-0.9V(vs.SCE),富集时间2min.常见离子不干扰铅的测定.铅(Ⅱ)浓度为1—3ng/ml时,测定回收率为96—102％,定量测定的下限是0.2ng/ml.     

环境医学

X 18 9502092苯并(a)花对人血淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学损伤研究/杨业鹏…(北京医科大学卫生毒理学教研室)户环境与健康杂志z本刊编辑部(天津、一1994,11(6)一25()一252环信R一36 以不同浓度苯并(a)花(BaP)对人血淋巴细胞进行体外染毒·运用微核(MN)、染色体畸变(C八)和姊妹染色单体交换〔SCE)试验.综合评价了BoP对人血淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学损伤作用结果表明,经S9代谢活化,BaP可诱发细胞MN率,CA率和SCE率显著增高,并呈现明显浓度一反应关系。_上述三指标的变化相互间呈高级正相关。三项指标中与BaP染毒浓度的对数值呈高度正相关。三项…