Linking analyses and environmental Kuznets curves for aggregated material flows in the EU

The relationship between economy and environmental impacts has been an essential topic in the discussion on environmental problems for a long time. From the 1990s, this relationship has gained a position in environmental policy as well. De-coupling the use of natural resources from economic growth has been set as one of the policy goals in the sixth Environmental Action Programme by the European Commission. In the scientific discussion, the concept of environmental Kuznets curve deals closely with the de-coupling or de-linking phenomenon. Aggregated material flows, on the other hand, have often been considered as a macro-level proxy of environmental degradation. Different methods or approaches have been designed for “sustainability” or “carrying capacity” evaluation as well. The objective of this article is (i) to discuss the possibilities and limitations of using environmental and economic indicators in the sustainability analysis at the macro level, (ii) to present a theoretical framework for the linking analysis including a classification of the degrees of de-linking/re-linking environmental impacts from/to economic growth, and (iii) to give an empirical example by using indicators of direct material flows as a proxy of environmental degradation and by applying the framework into the European Union and its 15 member countries. The results show that the trend in the European Union is a weak de-linking of material flows from economic growth during the years 1980–2000. In other words, material intensity of the economy has generally decreased due to increased efficiency, but the absolute amount of material use has increased, although at a lower rate of increase than economic growth. On the other hand, there is a quite large variation between different EU member countries. However, absolute decrease in the use of materials cannot be found as a continuous trend between the years 1980 and 2000 in any of the studied EU member countries.     

谈谈化验中应用工作曲线的几个问题

本文着重论述在化验分析中应有工作曲线中应注意的几个问题供参政。     

淹水对互花米草光合色素含量及快速光响应曲线的影响

以实验室栽培的互花米草为研究对象,室内模拟研究0、10和20 cm淹水水位下2、4、6、12和24 h/d淹水胁迫对互花米草叶绿素含量及快速光响应曲线变化影响.结果显示:(1)0 cm淹水处理下,淹水时间越长有利于提高互花米草叶片叶绿素含量,而在10 cm和20 cm淹水处理下,4 h/d和6 h/d淹水处理叶绿素含量...     

Estimating carbon supply curves from afforestation of agricultural land in the Northeastern U.S.

The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative for the northeastern states of the U.S. allows for terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration offsets generated by afforestation activities only. This paper estimates the maximum potential quantity and associated costs of increasing the storage of carbon by afforestation of existing agricultural land in the 11 states of the Northeast United States. The focus of the work was to describe location, the quantity, and at what cost it would be economically attractive to shift agricultural production to afforestation to increase carbon storage in the region. Widely available data sets were used to (1) identify spatially-explicit areas for lower costs carbon offsets and (2) estimate carbon supply curves related to afforestation of agricultural land over three time periods (10, 20, and 40 years). Carbon accumulation and total carbon offset project costs were estimated at a county scale and combined to identify expected costs per ton of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂e). Large variation in estimated costs per ton of CO₂e are driven by varying carbon accumulation potentials and opportunity costs of taking land out of agricultural production, as well as the duration of the project activity. Results show that the lowest cost carbon offset projects will be in certain counties of Maine, Vermont, and New York. Pasture land, with lower opportunity costs, generally presents the opportunity for lower cost carbon offset projects relative to cropland. This analysis estimates that afforestation of pasture land in the northeast will not become economically attractive until the price rises above 10 per metric tonne (MT) CO < sub > 2 < /sub > e and that up to 583 million MT could be economically sequestered if the price were to rise to10 per metric tonne (MT) CO₂e and that up to 583 million MT could be economically sequestered if the price were to rise to 50 per MT CO₂e, based on a 40-year project life. With regard to cropland in the northeast, afforestation does not become economically advantageous for land owners until the price rises above $40 per MT CO₂e. It is estimated that up to 487,000 MT could be sequestered from cropland if the price were to rise to $40 per MT CO₂e. It is estimated that up to 487,000 MT could be sequestered from cropland if the price were to rise to 50 per MT CO₂e, based on a 40-year project life.     

某石化企业粉体料仓爆燃事故原因分析

本文以某企业HDPE料仓的一次爆燃事故为案例,通过分析事故的成因,提供了调查料仓事故的思路及整改方案的确定方法.     

Issues in developing a capacity for integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation

As policymakers and stakeholders increasingly consider relative merits and complementarities of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is important to improve analytical capacities to support this process. Because a single analytical approach is unlikely to fit all needs, this paper explores potentials for an integrated analytical framework that incorporates both top–down and bottom–up approaches.     

Development of a simulation model for reuse businesses and case studies in Japan

To discuss measures to promote reuse in society, a holistic understanding of reuse businesses and markets is indispensable. This paper presents a simulation model for reuse businesses. To formulate the model, first, prerequisites for reuse businesses are outlined. The simulation model includes these prerequisites as its parameters, and its outcomes yield patterns of reuse markets. The paper presents the formulation of the model and simulation outcomes under four parameter settings. The correspondences between the simulation outcomes and case studies of reuse businesses in Japan are discussed to verify the propriety of the model.     

某企业分析岗位职业病危害分析与控制

通过对某企业分析人员在取样过程、分析过程及样品处理过程中的职业危害进行识别与分析,提出了分析人员在作业过程中应采取的个体防护措施及工程上的预防与控制措施。     

西北某县污水处理及回用工程的可行性研究

分析了西北某县污水排放的现状 ,提出在该县修建污水厂和污水回用处理厂的必要性、可行性 ,该工程会产生良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

油类物质测定的几个影响因素及改进

通过用重量法测定水中油类物质的几个影响因素的研究，得出了能够取得满意测定结果的方法．改进后的方法，减轻了工作量，节省了分析费用，有利于批量分析．     

某炼油厂重油催化裂化装置噪声危害现状与防治

目的了解炼油厂重油催化裂化装置生产过程中噪声危害现况及对作业工人听觉系统影响,探讨防治措施。方法检测装置设备的噪声强度,调查职业病防护设施设置及个人防护用品使用情况,分析作业人员职业健康体检结果。结果装置设备噪声多点均超过国家职业卫生限值,高强度噪声主要存在于各类机泵、气压机、空气增压机、烟气轮机、空冷器蒸汽管线等处。装置检修（采取更多防噪声措施）后作业场所噪声检测结果有所改变,作业人员听力异常情况有所好转。结论通过工艺改革、采用无声或低声设备替代噪声设备,消声、减振等控制噪声的传播等措施,可有效降低作业场所噪声强度,减少作业人员听力受损。     

Increasing the rate of sustainable change: a call for a redefinition of the concept and the model for its implementation

Mankind is committed to taking sustainable pathways in search of a state of sustainability. Thirty years after the “Limits to Growth” published by the Club of Rome the world is still far from the equilibrium of sustainable development (SD). Technology is postponing the depletion of natural resources but is not solving the problem itself, either because the technology is itself not sustainable or because the application of it is being mismanaged. This article attempts to analyze the wide gap between the strategies drawn up and the effectiveness of the actions taken in implementing sustainability. The paper addresses the issue of whether or not mankind can make the right choices and has the right infrastructure of pathways to do so. In short, an answer is sought to the question, “What are the prerequisites for the fastest rate of sustainable change?” This question is tackled by the four authors. They start from critical arguments concerning the effectiveness of sustainable change, explain the terminology used in the article and identify the main factors for increasing the rate of sustainable change, which are then discussed in detail in each part of the text (EG). Then, each from a different starting point, they comment on self-organization (US), sustainable innovation and cultural regions (HK), global cooperation and regional resources (MB) and sustainable research by universities (EG). The individual contributions, when taken together, form a discussion of the crucial factors or prerequisites for sustainable change. It is concluded that only cooperation between regions and regional stakeholders can give sustainable change the driving force needed to overcome global (political) friction and ensure that it moves forward in equilibrium and at a constant rate. Specific measures are put forward to maximize awareness within and among regions.     

氟污染土壤中有效态氟提取剂的选择

通过对1.00mol/L NH4Cl、0.02mol/L NH4Cl、0.01mol/L CaCl2和H2O四种提取剂对污染土壤中元素氟的提取能力的分析比较,以及土壤性质与提取量的相关分析,确定了1.00mol/LNH4Cl为提取污染土壤中有效态氟最适宜的提取剂,为测定污染土壤中有效态氟含量,科学、合理评价氟的生态效应提供参考。     

运营量增加和交通声环境质量的改变应列为环境影响评价的要素

公路交通噪声的产生与变化同公路周围建设项目或是在原有公路上增加运营量有关,因此提出了应将建设项目因增加的运营量所引起的交通噪声的变化,作为环境影响评价的要素之一。通过对美国联邦公路管理局（FHWA）模式进行简化,获得用车流量表示的公路交通噪声增量的计算公式,通过现状监测值与投产后因运营量的增加而引起的噪声增量直接相加,可预测交通噪声的改变值。由此可预测和评价建设项目投产后,因运营量的增加而引起的交通声环境质量的变化情况。     

一株Diaphorobacter属细菌对苯酚的降解特性和代谢途径

Diaphorobacter sp.ZW12菌株具有较高的苯酚耐受性和降解能力,通过摇瓶培养在以苯酚为唯一碳源的基本培养基中考察该菌株对苯酚的耐受性和苯酚降解特性。结果表明,该菌株能在苯酚浓度为4.0g/L的培养基中生长,完全降解苯酚的最高浓度可达3.0g/L。其最适生长pH、生长温度和代谢温度分别是pH7.0、33℃和30℃。利用苯酚羟化酶基因(Lph)、邻苯二酚-1,2-加氧酶基因(C12O)和邻苯二酚-2,3-加氧酶基因(C23O)特异性引物对ZW12总DNA进行PCR扩增,结果Lph基因和C23O基因PCR扩增阳性、C12O基因扩增呈阴性,表明ZW12对苯酚的代谢是通过C23O途径进行的。     

Live Earth气候危机音乐会上海接力棒

2007年7月7日晚7时,Live Earth气候危机音乐会上海站演出在上海东方明珠电视塔下隆重拉开帷幕。国际巨星莎拉·布莱曼,香港及台湾地区的知名艺人陈奕迅、许慧欣、辛晓琪、黄晓明、黄耀明、容祖儿、SOLAR乐队以及内地当红女子十二乐坊都云集于此,他们用各自的表演来支持LIVE EARTH的倡议。