载镁活化天然沸石处理高氟水实验研究

为了提高沸石对氟的吸附能力,采用氯化镁对活化天然沸石进行改性,分析了除氟剂的性能,确定了除氟剂改性的最佳条件:10%氯化镁溶液,固液比1∶4,pH=7.0,室温以300 r/min的速度振荡改性3h。最佳除氟条件:pH=7.0,室温以300 r/min的速度搅拌反应1.5 h。吸附剂对F-的吸附过程符合Langmuir及Freundlich等温线方程,由D-R模型拟合可知,除氟剂对氟的吸附为物理吸附过程。在最佳反应条件下,水样中氟浓度由2 mg/L降低到0.78 mg/L,符合GB5949-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》(≤1 mg/L)。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

净水污泥与粉末活性炭复合制备吸附剂去除氨氮研究

将净水污泥与粉末活性炭复合制备吸附剂,用于去除水中的氨氮。研究了净水污泥与粉末活性炭的最佳复合比例及煅烧温度,并采用EDX、SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET对吸附剂进行表征。考察了吸附时间、溶液初始pH、吸附剂投加量、氨氮初始浓度对氨氮吸附效果的影响。结果表明:复合吸附剂的吸附性能优于原泥,当吸附时间为5 h,pH为9时氨氮去除效果最佳。对实验结果进行吸附等温线及吸附动力学模型拟合,发现复合吸附剂对氨氮的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型及二级动力学方程。     

活性炭对含铜制药废水的吸附特性

以粉末活性炭为吸附剂,采用批式试验,研究静态吸附对黄连素脱铜废水中Cu2+的去除效果,分析了吸附剂投加量(5～50 g/L),pH(1.0～5.0)和接触时间(20～600 min)对吸附效果的影响. 当pH为2.4,吸附剂投加量为30 g/L时,反应300 min即可达到吸附平衡状态. 通过对吸附动力学和吸附等温线的模型分析发现,二级吸附动力学模型能够更好地描述试验结果,对吸附平衡数据的拟合采用Langmuir吸附等温线优于采用Freundlich吸附等温线.      

天然活化沸石负载壳聚糖对高氟水的处理

为提高天然沸石对氟的吸附能力,采用活化天然沸石负载壳聚糖改性处理,研究了除氟剂的性能,确定了除氟剂的最佳改性条件:2.0%冰醋酸溶液,壳聚糖浓度为0.05 g/mL,壳聚糖:沸石(质量比)=0.07,室温下改性5 min。最适除氟条件:pH=6.0,粒径1~2 mm,100 r/min的速度搅拌反应50 min,静置0 min。吸附剂对F-的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线,对氟离子的饱和吸附容量为10.63 mg/g。     

软锰矿改性污泥活性炭对Cu~(2+)吸附特性的研究

文章对比研究了污泥活性炭(AC)和1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭(ACP)对溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了时间、pH值和吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附反应的影响。结果表明:室温下,180 min后Cu2+吸附达到平衡,pH=4.8时吸附效果最优;伪二阶动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温方程能很好地拟合两种污泥活性炭的吸附反应。通过计算,室温下,改性前后的污泥活性炭Langmuir模型的饱和吸附量Qm分别是78.13 mg/g和94.34 mg/g。在初始浓度200 mg/L,pH=5,吸附剂投加量为2g/L时,1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭对Cu2+的最大吸附量为90.15 mg/g,比未改性时提高了23.33%。     

Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge

Introduction Adsorptionisrelevantinenvironmentalpollutionandprotectionwithreferencetowaterandwastewatertreatment(Bowen,1992).Toxicmaterials,hazardousionsanddyes fromindustrialeffluentsbythewayofadsorptionareofgreatsignificantinconnectionwithenvironmentala…     

活性氧化铝对六价铬的吸附研究

为了应对水体中六价铬的污染问题,文章研究了活性氧化铝(AA)对六价铬的吸附效果。实验考察了吸附过程中的影响因素pH、六价铬初始浓度、投加量和吸附时间对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明:活性氧化铝对六价铬的吸附效果受pH的影响较大,六价铬的去除率随着pH值的升高先升高然后降低,最佳pH为3,去除率为84.04%。六价铬的去除率随着活性氧化铝的投加量和吸附时间的增加逐渐升高然后趋于稳定,最佳的投加量和吸附时间分别为10 g/L和90 min,去除率分别为87.34%和84.04%。随着初始浓度的不断上升,六价铬的去除率逐渐下降。在原水条件下的吸附速度和吸附容量都比在纯水条件下低。平衡吸附数据符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线模型。活性氧化铝对六价铬吸附效果非常好,可以作为去除水中六价铬的吸附剂。     

锌锰电池正极材料净化模拟废水中磷的研究

研究利用废旧锌锰电池的阳极材料净化模拟废水中的磷,探讨了净化过程中pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间和磷初始浓度等操作条件对磷净化效果的影响,找出了适宜的操作条件并对净化过程的机理进行了分析。通过试验发现pH对磷净化过程有显著影响,含磷废水净化过程中适宜的pH为8.0;随着吸附剂加入量的增加和初始溶液的降低,磷的净化率逐渐增加。锌锰电池正极材料对水中磷的净化过程速度较快,5 min即可使磷的吸附率达到93.41%。对平衡吸附容量数据进行回归分析发现磷净化过程的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程表示,Langmuir方程参数Q0为12.41 mg/g,Freundlich方程参数n为2.927,用不同的动力学模型对试验数据进行回归分析发现吸附剂对水中磷的吸附过程符合假二级模型。锌锰电池正极材料可以有效净化废水中的磷。     

巯基乙胺改性蛭石对水体中Ag(I)的吸附性能研究

用巯基乙胺(MEA)来改性天然蛭石,并利用FTIR、BET、TG-DSC等手段对蛭石和改性蛭石进行表征,分析结果显示MEA成功负载到蛭石上.同时,研究改性蛭石对Ag+的吸附性能,结果表明,经过巯基乙胺改性后蛭石的吸附能力得到较大提升Ag+的去除率从20%提升到79%,吸附大约在200min达到平衡,吸附剂最佳投加量为2g/L左右,pH值在6~12范围内都有较好的吸附效果.Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型能够很好的解释VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附过程.VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附机理主要有电荷吸附和配位吸附.     

糠醛渣对水中甲基橙的吸附性能

为了探究糠醛生产中的废料糠醛渣对水体中甲基橙的吸附性能和吸附机制,利用FT-IR（傅里叶变换红外光谱）和SEM（扫描电镜）对糠醛渣的结构特性进行表征,浅析糠醛渣对甲基橙的吸附机制;通过模拟试验,考察了吸附剂用量、pH、吸附时间和温度等因素对糠醛渣吸附甲基橙过程的影响;采用吸附动力学模型和吸附等温模型,进一步探讨了糖醛渣吸附机制.结果表明:①糠醛渣结构疏松多孔,表面具有丰富的官能团,有利于吸附.②糠醛渣能高效吸附水中甲基橙,在温度为293 K、pH为4~9、吸附剂用量为0.2 g时,糠醛渣对400 mg/L的甲基橙吸附效果最好;吸附过程在60 min左右达到平衡,并且较好地符合准二级动力学模型（R2=0.999 9）;吸附量随温度的升高而减少,表明该吸附过程为放热过程;在293 K时最大理论吸附量为54.35 mg/g,吸附数据更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型（R2=0.993 3）,表明糠醛渣对甲基橙的吸附主要为单层吸附.③糠醛渣可再生重复利用,吸附甲基橙后的糠醛渣用0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液进行解吸再生试验,第5次使用时对甲基橙仍然具有较好的吸附效果.研究显示,糠醛渣在室温条件下、较宽的pH范围内能快速高效地吸附水中的甲基橙,并且重复利用性好,是一种在偶氮染料废水处理中具有发展前景的廉价、可再生生物质吸附材料.      

膨胀石墨对废水中铬的吸附研究

用微波法在1 000 W下微波膨胀60 s制备了膨胀石墨,并考察了pH值、吸附剂用量、不同初始浓度以及温度对膨胀石墨吸附废水中六价铬的影响,实验结果表明:当膨胀石墨的用量为0.1 g,pH=3,六价铬溶液初始浓度为10 mg/L,温度为15℃时,膨胀石墨对六价铬的去除率能达到39.94%,吸附能够较好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式以及二级动力学模型。     

改性木屑对水中刚果红的吸附性能研究

对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性木屑用于水中刚果红(CR)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)对木屑和改性木屑的性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量以及离子强度对改性木屑去除CR的影响.实验结果表明,CTAB改性后的木屑对刚果红的吸附量明显增大,改性前后木屑的最大吸附量分别为30.30和111.36 mg·g-1.反应过程在前20 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为328 K,吸附剂最适投加量为0.09 g,吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值有关,且增加盐浓度,改性木屑的吸附能力增加.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,且吸附过程为吸热反应.     

Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of dissolved organic matter fractions from secondary effluent by fly ash

Fly ash was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent. Batch experiments were conducted under various adsorbent dosages, pH, contact time, temperatures and DOM fractional characteristics. Under the optimum conditions of fly ash dosage of 15 g/L, temperature of 303 K and contact time of 180 min, a removal of 22.5% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 23.7% of UV-254, 25.9% of the trihalomethanes precursors in secondary effluent was obtained. The adsorption of DOM fractions onto fly ash all followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the hydrophilic fraction adsorption by fly ash also fitted the intraparticle diffusion model quite well. Freundlich and Langmuir models were applicable to the fly ash adsorption and their constants were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorptions revealed that fly ash was more effective in adsorbing hydrophilic fraction than the acidic fractions. Structure changes of the DOM fractions after fly ash adsorption were also characterized via spectrum analyzing. Those mechanisms presented critical step toward improved efficiencies of fly ash adsorption via further surface-modification.     

桉树遗态Fe/C复合材料对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的动态吸附探讨

为研究桉树遗态Fe/C复合材料（PBGC-Fe/C）对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的净化能力及其动态吸附过程,以PBGC-Fe/C吸附剂为固定床,选择溶液初始pH、进水流速、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂投加量和环境温度为影响因素开展动态吸附试验分析.结果表明:在溶液初始pH为2,进水流速为5.14 mL/min,吸附剂投加量为2 g和环境温度为35℃的条件下,PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳平衡吸附容量达到10.72 mg/g;提高溶液初始pH、进水流速和溶液初始质量浓度或降低吸附剂投加量均可缩短反应穿透时间和衰竭时间;Thomas和Yoon-Nelson模型均能较好地描述PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的动态吸附过程,说明该吸附过程中内部扩散和外部扩散均为非限速步骤,吸附速率常数（k_Th）随着进水流速的增大从1.3×10-3 mL/（min·mg）升至2.6×10-3 mL/（min·mg）,随着溶液初始质量浓度的增大从2.7×10-3 mL/（min·mg）降至1.4×10-3 mL/（min·mg）.研究显示,PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）具有较好的动态吸附能力,具有较好的市场应用前景.      

活性炭纤维对铅镉二元离子吸附作用的研究

以活性炭纤维(Activated Carbon Fiber,ACF)为吸附剂,研究吸附剂投加量、时间、初始溶液pH和重金属浓度等影响因素对二元溶液中Pb(II)和Cd(Ⅱ)去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,ACF适应的pH范围宽(3.0～5.6),吸附平衡时间短(2 min),对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附容量随溶液pH增加而增大。在溶液pH为5.6,ACF用量为0.004 g/L时,ACF对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附容量分别为232.4和33.8 mg/g。ACF对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附满足Freundlich等温吸附模型,对Cd(II)的吸附满足Langmuir等温吸附模型。环境扫描电镜照片显示ACF在吸附铅镉二元溶液后,表面聚集很多细小颗粒物,能量色散X射线光谱仪分析进一步验证颗粒物的主要组成为铅和镉元素,红外光谱分析则表明Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)与ACF的表面官能团结合实现了ACF对废水中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的去除。     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

Lindet ypeF(K)沸石对Zn~(2+)的吸附研究

利用粉煤灰合成Linde type F(K)沸石吸附重金属Zn2+,考察吸附剂量、pH值、反应温度对Zn 2+吸附效果影响,研究沸石吸附Zn2+的等温线与动力学,得到了相应的模型。结果表明:吸附剂量、pH值、反应温度均对Zn2+去除效果影响显著。随着吸附剂量增大,Zn 2+去除效果不断提高,饱和吸附量逐渐减小。初始pH值为3~7时,沸石对Zn2+去除率随pH值升高迅速提高。反应温度越高,沸石吸附Zn2+到达平衡时间越短。沸石对Zn2+吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其吸附为单分子层吸附;准二级反应动力学方程能很好描述沸石对Zn2+的吸附行为。