生活垃圾固结技术及其安全性研究

针对生活垃圾产生量逐年增多的趋势,采用新型固化技术对陈腐生活垃圾进行固结,并对其固结效果和安全性进行研究.研究结果表明:本固结技术可使生活垃圾固结体28 d强度达38 MPa以上,其耐久性能诸如抗冻性能、耐水性能、抗干湿循环能力和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能较为优越.并且其固结体重金属溶出量亦满足国家标准,即生活垃圾中的重金属离子得到有效的束缚和稳定固化.     

城市污水污泥固结体重金属浸出毒性及路用性能研究

城市污水污泥的重金属离子Pb、Zn超过国家固体废弃物排放最高允许值，属于危险废物。污水污泥的最佳出路是无害化处理，资源化利用，产业化发展。研究了以上海市污水污泥为原料，加入一定比例的固化剂和矿物掺合料使之固结，经养护满足路用强度性能，测试其固结体重金属离子浸出质量浓度亦满足国家固体废弃物排放标准，即污泥中的重金属离子得到有效的束缚和稳定固化，既解决了环境问题，又为污泥产业化发展开辟了新的途径。     

城市污水污泥固结体重金属浸出毒性及路用性能研究

城市污水污泥的重金属离子Pb、Zn超过国家固体废弃物排放最高允许值,属于危险废物。污水污泥的最佳出路是无害化处理,资源化利用,产业化发展。研究了以上海市污水污泥为原料,加入一定比例的固化剂和矿物掺合料使之固结,经养护满足路用强度性能,测试其固结体重金属离子浸出质量浓度亦满足国家固体废弃物排放标准,即污泥中的重金属离子得到有效的束缚和稳定固化,既解决了环境问题,又为污泥产业化发展开辟了新的途径。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰综合利用研究进展

焚烧处理是解决日益增长生活垃圾的有效方法。垃圾焚烧产生的飞灰因含有大量的重金属等污染物而属危险废物，目前常采用的处理方法是填埋。本文就垃圾飞灰的综合利用研究现状进行了论述。从环境和技术的角度看，垃圾飞灰的预处理、水泥固化和玻璃化是目前飞灰综合利用的主要研究方向。     

冶金高炉高温熔融处理垃圾飞灰

为了探讨冶金高炉处理垃圾飞灰的可能性,将一定量的垃圾飞灰作为造球原料通过快凝水泥固化制备冷固飞灰球团,模拟高炉温度、气氛条件对飞灰球团进行高温冶金性能实验研究,并采用X射线衍射仪对飞灰球团中物相变化进行了研究。结果表明:在造球原料里配入5%左右的飞灰通过水泥固化造出的球团能达到入炉要求;配入10%飞灰球团的高炉炉料的高温冶金性能变化不大,且能够保持高炉内的工作环境相对稳定,符合当前冶炼要求的炉内工程条件;在高温下飞灰中的重金属能有效还原固封,二恶英能有效分解,为垃圾飞灰的资源化处理开辟了新的途径。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰综合利用研究进展

焚烧处理是解决日益增长生活垃圾的有效方法。垃圾焚烧产生的飞灰因含有大量的重金属等污染物而属危险废物 ,目前常采用的处理方法是填埋。本文就垃圾飞灰的综合利用研究现状进行了论述。从环境和技术的角度看 ,垃圾飞灰的预处理、水泥固化和玻璃化是目前飞灰综合利用的主要研究方向     

三峡库区垃圾污染现状及治理技术

如何搞好三峡库区的生态环境保护已成为全世界关注的课题，介绍了库区生活垃圾污染现状，并根据库区生活垃圾的特性及当地的经济发展和自然条件，对三峡库区生活垃圾的综合治理进行了系统研究，建议三峡库区垃圾实行分类收集，系统地将城区生活垃圾的管理、收集、运输和处理等各个环节有机结合起来，逐步建立起高效完善的现代化城市生活垃圾管理体系。重点介绍了准好氧垃圾卫生填埋技术和CBS（Cental Bilolgical System）城市生活垃圾高效菌种堆肥技术，秭归、巴东等烧煤区生活垃圾含无机物成分较高，建议选用准好氧填埋技术；涪陵、开县、忠县等燃气区生活垃圾有机物成分较高，已具备一定的资源化价值，高效菌种CBS堆肥技术在燃气区具有广阔的前景。     

含污泥坑生活垃圾填埋场竖向扩容工程稳定沉降分析

为减少生活垃圾填埋场内污泥坑的存在给填埋场后期竖向扩容工程带来的难度,以辽宁省某含污泥坑生活垃圾填埋场为例,对其竖向扩容工程进行了工艺设计和验证分析.根据工程目标和相关规范,合理确定了扩容后填埋场整体平面布置和填埋堆高等参数,选用原位固化技术对污泥进行了加固处理,并确定了处理后污泥的力学参数设计值.使用Geo-Slop...     

城市垃圾中生物质在热分析仪中燃烧的动力学模型研究

为了合理有效利用城市垃圾中的生物质能，实现城市垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化利用，开发适合我国城市垃圾中生物质的焚烧技术，特地对昆明市城市垃圾中生物质进行了特性分析，并在热重分析天平上对其进行了动力学实验研究与分析。结果表明，城市垃圾中生物质的燃烧过程大致可以分为四个阶段，即脱水干燥阶段、挥发份的析出和燃烧阶段、过渡阶段和固定炭燃烧阶段。城市生活垃圾中生物质具有着火温度低、燃尽率高等特点。通过对热重（TG）、差示扫描曲线（DTA）的深入分析，对城市垃圾中生物质的燃烧动力学参数进行了研究，为实现城市垃圾无害化提供理论与技术的支持。     

低水泥含量垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属离子蒸养固化实验研究

对垃圾焚烧飞灰(以下简称飞灰)的矿物组成、微观形貌及其重金属浸出浓度进行了测试分析,结果表明,飞灰中Cd与Pb的浸出浓度远高于《生活垃圾填埋场控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)规定的限值,在进行安全填埋之前需固化处理。引入水泥蒸养固化技术,减少水泥掺量,增加粉煤灰掺量来处理飞灰。研究了不同配比下固化体的抗压强度以及不同飞灰掺量对固化体浸出浓度的影响。结果表明,蒸养后的固化体抗压强度基本都能达到安全填埋的要求,其重金属浸出浓度都低于GB 16889—2008规定的限值,可以进行安全填埋。     

Effect of vermicomposting on calcium, sulphur and some heavy metal content of different biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculation

A study was conducted to evaluate the changes in total calcium and sulphur and some heavy metal (Zn, Cu, and Pb) concentration of different organic wastes affected by liming and microorganism inoculation. Vermicomposting was an effective technology for disposal of organic substrates like municipal solid wastes (MSW), possessing comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals. The addition of lime in initial organic substrates significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased total calcium and total sulphur content of vermicomposts. Inoculation of microorganisms significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the heavy metal content of final products as compared to control. Fungal strains were comparatively more effective in detoxification of heavy metals than B. polymyxa.     

Effect of vermicomposting on calcium,sulphur and some heavy metal content of different biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculation

A study was conducted to evaluate the changes in total calcium and sulphur and some heavy metal (Zn, Cu, and Pb) concentration of different organic wastes affected by liming and microorganism inoculation. Vermicomposting was an effective technology for disposal of organic substrates like municipal solid wastes (MSW), possessing comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals. The addition of lime in initial organic substrates significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased total calcium and total sulphur content of vermicomposts. Inoculation of microorganisms significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the heavy metal content of final products as compared to control. Fungal strains were comparatively more effective in detoxification of heavy metals than B. polymyxa.     

城市污泥的重金属生物活性及其控制

随着土壤法规的加强 ,城市污泥中的重金属严重影响着污泥的处理、处置。介绍了污泥中重金属的分配和化学形态 ,以及迄今为止几种主要的控制方法     

A Model Analysis of Metal Partitioning

The 1984 Amendments to the Solid Waste Act require that wastes listed under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) be analyzed to assess the feasibility of further banning from land disposal. Incineration is expected to be used more often for disposing of either the banned wastes directly or the residues of various treatment processes. Incineration of hazardous wastes, municipal wastes and industrial sludges produces some extent of trace metals. This paper provides a preliminary model concept for analyzing metal partitioning during incineration. The paper concludes that a model for predicting metal partitioning phenomena is feasible and could reduce costs in conducting metal emission testing in the field.     

Anaerobic codigestion of municipal, farm, and industrial organic wastes: a survey of recent literature.

Codigestion of organic wastes is a technology that is increasingly being applied for simultaneous treatment of several solid and liquid organic wastes. The main advantages of this technology are improved methane yield because of the supply of additional nutrients from the codigestates and more efficient use of equipment and cost-sharing by processing multiple waste streams in a single facility. Many municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in industrialized countries currently process wastewater sludge in large digesters. Codigestion of organic wastes with municipal wastewater sludge can increase digester gas production and provide savings in the overall energy costs of plant operations. Methane recovery also helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The goal of this literature survey was to summarize the research conducted in the last four years on anaerobic codigestion to identify applications of codigestion at WWTPs. Because the solids content in municipal wastewater sludge is low, this survey only focuses on codigestion processes operated at relative low solids content (slurry mode). Semi-solid or solid codigestion processes were not included. Municipal wastewater sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, and cattle manure (CAM) are the main wastes most often used in codigestion processes. Wastes that are codigested with these main wastes are wood wastes, industrial organic wastes, and farm wastes. These are referred to in this survey as codigestates. The literature provides many laboratory studies (batch assays and bench-scale digesters) that assess the digestibility of codigestates and evaluate the performance and monitoring of codigestion, inhibition of digestion by codigestates, the design of the process (e.g., single-stage or two-stage processes), and the operation temperature (e.g., mesophilic or thermophilic). Only a few reports on pilot- and full-scale studies were found. These evaluate general process performance and pretreatment of codigestates, energy production, and treatment costs.     

循环流化床锅炉燃烧城市生活垃圾的研究进展

城市生活垃圾(MSW)产量的与日俱增及环保要求的不断提高,使循环流化床(CFB)燃烧技术逐渐在MSW的回收和利用方面扮演越来越重要的角色.简要分析了国内外采用分类回收及综合利用、卫生填埋、堆肥和一般焚烧方法处理MSW的不足之处以及采用CFB燃烧技术的优越性,重点介绍了国内外采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW的研究和应用现状,指出了目前存在的问题及努力的方向.采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW关于SO2、NOx、CO排放的实验研究和运行结果令人满意,但对HCl、二恶英及重金属排放还需要进一步研究.试验及实际运行结果都表明,采用CFB燃烧装置对MSW进行焚烧处理是切实可行的,它将是未来解决MSW问题的重要手段.     

湿解焚烧综合处理垃圾技术的原理及应用

详细介绍了湿解焚烧处理生活垃圾技术的原理和其在武汉经济技术开发区的具体应用，并简述了其在一段时间的调试和运行后表现出的优点。为国内未来垃圾气化熔融焚烧技术的推广提供了参考。     

湿解焚烧综合处理垃圾技术的原理及应用

详细介绍了湿解焚烧处理生活垃圾技术的原理和其在武汉经济技术开发区的具体应用,并简述了其在一段时间的调试和运行后表现出的优点.为国内未来垃圾气化熔融焚烧技术的推广提供了参考.