板栗内皮对水溶液中镉的吸附研究

采用生物吸附法去除水体重金属污染具有重要的现实意义.本文以板栗内皮为吸附剂,研究了溶液pH值、反应时间、吸附剂投加量对水溶液中镉的吸附量与去除率的影响;通过模型拟合、离子交换实验、电镜扫描（SEM）和红外光谱（FTIR）分析,对吸附机理进行了探讨.结果表明：板栗内皮是一种理想的镉吸附剂,适应pH值范围宽（3～6）,达到...     

碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料对水体F-的去除研究

以碳纳米管（CNT）和羟基磷灰石（HAP）为原料,通过原位合成法制备碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石（CdH）复合材料.利用XRD、FTIR、SEM与氮气吸附-脱附等表征其结构形貌,并通过静态吸附实验考察CdH对氟离子（F^-）的吸附性能.结果表明,室温下,CdH对F^-的吸附容量为11.05mg/g,明显高于HAP（5.02mg/g）.吸附动力学模型、Weber-Morris方程、Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合结果表明,F^-在CdH表面进行Langmuir单分子层吸附,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,并且颗粒内部扩散起主要作用.pH值为6时有利于CdH对F^-的去除.此外,结合反应前后固样XPS分析可知CdH对F^-的吸附机制主要为离子交换作用.     

新型离子交换纤维去除水中砷酸根离子的研究

制备了一种新型离子交换纤维。研究表明,该离子交换纤维对砷酸根离子具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度,吸附动力学数据完全符合Lagergren二级速度方程,在所研究的砷浓度范围内,Freundlich型吸附等温式能很好地描述吸附平衡数据,去除砷酸根离子的最佳pH值范围是3．5－7．0。离子交换纤维柱吸附实验表明了较好的动态附特性,稀NaOH溶液是砷酸根离子的有效洗脱剂,30mL 0.5mol/L NaOH溶液可定量将96．0mg/g吸附量的砷从纤维柱上洗脱。     

新型复合材料处理氮磷废水的性能研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide，HDTMA）和稀土溶液氯化镧（LaCl₃）对人造沸石进行改性，以增强其对水中氨氮和总磷的同步去除效果.结果表明，HDTMA和LaCl₃可有效负载于人造沸石表面，且在pH为7的条件下，改性沸石对氨氮和总磷的去除率分别由改性前的75%和1%提高到95.67%和91.96%.影响因素的实验表明，改性沸石对不同浓度废水的氨氮和总磷去除率均达到90%以上；氮、磷的去除率随改性沸石投加量的增加而上升；准二级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对氨氮吸附的动力学过程，准一级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对总磷吸附的动力学过程；吸附等温线说明改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附属于离子交换，对水中磷酸盐的吸附包含离子交换和化学吸附两种过程.此外，通过再生性能、负载强度和离子竞争的试验证明改性沸石能应用于实际生化尾水的氮、磷去除.     

油菜秸杆外壳对水溶液中六价铬的吸附作用

为探讨油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中重金属铬的可能性及其影响因素,并研究其吸附性能和吸附机制.采用Box-Behnken Design实验设计研究了水溶液中六价铬[Cr(VI)]初始浓度、pH值范围、油菜秸秆外壳添加量和吸附温度4个因素对油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的影响作用;用吸附等温方程、吸附动力学方程与热力学方程分别探讨了油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中Cr(VI)的行为;采用红外光谱技术对油菜秸秆外壳吸附水溶液Cr(VI)前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制.油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的最佳条件组合为:在吸附时间为1440min时,Cr(VI)初始浓度为99.15mg/L、pH值为1.01、油菜秸秆外壳添加量为2.90g/L和吸附温度35.70℃,Cr(VI)去除率为91.97%;吸附等温线拟合,吸附Cr(VI)行为符合Freundlich方程,为优惠吸附;热力学研究表明:溶液中Cr(VI)吸附属吸热反应,且为自发吸附行为;吸附动力学显示:油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液Cr(VI)符合准二阶动力学方程,吸附过程中存在离子交换;红外光谱提示:吸附过程中,O—H、C—H、NH3+、N—H和C—O基团与Cr(VI) 络合吸附发挥了重要作用.油菜秸秆外壳能够有效吸附水溶液中的Cr(VI),pH值是最为重要的影响因素.     

阳离子表面活性剂改性沸石对铬酸根的吸附机制

研究了由十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性制成的有机沸石对水体中铬酸根的吸附性能及吸附机制.结果表明,与沸石原矿相比有机沸石对铬酸根的吸附容量更高,而铬酸根在有机沸石表面的吸附量随着体系离子强度的增加而显著减小,说明铬酸根的吸附以静电作用为主.研究还发现沸石经有机改性后表面Zeta电位由负变正,说明表面活性剂在沸石表面的吸附改变了沸石表面的电荷性质,这也是有机沸石能够对铬酸根发生静电吸附的主要原因.铬酸根的吸附量及吸附的铬酸根的解吸量均随着体系pH值的升高而增加,分别约在pH=5.0和pH=6.0时达最大,随后铬酸根的吸附量和解吸量随着pH值的进一步增加逐渐减小.铬酸根的吸附量与解吸量之间的差值随pH升高而减小,说明在低pH条件下非静电吸附所占比例较高pH值条件下有所增加.     

海藻酸锆/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺半互穿网络凝胶球的除磷性能

利用离子交联和自由基聚合反应制备了一种海藻酸锆/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络凝胶球(ZA/PNIPAM),用于吸附水中的磷酸盐.考察了溶液初始pH、吸附剂投加量、初始磷酸盐浓度和共存阴离子等因素对凝胶球吸附性能的影响.结果表明:ZA/PNIPAM在pH=2时可获得较大的吸附能力;随着投加量的减少、初始磷酸盐浓度的升高,凝胶球的吸附性能逐渐增大;SO_4~(2-)对吸附性能影响较Cl~-和NO_3~-明显.准二级动力学模型和颗粒内部扩散模型可以较好地拟合动力学吸附数据,表明表面吸附和颗粒内部扩散是吸附速率的主要控制步骤.吸附等温线数据可以较好地被Freundlich模型描述,表明吸附过程为非均匀多分子层吸附.FTIR、XPS、零电荷点(pH_(pzc))的结果以及相关吸附数据揭示凝胶球吸附磷酸盐的机制为静电吸附(物理吸附)以及配位交换(化学吸附)的共同作用.经过4次循环再生后,ZA/PNIPAM吸附性能保持稳定,具有良好的重复使用性.     

天然沸石中离子交换平衡的离子特异性研究

沸石在改良土壤和保护环境等方面有着广泛的应用,研究沸石离子交换中的特异性效应对更好地利用沸石有着重要意义.碱金属离子在天然斜发沸石中的交换平衡时的最大吸附量存在着明显的特异性效应;对于同价的碱金属离子,其交换吸附能力差异随着离子浓度的降低而增大.这种实验现象不能用库仑力、离子体积、水合作用、色散力、经典诱导力以及表面络合等相关理论进行完整解释.分析发现,根本原因来自离子因量子涨落而产生的极化与沸石颗粒表面电荷产生的强电场之间的相互作用,这种相互作用导致了离子间偶极矩差异随着表面电位的升高而增大,进而使离子-表面吸附能差异增大,并出现不同的交换吸附能力.由于沸石表面电荷密度较高,离子体积效应对其在双电层中的分布也起着比较重要的作用,导致碱金属离子在沸石表面的交换平衡结果在高表面电位(绝对值大于0.2 V)下才表现出较大选择性,与低电荷密度表面上的交换平衡结果存在一定差异.     

阿克苏地区含氟地下水治理方法的分析

针对阿克苏地区存在的氟污染饮用水问题,综述了近年来国内外饮用水除氟方法,如石灰沉淀法、混凝沉降法、吸附法、离子交换法、电凝聚法、电渗析法、反渗透法等。介绍了天然沸石的结构特征;分析了沸石处理地下水的作用机理及再生问题;并对今后沸石法处理地下水的研究提出一些建议。     

三维有机LDH的制备及其对有机物的普适性吸附

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为软模板剂,制得有机三维花状层状双金属氢氧化物(3D-SLDH).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对3D-SLDH的结构进行表征,确定最佳合成尿素浓度,并通过静态吸附实验考察了3D-SLDH对金橙Ⅱ(AO7)、罗丹明...     

Dye removal by eco-friendly physically cross-linked double network polymer hydrogel beads and their functionalized composites

Hydrogels have attracted large attention in wastewater treatment fields due to their low-cost and good interaction with pollutants, among which novel double network hydrogel is an outstanding class. To expand the application of double network hydrogel in water treatment, in this study, eco-friendly physically cross-linked double network polymer hydrogel beads (DAP) are prepared and studied in depth on the mechanism of Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption; and then the polymer hydrogels are further functionalized by inorganic materials. MB adsorption on DAP favors alkaline condition which is due to the increase of electrostatic attraction and adsorption site, and it reaches equilibrium within 10?hr, which is faster than that of the single network hydrogel beads (SAP). Through thermodynamics study, the process shows to be an exothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorption isotherms are well fitted by Langmuir model, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1437.48?mg/g, which is larger than SAP (1255.75?mg/g). After being functionalized with common inorganic materials including activated carbon, Fe₃O₄ and graphene oxide (GO), the composites show to have larger pore sizes and have obvious increases in adsorption capacity especially the one contains GO. Then the composites contains Fe₃O₄ are used as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst which shows to have excellent performance in MB degradation. The results indicate the potential of polymer double network to be functionalized in environmental areas.     

Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

铜渣与含砷污酸反应行为及除砷机理

分析铜渣组成结构和形貌特性的基础上,研究了铜渣与含砷污酸反应行为及脱砷规律,阐明了反应动力学过程,揭示了铜渣除砷机理.结果表明：在铜渣用量为0.2g/mL,反应温度为23℃,反应时间为24h的最优条件下,铜渣的最大去除容量达到25.89mg/g,除砷率达到99.56%,并且除砷后铜渣的砷浸出浓度低于5mg/L的危险废弃物界定限值,属于一般固体废弃物.铜渣除砷过程符合拟二级动力学模型,该过程受铁离子释放速度限制,离子交换吸附和化学沉淀方式同步进行实现了砷的脱除,两种方式的结合有利于砷的稳定化.铜渣与污酸反应释放大量的铁离子,通过离子交换吸附与砷酸根离子发生沉淀反应,形成较为稳定的砷酸盐及其衍生化合物,进而达到除砷目的.铜渣表现出优越的除砷性能,为重有色冶炼污酸处置提供了一种高效和低成本的方法.     

水中污染物对阳离子交换膜分离去除Cu2+的影响

基于Donnan dialysis原理,在无外加电压作用下采用阳离子交换膜分离去除原水中的Cu2+,研究原水中可能出现的无机颗粒物,有机物质,EDTA酸、氨水、Fe3+、表面活性剂等对阳离子交换膜分离去除Cu2+效果的影响.研究表明:原水中添加二氧化硅、腐殖酸、EDTA酸、氨水、Fe3+、表面活性剂等物质,在长时间运行后均会对离子交换膜去除Cu2+有不同程度的影响;二氧化硅和非离子表面活性剂等污染物不会和膜及Cu2+发生物理化学反应,对膜去除Cu2+效果影响较小,相比空白样,Cu2+去除率下降约4%;氨水、阴离子表面活性剂等会导致Cu2+发生沉淀反应,腐殖酸会吸附Cu2+,使原水中游离态Cu2+浓度显著降低约50%;EDTA酸、氨水、阴离子表面活性剂等会与Cu2+形成络合物,对去除Cu2+有严重影响,相比空白样, Cu2+去除率分别下降约100%(EDTA酸)、78%(氨水)、56%(阴离子表面活性剂);阳离子表面活性剂存在时,其会大量占据膜内空间,Cu2+基本无去除;Fe3+在弱酸性或中性水中会水解生成氢氧化铁胶体,对去除Cu2+有一定影响,相比空白样, Cu2+去除率下降约12%.     

锰氧化物对水体中铊的去除机制研究进展

铊（Tl）是国际公认的优先控制的13种金属污染物之一,近些年频繁发生的水体Tl污染事件推动了Tl去除研究工作的进展,作为去除Tl的高效吸附剂、催化剂和氧化剂,锰氧化物是研究热点之一.该研究综述了Tl在合成锰氧化物、矿物锰氧化物、改性锰氧化物及锰氧化物复合材料上的吸附特征,总结了pH、共存离子和有机质对锰氧化物去除Tl的影响,深入探讨了Tl在锰氧化物上的吸附机制.前人的研究成果表明:经过科学改性的锰氧化物及锰氧化物复合材料在吸附选择性、可重复利用及易分离方面表现出更好的Tl去除效果.pH主要通过静电作用和氧化还原作用影响锰氧化物对Tl的去除机制,是影响锰氧化物去除Tl效率的最关键因素;共存离子和有机质分别通过竞争吸附位点和络合作用的方式抑制锰氧化物对Tl的吸附;锰氧化物去除Tl的主要机制为络合作用、氧化沉淀和静电引力,矿物锰氧化物还可以依靠离子交换和同位素分馏作用去除Tl.锰氧化物对Tl去除机制的定性和定量研究,以及不同晶型结构锰氧化物及锰氧化物与微生物的结合对地下水中Tl的去除技术是未来的研究方向.      

Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon^-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.     

生物蛭石柱处理生活污水中氨氮的效果研究

研究了生物蛭石柱对模拟城镇生活污水中污染物氨氮的去除效果。结果表明，生物蛭石柱对NH4^＋-N去除效果与空白蛭石柱去除效果相比明显且稳定，去除率大于85％。从机理分析，生物蛭石柱对NH4^＋-N的去除主要依靠离子交换吸附和生物硝化的协同作用。蛭石挂膜迅速，挂膜后生物蛭石的硝化作用明显。     

GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST凝胶的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术,通过接枝共聚反应制备了阿拉伯胶（GA）-g-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）/丙烯酸（AA）/海泡石黏土（ST）（GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST）复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶进行了表征,研究了水凝胶对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附性能.结果显示：GA、ST和AA与AMPS发生了接枝共聚反应,形成具有均匀三维网络结构的复合水凝胶.0.025g水凝胶可以使体积为50mL、pH值为6.4、浓度为600mg/L的MB溶液的吸附量和吸附率分别达1146mg/g和95.5%,水凝胶具有较好的重复利用性能.Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地描述吸附过程.热力学研究表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发、吸热和不可逆的过程.该水凝胶可用作阳离子染料和阳离子型污染物的潜在候选生物质吸附剂.     

GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST凝胶的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术,通过接枝共聚反应制备了阿拉伯胶（GA）-g-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）/丙烯酸（AA）/海泡石黏土（ST）（GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST）复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶进行了表征,研究了水凝胶对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附性能.结果显示：GA、ST和AA与AMPS发生了接枝共聚反应,形成具有均匀三维网络结构的复合水凝胶.0.025g水凝胶可以使体积为50mL、pH值为6.4、浓度为600mg/L的MB溶液的吸附量和吸附率分别达1146mg/g和95.5%,水凝胶具有较好的重复利用性能.Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地描述吸附过程.热力学研究表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发、吸热和不可逆的过程.该水凝胶可用作阳离子染料和阳离子型污染物的潜在候选生物质吸附剂.     

Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(CNMR)), silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II)followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.