树脂基固态胺吸附材料的选择性CO2吸附性能

基于简单的湿浸渍法将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)有效负载到多孔树脂(HP20)中,制备获得树脂基固态胺吸附材料,并探究了PEI负载量(30%~60%)、吸附温度(30~90℃)和压力(2~100kPa)对材料CO₂吸附性能的影响.研究表明树脂基固态胺吸附材料的最佳PEI负载量为50%,过量的PEI会致使材料CO₂吸附容量和胺基利用效率的显著降低.所筛选的材料在较低或较高的CO₂分压范围内均能展现出优异的CO₂吸附性能,在30℃下的CO₂吸附容量达到3.06~3.78mmol/g,表明该材料在不同CO₂分压的多种碳捕集应用中均有着较好的适用性.此外,树脂基固态胺吸附材料的CO₂/CH₄和CO₂/N₂选择性在2~100kPa的压力范围内分别有262~5858和708~11551,在各类传统或新兴的固体吸附材料中处于较高水平.     

固态胺SO2吸附-解吸循环特性

采用新的固态胺吸附材料研究其对SO₂的吸附性能.针对几种不同种类及孔径的分子筛嫁接胺基合成固态胺吸附材料,研究了其对SO₂吸附规律,特别是研究了固态胺解吸再生的特性.研究结果表明固态胺具有较高的SO₂吸附量,经20次吸附-解吸循环,留在固态胺中的残余量较低.结果还表明,分子筛结构的种类和孔径对固态胺吸附SO₂的效果有重大影响,通常孔径较小的分子筛,吸附效果较差.但分子筛中SiO₂/Al₂O₃的提高可降低解吸后的残余量.研究CO₂,NO_x对固态胺吸附剂的影响规律,结果表明,CO₂对固态胺SO₂吸附基本无影响,NO_x则会干扰SO₂的吸附.通过对解吸残余量化学成分的研究表明,解吸残余量具有与液态胺热稳定物类似的组分.由于固态胺可以有较高的工作温度,因此固态胺将更易于循环再生.     

改性赤泥吸附剂吸附低浓度CO2研究

以赤泥(RM)为原料,采用酸碱预处理方法制备了介孔赤泥材料(MRM),并以其为载体,利用浸渍法负载MgO以期增加碱性活性位点,通过BET,XRF,XRD,CO₂-TPD等手段对其结构和组成成分进行表征分析.研究表明,MRM的比表面积较RM提高了约28倍,孔结构丰富,物相组成分析表明以赤铁矿为主.负载MgO后,孔结构被堵塞,其比表面积和孔容随着Mg负载量的增加而减小,对5%MgO/MRM吸附剂通过XRD检测结果未发现MgO,表明Mg在吸附剂中分散性较好.当吸附温度为30℃,酸碱预处理赤泥的CO₂吸附容量为1.54mg/g,而5%MgO/MRM的吸附容量为2.26mg/g,说明负载MgO后,碱性活性位点数量明显增加,化学吸附作用增强,随着温度的升高,吸附容量逐渐降低.CO₂-TPD测试结果表明,MRM和5%MgO/MRM均以化学吸附为主,主要形成碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐结构.     

模板剂十二胺对胺改性HMS吸附CO2的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、十二胺为模板剂制备中孔硅HMS-1,采用焙烧和乙醇萃取的方法去除其模板剂,所得材料分别为HMS-2与HMS-3,并将四乙烯五胺（TEPA）与二乙醇胺（DEA）混合负载于3种材料上,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外（FTIR）与氮气吸附实验对材料进行表征,研究改性前后的HMS对常压下低浓度CO₂的吸附性能及再生能力.XRD与FTIR结果表明,TEPA与DEA已被成功负载到HMS孔道内.氮气吸附实验表明,保留模板剂和胺基改性后,材料的孔容显著降低.20℃下,初始浓度为10%的CO₂在材料上的吸附量顺序为：MA-HMS-1（3.29mmol/g） > MA-HMS-3（2.7mmol/g） > HMS-1（1.88mmol/g） > MA-HMS-2（1.65mmol/g） > HMS-2（1.33mmol/g）,模板剂的存在,不仅增加了CO₂的吸附位点,还对混合胺改性的HMS吸附CO₂起到了协同作用.在20~75℃范围内,MA-HMS-1与MA-HMS-3受温度影响最明显,65℃时吸附量达最大值;随着温度的升高,HMS-1的吸附量随温度升高持续降低;MA-HMS-2的吸附量基本不变.含胺基的4种材料（HMS-1、MA-HMS-1、MA-HMS-2与MA-HMS-3）在80℃下拥有优良的再生性能,经4次循环再生后,MA-HMS-1的再生率为97.5%,高于MA-HMS-2（83%）和MA-HMS-3（84%）,保留HMS的模板剂对材料的再生性能有明显促进作用.     

2种吸附剂对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚吸附行为研究

该文研究了2种不同性质的吸附剂XAD-4大孔吸附树脂和活性炭对NPn EO的吸附行为。实验结果表明:2种吸附剂对NPn EO都具有一定的吸附作用,XAD-4对NPn EO的吸附效果好于活性炭。通过对2种吸附剂进行等温吸附研究发现,升高温度,XAD-4对NPn EO的吸附量增大;活性炭的吸附能力受温度影响不显著。采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程对NPn EO在2种吸附剂上的吸附行为进行等温方程拟合,结果表明,吸附等温线都更加符合Langmuir方程,相关系数大于0.99,属于单层分子吸附。动力学研究结果表明:NPn EO在XAD-4和活性炭上的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,相关系数大于0.99。     

大孔树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附研究

研究了XDA-200大孔树脂对水溶液中邻苯二甲酸的吸附。结果表明XDA-200树脂对水溶液中的邻苯二甲酸吸附速度很快，30min内基本达到平衡，其后达到完全平衡的吸附进程非常缓慢。树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附量随质量浓度增加而增加。pH值降低，有利于邻苯二甲酸在溶液中以分子态存在，易于树脂吸附。邻苯二甲酸的吸附均满足Freundlich和Langmiur等温吸附方程。泄漏点与进水浓度和流速均有很大关系。     

SO2对掺杂KMnO4的K2CO3/Al2O3吸附剂脱碳性能影响

针对SO₂对吸附剂CO₂吸附性能的影响,该文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝气凝胶载体,浸渍法制备吸附剂,通过固定床实验系统进行N₂低温吸附-脱附实验,研究了掺杂KMnO₄的K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂CO₂吸附性能以及SO₂对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。利用Avrami模型计算吸附动力学,并结合吸附剂的孔隙和晶相结构变化分析吸附机理。结果表明：吸附实验最佳反应温度60℃,掺杂KMnO₄提高了K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃的CO₂吸附性能,吸附量提高0.13 mmol/g。在CO₂吸附实验中加入微量SO₂,掺杂KMnO₄后会减小烟气中SO₂对CO₂吸附...     

大孔树脂对柠檬黄吸附行为的研究

用三种大孔树脂NDA-7、NDA-99和ND-900作为吸附剂,对水溶液中柠檬黄进行吸附,探讨了温度、盐含量和pH值对不同类型树脂吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明,三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附均符合Freun-dlich公式,在相同温度下,三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附量大小顺序为ND-900〉NDA-99〉NDA-7;降温和减小溶液初始pH值均有利于三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附;盐分对三种树脂的吸附效果均有严重的负效应,但是随着盐含量的增加,三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附曲线又表现出不同的变化趋势。     

天然高分子吸附剂研究——羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂的合成及吸附特性

以壳聚糖为原料，经乙二醇双缩水甘油醚交联后，与氯乙酸反应，合成了羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂，并研究了其对Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋的静态吸附性能，结果表明，该树脂对上述３种金属离子均具有良好的吸附性能，其吸附容量分别达２．２５，１．９８和１．８１ｍｍｏｌ·ｇ＾－１。     

超高交联吸附树脂的孔结构对CS2的吸附-脱附的影响

以苯乙烯为单体、二乙烯苯为交联剂、氯甲醚为氯甲基化试剂,通过改变致孔剂(甲苯或者液体石蜡)种类和交联剂用量,合成出具有不同孔结构的系列超高交联吸附树脂.柱穿透吸附实验结果表明,超高交联吸附树脂对CS₂的吸附量与0.4～1nm之间的微孔体积有关,而与比表面积、微孔体积(0～2nm)无明显相关性;程序升温脱附实验结果表明,当吸附树脂具有更高比例的中孔和大孔孔容时,CS₂脱附的峰值温度更低,脱附更容易.     

以粉煤灰为原料制备低温CO2吸附剂的工艺参数优化

利用高铝粉煤灰预脱硅液作为载体原料,通过使用胺基化合物对载体改性制备低温CO_2吸附剂.应用6 sigma中的工具,对制备工艺进行优化,得到理想的吸附剂,并对吸附剂样品进行表征.结果表明制备的CO_2吸附剂表现出良好的CO_2吸附性能.此类CO_2吸附剂具有吸附容量高(160 mg·g~(-1))、吸附速率快、对设备腐蚀低、成本低廉等特点,是一种极具工业应用潜力的CO_2吸附剂.     

碳酸钾-二乙烯三胺复合溶液吸收烟气中CO2实验研究

热钾碱溶液在工业脱除二氧化碳中已获得较广泛的应用,但存在吸收速率差、再生负荷高等缺点-开发新型热钾碱溶液成为目前研究热点.采用搅拌实验装置,研究碳酸钾溶液及不同配比的碳酸钾-二乙烯三胺(DETA)复合溶液对烟道气中二氧化碳的吸收和解吸性能,揭示了吸收速率、吸收容量和酸碱度与时间之间的内在联系;对CO2初始逸出温度,试液...     

Potential application of high pressure carbon dioxide in treated wastewater and water disinfection: Recent overview and further trends

Recently emerging disadvantages in conventional disinfection have heightened the need for finding a new solution. Developments in the use of high pressure carbon dioxide for food preservation and sterilization have led to a renewed interest in its applicability in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. Pressurized CO₂ is one of the most investigated methods of antibacterial treatment and has been used extensively for decades to inhibit pathogens in dried food and liquid products. This study reviews the literature concerning the utility of CO₂ as a disinfecting agent, and the pathogen inactivation mechanism of CO₂ treatment is evaluated based on all available research. In this paper, it will be argued that the successful application and high effectiveness of CO₂ treatment in liquid foods open a potential opportunity for its use in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The findings from models with different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, microorganism, water content, media …) suggest that most microorganisms are successfully inhibited under CO₂ treatment. It will also be shown that the bacterial deaths under CO₂ treatment can be explained by many different mechanisms. Moreover, the findings in this study can help to address the recently emerging problems in water disinfection, such as disinfection by-products (resulting from chlorination or ozone treatment).     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified TiO2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a hydrothermal treatment and modified by three kinds of amines,namely ethylenediamine,polyetherimide and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA),to study their CO2 adsorption properties from gas streams.The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy,as well as low temperature N 2 adsorption.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column at 30℃.TEPA-modified TiO2 nanotubes showed the highest adsorption capacity of 167.64 mg/g because it had the highest amino-group content among the three amines.CO2 fixation on TiNT impregnated by TEPA was investigated at 30,50,and 70℃,and the adsorption capacity increased slightly with temperature.Following the adsorption step,the sorbents were regenerated by temperature programmed desorption,and the TiNT-TEPA sample,as CO2 sorbent,was found to be readily regenerated and energy-efficient.The cycle test also revealed that the TiNT-TEPA adsorbent is fairly stable,with only a 5% drop in the adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,the CO2 adsorption behavior was investigated with the deactivation model,and which showed an excellent prediction for the TiNT-TEPA breakthrough curves.     

岩溶深水水库干流及支流夏季二氧化碳分压及扩散通量

以云贵高原岩溶深水水库——万峰湖为例,于2016年9月对该水库水体进行连续走航观测及分层采样,测定水体温度(T)、酸碱度(pH)、电导率(Cond)、总溶解固体物(TDS)、氧化还原电位(ORP)及碱度(ALK),通过水化学平衡原理及亨利定律计算水体二氧化碳分压(pCO_2).结果表明:干流表层pCO_2为128.84~222.51 Pa,均值为184.03 Pa;支流表层pCO_2为140.32~285.00 Pa,均值为216.78 Pa.剖面上,干流pCO_2为128.84~1076.81 Pa;支流pCO_2为140.32~657.23 Pa,干、支流剖面pCO_2随水深度增加而升高.TDS浓度为203.0~286.7 mg·L-1,溶解无机碳(DIC)浓度为2.56~3.37 mmol·L-1.相关分析表明:水体pCO_2与ORP呈显著正相关,分析认为受水生生物作用影响,水生生物消耗表层溶解CO2使表层水体pCO_2较低.同时,pCO_2与TDS、DIC呈正相关,说明万峰湖流域内溶蚀作用控制的河流碳酸盐体系是影响水体pCO_2的主要原因.干、支流水体pCO_2处于过饱和状态,成为大气CO2的源.根据Wanninkhof提出的淡水水-气界面交换系数的通量模式,估算干、支流水-气界面CO2交换速率分别为0.16、0.19μmol·m-2·s-1,其扩散通量干流为9.77~20.84 mmol·m-2·d-1,均通量为15.30 mmol·m-2·d-1;支流为11.55~27.88 mmol·m-2·d-1,均通量为19.72 mmol·m-2·d-1.与世界其它河流、水库相比较,水库干、支流二氧化碳扩散通量比热带地区河流Amazon、Curua-Una、Tucurui小;与温带地区黄河相比,扩散通量要大;与亚热带岩溶区水库相比差异不明显.     

Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

Estimation of carbon dioxide flux and source partitioning over Beijing, China

The magnitude and partitioning of carbon dioxide emission from the urban area in Beijing, China was estimated based on a statistical approach. Results showed that the urban surface is a net source of CO2 to atmosphere. The main sources of CO2 are vehicles, which accounted for 75.5% and 38.9% of CO2 emission in summer and winter, respectively. At midday in summer, the CO2 uptake of-0.034 mg/（m^2.sec） indicated that vegetation is an important sink of CO2 in summer. Comparison between the annual emission rates of CO2 from the statistical approach and that directly measured by the eddy covariance technique implies that a bottom-up emission approach is a viable means to estimate CO2 emission in an urban area.     

外源盐对盐碱土壤CO2吸收的影响

为探明盐碱土壤CO₂吸收机理及影响因素,通过室内实验,利用外源盐调节土壤电导率（electrical conductivity,EC）,探究盐碱土壤CO₂吸收速率的变化趋势、累积吸收量和土壤EC之间的关系。结果表明：培养期间,土壤样品在36 h出现吸收现象,且EC值高的土壤达到CO₂吸收速率峰值时间短。回归分析显示,土壤CO₂累积吸收量随EC增加而增加（R²=0.8637）。单因素方差分析发现,不同电导率土壤,CO₂累积吸收量均具有显著差异（p＜0.001）。土壤EC是影响盐碱土壤CO₂吸收变化的重要因素,土壤EC值升高,增加盐碱土壤对CO₂的吸收速率和土壤CO₂累积吸收量。     

Contrasting responses of seed yield to elevated carbon dioxide under field conditions within Phaseolus vulgaris

The rising concentration of carbon dioxide [CO₂] in the atmosphere represents an increase in a growth-limiting resource for C₃ crop species. Identification of lines or characteristics of lines which have superior yield at elevated [CO₂] could aid in adaptation to this global change. While intraspecific variation in responses to elevated [CO₂] has been found in several species, intraspecific differences in crop yield responses to elevated [CO₂] under field conditions have seldom been documented. In this 4-year study, the responses of photosynthesis, growth, pod number, seed number and size, and seed yield to the elevation of [CO₂] to 180 μmol mol⁻¹ above the current ambient concentration were examined in four varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris in the field, using open-top chambers. There was a significant variety by [CO₂] interaction for seed yield, with seed yield at elevated [CO₂] ranging from 0.89 to 1.39 times that at ambient [CO₂] (mean 1.17×) in the different varieties, when averaged over 4 years. The highest yielding variety at elevated [CO₂] was not the highest yielding variety at ambient [CO₂]. The varieties with the largest and smallest yield responses both had an indeterminate growth habit. Down-regulation of photosynthesis at elevated [CO₂] only occurred in the two indeterminate varieties, and there was no significant correlation between the response of single leaf photosynthetic rate and the response of seed yield to elevated [CO₂] among varieties, nor between the responses of stem mass and seed yield. The change in the number of pods at elevated [CO₂] was the primary determinant of the response of seed yield. These results indicate that significant variation in the response of seed yield to elevated [CO₂] under field conditions does exist among varieties of P. vulgaris, and that variation in the response of pod and seed number may be more important than variation in photosynthetic response.