镍钴钼精密合金酸洗废液处理与回收的研究

试验研究了含Ni、Co、Mo等精密合金酸洗废液处理与回收的方法,该方法可有效改善为去除精密合金热轧带材表面氧化皮所产生的酸洗废液对环境的污染,并且可充分回收镍、钴、钼稀有贵重金属,使资源获得再利用.     

浅谈目前锅炉清洗存在的问题

目前,我国有大量的特别是小锅炉业主为了省钱,招用不具资质的公司进行锅炉清洗。锅炉清洗中存在着诸如酸洗不添加缓蚀剂、酸洗后不钝化、清洗过程中直接用酸液浸泡以及清洗废液直接排放等不规范现象。     

钢铁工业硫酸酸洗废液的处理

采用冷冻结晶法和催化氧化法2种工艺对衡阳钢管厂酸洗废液进行处理,在工艺调试的基础上得出了2种工艺各自的最佳运行参数.运行结果表明,调酸-冷冻结晶法处理废酸后,再生废酸可满足回用要求,催化氧化法生产的聚合硫酸铁也满足<净水剂聚合硫酸铁>(GB14591-2006)I型标准.     

轧钢车间酸洗槽及排气设施的改进

我厂630中型轧钢车间酸洗间,由于在酸洗工序平面布置、酸洗槽的防腐和酸雾的排除设施等方面存在严重问题,因此常常发生事故,影响生产。后来,我们进行了改造。两年多的实践证明,基本解决问题。1.酸洗间平面工艺布置630车间酸洗间原设计为年处理酸洗坯     

轨道交通装备行业废液综合处理技术

轨道交通装备企业在生产过程中产生的乳化废液、清洗废水、探伤废水和油漆废水,根据不同的特点,开发出一种同时处理上述废液技术,即"药剂反应物理强化破乳脱脂+絮凝剂、混凝气浮、生物降解、吸附过滤"综合处理技术,废液经过处理后达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

醋酐法制备奥克托今过程中废液的回收利用

为了处理醋酐法制备奥克托今(HMX)产生的废液,采用蒸馏的方式,在处理废液的同时回收硝酸铵和醋酸.经两步过滤对废液进行预处理,加热废液至115℃,馏出约占65％废液总量、质量分数为70％左右的乙酸溶液,釜底液冷却结晶,理论上可回收约88.9％硝酸铵.分别利用回收的硝酸铵与原料硝酸铵制备HMX,所得HMX无明显差异.     

净化带钢酸洗槽酸雾的静电电场设计

1 前言 酸洗是冶金机械行业去除金属表面杂质,提高产品质量的一种有效方法。带钢在冷轧前进行酸洗,可以清除表面的氧化层,提高冷轧的光洁度。带钢的酸洗,大多采用连续酸洗形式。主要由开卷机、液压剪、送料机、储料槽、酸洗槽及清洗槽组成。在酸洗过程中,为了提高酸洗的质量,加速酸洗时的化学反应速度,通常用压缩空气或高温蒸汽对酸液进行搅拌和加温,因而产生大量的酸雾,弥漫在车间内外,造成极大的危害。     

某核废液处理厂的火灾爆炸事故解析(Ⅰ) 核废液的沥青固化处理条件对固化产物中盐粒子的微观构造的影响

设计了一套核废液的沥青固化处理模拟试验装置,对不同固化处理条件下生产的沥青固化物内的混合盐粒子的微观构造、粒径分布等进行了详细探讨.结果表明,固化处理条件的改变对固化产物中的盐粒子的大小及其粒径分布虽无明显的影响,但对其微观构造及比表面积的影响却十分明显.当核废液中含有磷酸盐并且核废液的送料速度较低时,生产的沥青固化物中的混合盐粒子的约70%是由长3-6微米,直径约1微米的针状结晶以架桥形式构成.这样的氧化剂颗粒具有很大的比表面积.     

镀锌薄板酸洗槽的酸雾控制

薄板在镀锌以前必须酸洗,流程如图1(?)所示。图1 镀锌薄板酸洗1-酸冼机;2-酸液槽;3-清水槽;4-薄板;5-酸洗筐薄板酸洗过程中产生大量酸雾和水雾充满车间,污染环境。据测定,酸洗槽边空气含硫酸浓度为4.5～13.22毫克/米~3,其它     

某核废液处理厂的火灾爆炸事故解析（Ⅰ）－－核废液的沥青固化处理条件对固化产物中盐粒子的微观构造的影响

设计了一套核废液的沥青固化处理模拟试验装置，对不同固化处理条件下生产的沥青固化物内的混合盐粒子的微观构造、粒径分布等进行了详细探讨。结果表明，固化处理条件的改变对固化产物中的盐粒子的大小及其粒径分布虽无明显的影响，但对其微观构造及比表面积的影响却十分明显。当核废液中含有磷酸盐并且核废液的送料速度较低时，生产的沥青固化物中的混合盐粒子的约70％是由长3—6微米，直径约1微米的针状结晶以架桥形式构成。这样的氧化剂颗粒具有很大的比表面积。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。