聚合硅酸硫酸铝对印染废水的预处理实验研究

本文采用硅酸钠、硫酸和硫酸铝为原料，制备出无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硅酸硫酸铝，探讨了聚合硅酸硫酸铝对广东某毛纺企业印染废水的应用性能。结果表明，聚合硅酸硫酸铝对COD和色度的去除率优于硫酸亚铁，COD和色度去除率分别可达31．8％和84％，减轻了后续生化系统的压力。     

钻井废弃泥浆脱水工艺试验

在分析钻井废弃泥浆组成的基础上,对泥浆体系进行稀释、酸化处理,以硅改性聚合氯化铁为破胶剂,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂,破坏钻井废弃泥浆的胶体体系,采用固液分离方法使泥浆液混凝脱水。试验表明:稀释倍数为4倍、pH值为5、2.5%改性聚合氯化铁为破胶剂、0.25‰阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂、0.8%N-626为去油剂,离心分离后泥饼中石油类含量低于3‰,混凝产生的絮体大、脱水率高、残渣稳定性好、无造浆能力。     

微生物絮凝剂的制备及在实验室废水处理中的应用研究

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的富集培养、分离和筛选的方法及过程。并用试验所制备的微生物絮凝剂对啤酒工艺实训室废水进行了处理研究。研究发现,微生物絮凝剂对啤酒工艺实训室废水具有较好的去除效果。     

化学混凝法处理制革含硫废水的试验研究

选用价格便宜的无机高分子混凝剂聚合铁和一般常用的明矾、氯化铁以及硫酸亚铁进行制革废水脱硫探索,比较了这四种混凝剂对含硫废水的处理情况,并且进一步对pH值、投加量对策铁脱硫效率的影响进行试验研究。     

海泡石活化废酸复合絮凝剂处理印染废水的研究

利用海泡石酸活化所产生废液的特性,制备一种处理印染废水的新型复合絮凝剂。通过实验,分析了印染废水的pH值﹑海泡石废酸复合絮凝剂的投加剂量及静置时间对处理印染废水效果,并且在相同实验条件下与硫酸铁及海泡石原矿处理印染废水分别做了对比实验。实验结果表明:海泡石活化废酸复合絮凝剂处理印染废水能取得良好的效果。     

一株微生物絮凝剂产生菌的絮凝特性及处理气田废水研究

从土壤中分离、筛选得到一株稳定高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌,命名为B—27。考察了碳源、氮源、pH、温度、培养时间等多种因素对絮凝剂(命名MBF—27)絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明,当碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为酵母膏、pH为7.0、温度为35℃、培养时间为72h时,絮凝剂MBF—27对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率可达93.8%。红外光谱扫描分析表明,该絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质。同时,生物絮凝剂MBF—27对气田废水的COD和色度去除率分别达到60.77%和86.1%,优于传统的絮凝剂聚乙烯丙胺(PAM)和三氯化铁(FeCl3)。     

中药渣絮凝剂处理造纸废水的研究

本文介绍了一种天然高分子絮凝剂中药渣的制备,并用于处理造纸废水。结果表明,中药渣对造纸废水有良好的絮凝效果。适宜ｐＨ值为６．５～９．５;最佳絮凝剂投加量为０．２５０ｇ／ｌ。     

再生造纸废水絮凝除浊试验研究

本研究采用絮凝法对再生造纸废水中含细小纤维、无机填料的悬浮物进行处理试验,比较了硫酸亚铁与聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂和聚硅酸氯化铁盐两种絮凝剂的絮凝效果,研究了制备聚硅酸氯化铁盐的铁硅比、pH值、碱化度以及投加量与废水除浊率之间的相互关系。实验结果表明：在最佳条件下,絮凝效果优异,除浊率达到98％,上清液无色透明。     

几种有色废水混凝脱色实验研究——PAC与PAA复配法处理印染废水研究

本文以棉纺织印染废水为主要研究对象,采用无机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＣ与有机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＡ复配使用,对印染废水、二硝基重氮酚（Ｄ．Ｄ．Ｎ．Ｐ）起爆药废水、造纸中段水及呋吗醋酮制药废水等进行脱色实验。试验结果表明：ＰＡＣ与ＰＡＡ的复配使用对印染废水具有优良的脱色性能,色度去除率达８０％以上,ＣＯＤ可降低２０～３０％。所用絮凝剂对这几种有色废水具有一定的广谱脱色性能,有较好的工业应用潜力。     

油田井场废水高效絮凝剂研究与应用

文章分析了长庆油田井场废水特点,研制了三种适合于长庆油田井场废水处理的絮凝剂。将研发的絮凝剂与普通PAM分析进行对比,新型絮凝剂对色度及石油类的去除比常规PAM去除率提高了50%左右,悬浮物及COD的去除率亦分别提高了20%和30%。现场应用表明,研发的絮凝剂具有良好的应用效果。     

多举措集成提升电厂节水减排成效

本着分级使用、减少排放、综合利用的原则,根据现场实际情况进行综合治理,重点是增加并完善梯级利用程度,提高水资源利用效率。对除灰、输煤废水这类浊度较大的废水进行自循环利用,禁止外排;完善循环水排污水利用系统;对高含盐量化学废水进行综合利用,达到既减排又可以改善废水水质的目的。     

钻井废水的处理现状与展望

油气井钻探过程中产生大量钻井废水，会对环境产生污染。本文介绍了钻井废水的来源、组成及其对环境的影响，着重介绍了目前钻井废水的处理工艺、方法和处理剂，并对钻井废水处理技术的发展进行了展望。     

ACUTE RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SEVERAL DISINFECTANTS IN DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER1

ABSTRACT: This study determined the acute toxicity of waste water disinfected with chlorine, bromine chloride, or ozone. The residual toxicity of effluent dechlorinated with sulfur dioxide was also tested. Toxicity tests were conducted with cyprinid, salmonid, and centrarchid fishes, as well as several species of fresh water macroinvertebrates. Residual chlorine exhibited the greatest toxicity of the disinfectants tested; dechlorination with sulfur dioxide effectively eliminated the toxicity of chlorinated effluent. Residual ozone produced mortality in test animals only under special conditions where subjects were exposed to effluent immediately after it was contacted with ozone, and chlorobrominated effluent was more toxic to salmonids than chlorinated effluent.     

氧化铝行业水污染控制措施探讨

根据氧化铝行业生产用水及排污特点,结合某氧化铝生产企业生产废水的处理实践,推荐采用逆向洗涤赤泥和氢氧化铝,节约用水量;综合利用赤泥洗液和含碱废水;对生产用水设置循环水系统和二次利用水系统;设置生产废水处理站,氧化铝系统和热电厂的生产系统排水、循环水系统的排污水,以及化验等废水全部排入生产废水处理站处理,废水经处理后作为二次利用供水返回生产系统使用,通过综合利用生产废水,可以实现厂区废水的零排放,节约资源的同时,提高清洁生产水平,避免对环境造成污染。     

胜利油田采油废水污染现状及达标处理技术探讨

介绍了油田采油外排污水的污染现状,并对油田主要的采油污水处理技术及其在生产中的应用情况进行了调查、分析与评价。调研结果表明:油田采油污水的外排量较大,处理达标率很低,环境污染严重;目前采用的大部分采油外排污水处理技术已不能适应油田生产的需求,必须研究开发新的采油外排污水处理技术。利用氧化塘技术处理桩西联采油废水和利用生物接触氧化法处理孤岛采油废水的工程实验获得成功,废水最终达标排放。     

关于炼化企业水资源利用的几点思考

通过对我国水资源状况及石化行业水消耗情况分析,找出我国石化企业新鲜水用量,污水排放在绝对量,吨原油、万元产值的单耗,单排等方面与国外相比较存在的差距。指出存在的主要问题是:清污分流不彻底;污污分流不健全;汽提后的净化水回用量小;新鲜水冲洗地面及作为机泵冷却水直排,导致新鲜水的浪费。同时针对以上问题提出相应的建议参考指标及对应措施。     

百色、陆良盆地石油钻井污水处理

研究了水生植物法、水生植物一化学絮凝法、化学絮凝法、化学沉降法对钻井污水进行的处理，并着重研究了化学絮凝法。通过室内和现场试验应用表明，百色、陆良盆地石油钻井污水采用氯化钙十石灰十铝盐进行三级处理后，可取得满意效果，并有推广应用价值。     

Optimal Location and Management of Waste Disposal Facilities Affecting Ground Water Quality1

ABSTRACT: Numerical simulation of ground water solute transport is combined with linear programming to optimize waste disposal. A discretized form of the equation governing solute transport is included as a set of constraints in a linear program. Two problems are described. First, the management model is used to maximize ground water waste disposal. The model constrains disposal activities so that the quality of local ground water supplies is protected. Parametric programming is shown to be important in evaluating waste disposal tradeoffs at the various facilities. Changes in the velocity field induced by waste water injection cause a nonlinearity in the solute transport equation which is dealt with by employing an iterative procedure. The second problem is aimed at identifying all sites which are suitable for waste disposal in the subsurface. The management model is manipulated so that the optimal value of the dual variables are “unit source impact indicators.” This physical interpretation is valuable in identifying feasible disposal sites. The joint simulation and optimization approach permits the management of complex ground water systems where the aquifer is used simultaneously for waste disposal and water supply.     

WATER AND WASTE WATER IN IMPERIAL ROME1

ABSTRACT: Rome is noted for its water and waste water systems which were constructed during ancient times. This paper is a discussion of the impact these systems had on living conditions in the imperial city. Rome's water system provided a constant supply to centrally located areas in contrast to modern systems which deliver water on demand to individual connections. For both water and waste water systems, access points were generally outside the household. Because of this lack of individual connections, Romans were forced to spend much of their time outside their tenements in the baths, latrines, arenas, streets, and shops of the imperial city.     

WASTE WATER REUSE IN PHOENIX-HOW VIABLE IS IT?1

ABSTRACT: The Phoenix metropolitan area has a unique combination of circumstances which makes it one of the prime areas in the Nation for waste water reuse. Overriding all of these conditions is the long-term inadequacy of the existing water supplies. The Salt River Valley has a ground water overdraft of about 700,000 acre feet per year. To help alleviate this situation, the Corps of Engineers in conjunction with the MAG 208 is looking at ways to reuse a projected 2020 waste water flow of 340,000 acre feet per year. Reuse options identified include ground water recharge, agricultural irrigation, turf irrigation, recreational lakes, fish and wildlife habitats, and industrial cooling. These look nice on paper but before they can be implemented, some hard questions have to be answered, such as: How acceptable are local treatment plants when 15 years ago there was a major push to eliminate local plants; is the Phoenix area ready for reuse in urban areas; what are people willing to pay for water; who benefits if a city goes to ground water recharge; how much agriculture will be left in the area by 2020? These and other questions must be resolved if reuse is to become a viable option in water resource planning in the Phoenix area. Summary. Large scale reuse of waste water conforms with the national goal of better resource management through recycling. The Phoenix metropolitan area has a unique combination of circumstances which makes it one of the prime areas in the nation for waste water reuse. Some of the most notable conditions are: the existence of a large and rapidly growing urban area which is in the process of planning for future waste water management systems; the existence of agricultural areas which are projected to be farmed well into the future, and the existence of constructed and planned major recreational systems such as Indian Bend Wash which can use recycled waste water; the existence of extensive depleted ground water aquifers; the need for a dependable source for the cooling of the Palo Verde Nuclear reactors; and finally, overriding all of this, the long-term inadequacy of the existing water supplies. Given this, one would expect to find total reuse within the Phoenix metropolitan area. Reuse is taking place with irrigation and nuclear power cooling to the west but there is no long term plan which looks at the Valley as a whole and considers waste water as part of the Valley's water resources. The Corps 208 plan is looking at waste water in this manner but initial analysis shows that although reuse is technically feasible there are many financial, social, institutional, and political questions still to be answered. These include: determining the value of existing diminishing water sources and what people are willing to pay for the next source of water; are people willing to identify priority uses of water for the area so that water of varying quality is put to its highest and best use; will the present institutional boundaries remain to create water-rich and water-poor areas; and will legislation be forthcoming to simplify the complex surface and ground water laws that presently exist? The Corps 208 study will not be able to answer these questions, but the goal at the moment is to identify feasible reuse systems along with decisions the public, owners, agencies, and politicians must make to select and implement them. If some sort of logical process is not developed and public awareness not increased, the chance for a long-term plan to utilize waste water as a major element in the Phoenix area water resource picture, may be missed.