玉米芯水解渣混菌固态发酵生产菌体蛋白混合饲料初探

我国玉米产量已超过１亿ｔ［１］,估计收获玉米后的副产物———玉米芯量超过２０００万ｔ。传统的处理方法使这一宝贵资源未得到充分开发利用,而综合利用可再生资源已受到世界各国的高度重视［２］。用玉米芯生产菌体蛋白混合饲料,有利于缓解粮食紧缺和蛋白质饲料原料...     

技术转让项目

技术转让项目＠９４００１建年产亚万ｔ饲料磷酸氢钙厂（提供东南亚产品销售渠道，包建成投产一条龙服务，年利润８００万元）。磷酸氢钙是一种重要的饲料添加剂，在国际饲养行业中使用极为广泛。１９９２年世界产量５３０万ｔ．，其中磷酸氢钙３８０万ｔ，日本、东南亚、...     

桑蚕蛹资源及其综合开发前景

我国有桑蚕蛹资源５０万ｔ／ａ，干蛹蛋白质高达４８．９８％．氨基酸种类齐全，８种必需氨基酸占４１％。目前大部分蚕蛹仅作为饲料使用，高蛋白资源的浪费极大。蚕蛹可开发２０多种保健食品、纺织、轻化工产品．综合开发经济效益高．具有广阔的开发前景。     

“绿色”的──工业产品

“绿色”的──工业产品‘Ｇｒｅｅｎ’ＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ绿色电脑据美国有关方面调查，电脑系统的用电要占到商业用电的５％，预计到２０００年会增加到１０％。因此，在电脑业若能做到节能的话，其效益将是非常可观的。在这种情况下，具有节能性能的电脑─...     

高产、优质、高效、持久地发展绿洲农业─—以148团农场为例

地处荒漠中的绿洲农业，在强化现代培肥改土措施的条件下，灌耕灰漠土的土壤有机质含量将逐步提高，有利于实现绿洲农业的高产、优质、高效、持久目标。１４８团农场现代培肥改土措施的核心是加强植物性产品的生产。突出的抓了每年填闲种植向日葵绿肥２０００ｈｍ２左右（约占１８％）；每年施用化肥６０００ｔ—７０００ｔ（折纯量２４７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２），实施以无机换有机战略。在此基础上做好秸秆过腹增值、加工增值和直接翻压还田。     

政策法规

政策法规·２０００年前我国产业发展调整重点·我国今后７年产业发展和结构调整重点是，①继续加强农业和水利建设，保持农业稳定增Ｋｔ实现高产、优质、高效并促进农村经济全面发展。②加快基础工业和基础设岖建设，在煤炭、石油、电力、铁路、公路、班场、化工、石油比...     

利用亚铵制浆废液开发饲料资源

发展畜牧业必须有强大的饲料工业作后盾,必须把配合饲料搞上去,而配合饲料必须依赖于蛋白质饲料。蛋白质饲料的紧缺,是当今畜牧业发展所面临的重大问题,所以迫切需要开辟新的蛋白质饲料来源。随着现代生物技术的应用研究不断深入,目前利用多种资源如废弃物资源做原料...     

政策信息

政策信息国家调整十大比例关系国家计委负责人最近提出要研究解决到本世纪末我国经济发展的十大比例关系。这十大比例关系是：①三个产业间的比例关系，到２０００年时第一二三产业的比例应调整为１８．２ｔ５２：２９．８。②工业农业比例关系应调整为８４：１６。③重工...     

世界环保市场环顾亚洲最具前景但资金严重短缺

世界环保市场环顾亚洲最具前景但资金严重短缺ＬｏｏｋｉｎｇＡｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅＷｏｒｌｄＭａｒｋｅｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｓＢｒｉｇｈｔｉｎＡｓｉａ，ＢｕｔＣａｐｉｔａｌＤｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＳｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ目...     

加强动物血的开发与利用

动物血——动物被屠宰后产量最大的副产品,具有较高的蛋白质含量(猪血含19.8％,牛血含17.3％,禽血含19.7％的粗蛋白),是一项巨大的潜在性蛋白质饲料资源。据张观明报道,全国仅猪血年产约31.2万吨,折合蛋白质5万吨,加上牛、羊和家禽屠宰时的鲜血,数量更为可观。如果把这些动物蛋白质资源作为饲料加以开发利用,可以增加动物蛋白质饲料,促进配合饲料工业和养殖业     

乌鲁木齐市近5年生态足迹与生态承载力研究

生态足迹是一种可持续发展程度的生物物理评价方法.阐述了生态足迹的概念和计算模型,设计了城市生态足迹计算方法,对乌鲁木齐市2000-2004年共5年的生态足迹及生态承载力进行了测算.结果表明：各年的生态足迹需求均大于生态承载力,出现了生态赤字现象,该市处于生态不可持续状态.     

Groundwater-level trends and implications for sustainable water use in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan

The Kabul Basin, which includes the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, with a population of approximately 4 million, has several Afghan, United States, and international military installations that depend on groundwater resources for a potable water supply. This study examined groundwater levels in the Kabul Basin from 2004 to 2012. Groundwater levels have increased slightly in rural areas of the Kabul Basin as a result of normal precipitation after the drought of the early 2000s. However, groundwater levels have decreased in the city of Kabul due to increasing water use in an area with limited recharge. The rate of groundwater-level decrease in the city is greater for the 2008–2012 period (1.5 meters per year (m/yr) on average) than for the 2004–2008 period (0–0.7 m/yr on average). The analysis, which is corroborated by groundwater-flow modeling and a non-governmental organization decision-support model, identified groundwater-level decreases and associated implications for groundwater sustainability in the city of Kabul. Military installations in the city of Kabul (the Central Kabul subbasin) are likely to face water management challenges resulting from long-term groundwater sustainability concerns, such as the potential drying of shallow water-supply wells. Installations in the northern part of the Kabul Basin may have fewer issues with long-term water sustainability. Groundwater-level monitoring and groundwater-flow simulation can be valuable tools for assessing groundwater management options to improve the sustainability of water resources in the Kabul Basin.     

Carbon storage potential in natural fiber composites

The environmental performance of hemp based natural fiber mat thermoplastic (NMT) has been evaluated in this study by quantifying carbon storage potential and CO₂ emissions and comparing the results with commercially available glass fiber composites. Non-woven mats of hemp fiber and polypropylene matrix were used to make NMT samples by film-stacking method without using any binder aid. The results showed that hemp based NMT have compatible or even better strength properties as compared to conventional flax based thermoplastics. A value of 63 MPa for flexural strength is achieved at 64% fiber content by weight. Similarly, impact energy values (84–154 J/m) are also promising. The carbon sequestration and storage by hemp crop through photosynthesis is estimated by quantifying dry biomass of fibers based on one metric ton of NMT. A value of 325 kg carbon per metric ton of hemp based composite is estimated which can be stored by the product during its useful life. An extra 22% carbon storage can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio by 13% while maintaining same flexural strength. Further, net carbon sequestration by industrial hemp crop is estimated as 0.67 ton/h/year, which is compatible to all USA urban trees and very close to naturally, regenerated forests. A comparative life cycle analysis focused on non-renewable energy consumption of natural and glass fiber composites shows that a net saving of 50 000 MJ (3 ton CO₂ emissions) per ton of thermoplastic can be achieved by replacing 30% glass fiber reinforcement with 65% hemp fiber. It is further estimated that 3.07 million ton CO₂ emissions (4.3% of total USA industrial emissions) and 1.19 million m³ crude oil (1.0% of total Canadian oil consumption) can be saved by substituting 50% fiber glass plastics with natural fiber composites in North American auto applications. However, to compete with glass fiber effectively, further research is needed to improve natural fiber processing, interfacial bonding and control moisture sensitivity in longer run.     

Financial viability of reforesting reclaimed surface mined lands, the burden of site conversion costs, and carbon payments as reforestation incentives

US Federal law mandates that mined land be returned by mine operators to a condition capable of supporting its pre-mining use or a higher use. Previously forested lands have commonly been reclaimed to hayland/pasture or wildlife habitat, and most of these lands have been abandoned from management and rendered non-productive. This situation has left landowners in the position of converting these reclaimed mined lands to forests at a later date, if they choose to make them economically productive. Such land-use conversion, however, comes with a substantial up-front cost to the landowner, which makes the financial viability of such a conversion questionable. We examine the financial viability of reforestation of these previously reclaimed mine lands by calculating land expectation value (LEV) under a range of conditions that include forest type, site quality, and reforestation intensity. We find that conversion to white pine is viable on higher quality sites under low to moderate interest rates with low or high timber prices, but conversion to mixed hardwoods is only profitable under the high price scenario with low interest rates, and only on higher quality sites. We also consider the implications of a shift in reforestation burden from the landowner to the mine operator, and results suggest that including costs of reforestation as part of the mining operation creates a financially viable forest enterprise for landowners under all scenarios for both white pine and mixed hardwoods. Two forms of carbon payments that could encourage reforestation of previously reclaimed mined lands also are examined: an annual payment based upon the total accumulated carbon found on-site in a given year, and an annual payment based on only the increment of carbon storage each year. Our carbon payment results indicate that annual values of up to $5.17 per ton of carbon stored in hardwoods and $9.39 per ton of carbon stored in pines would be required to make reforestation profitable under the poorest conditions (high interest rates, low prices, and poor quality site) when the payment is based on accumulated on-site carbon, although lower values are required under more favorable scenarios. Payments that are based upon the annual increment of carbon must fall in the range of $8.66–$71.88 per ton of carbon stored in hardwoods and $0–$83.29 per ton of carbon stored in pines to make reforestation financially viable.     

苏北某市养猪场污染现状及防治对策

文章对苏北某县级市养猪业作了简要的工程分析,指出了该市现有养猪场存在的环境问题,推荐了国内较为成熟的五种畜禽养殖废弃物处理的基本技术模式,分别从宏观与微观、技术与政策的视角提出了县级市农村畜禽养殖污染综合防治的对策与建议。     

确定大气SO_2污染物总量控制目标初探

通过对个旧市 2 0 0 0年和 2 0 10年大气SO2 排放量的预测及对环境空气质量的影响预测 ,提出SO2 污染防治措施以及SO2 削减计划 ,从而确定出既能满足个旧市环境空气质量功能分区目标 ,又与国家对酸雨控制区的规划目标一致的个旧市 2 0 0 0年至 2 0 10年大气SO2 总量控制目标 ,以确保酸雨和SO2 污染不断恶化的趋势得到遏制     

Food,feed, and fuelwood resources of Nepal: A GIS evaluation

A GIS-based land evaluation model was developed to determine the food, feed, and fuelwood sufficiency of all districts in Nepal. Resource surpluses or deficits were calculated for each district for 1981, the year for which the national land resource data were available. Of the three resources, feed supplies were found to be the most critical. Feed deficits occurred in 57% of all districts in 1981, while food and fuelwood deficits occurred in less than 10% of all districts. Different scenarios were carried out for the year 2000 to estimate the magnitude of future resource deficits, assuming resource use and yields in Nepal remain constant in the face of growing population and livestock numbers. Linking resource data with spreadsheet and GIS systems provides a new way to understand and evaluate resources at the district and national levels. To more fully capture the usefulness of this approach, information on rates of change in productivity and land use is needed.     

我国农作物秸秆资源的利用现状与前景

我国农作物秸秆资源丰富，年产量达６亿ｔ。传统上，秸秆被作为农户生产燃料或用于牲畜的粗饲料，少量用于造纸。近年来，由于农户生活用燃料锐减，腐熟还田量少，而田间直接焚烧量大，导致大气严重污染。作者在分析秸秆资源综合利用前景的基础上，提出应用先进的就地还田和快速腐熟技术促进农业的持续发展。     

A case study on project-level CO2 mitigation costs in industrialised countries: the Climate Cent Foundation in Switzerland

This paper analyses CO₂ emissions reduction costs based on project data from the Climate Cent Foundation (CCF), a climate policy instrument in Switzerland. Four conclusions are drawn. First, for the projects investigated, the CCF on average pays €63/ton. Due to the Kyoto Protocol, the CCF buys reductions only until 2012. This cut-off increases reported per ton reduction costs, as the additional lifetime project costs are set in relation to reductions only until 2012, rather than to reductions realised over the whole lifetime. Lifetime reduction costs are €45/t. Second, correlation between CCF's payments and lifetime reduction costs per ton is low. Projects with low per ton reduction costs should thus be identified based on lifetime per ton reduction costs. Third, the wide range of project costs per ton observed casts doubts on the widely used identification of the merit order of reduction measures based on average per ton costs for technology types. Finally, the CCF covers only a fraction of additional reduction costs. Decisions to take reduction efforts thus depend on additional, non-observable and/or non-economic motives. Any generalisation of results has to consider that this analysis is based on prospective costs of a sub-sample of projects in Switzerland.