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生产离不开自然资源,区域经济的发展也离不开自然资源。马克思曾经说过:“人在生产上只能与自然一道来进行工作。”国土规划量大面广,是一项综合性、战略性很强的工作。进行国土规划需要不少必备的基础性工作,自然资源研究同其它基础性工作相比具有明显的先行性质。因此,制定国土整治、开发、利用规划时,必须充分认识自然资源研究的这种特殊性,充分发挥自然资源研究的先行作用。 相似文献
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我国计划与规划工作严重滞后于社会主义市场经济的发展:体系紊乱,种类过多,缺乏评估,计划指标无约束力,部门间缺乏协调。应取消过多过滥的规划,提高规划的可操作性和针对性,尤其应加强国土规划,增加土地和环保硬性指标。 相似文献
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5.12汶川特大地震灾害引起了社会和学术界对地震灾后重建规划广泛的关注。地震灾后重建规划几乎包含了当前规划领域中的所有挑战,是速度和质量兼顾、人性与理性权衡、社会经济与环境效益统一、多方博弈的过程,对灾后重建规划环评也从理论到实践层面提出了新的挑战。本文在对灾后重建规划特点进行归纳的基础上提出灾后重建规划环评相应具备的特点,即早期介入、与规划过程融合、增加灾害情景、突出规划协调性分析和应用反规划思路等特点,并进一步以《国家汶川地震灾后重建总体规划》为例说明了与灾后规划融合的环评流程、灾后规划环评的关键内容和评价思路。在对常用规划环评方法从信息成本、工作成本、客观和量化程度等原则进行评价后认为灾后重建规划环境评价中应有效利用比较评价法、GIS叠图法、生态承载力评价法等相对快捷、成熟或客观的方法。 相似文献
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水污染防治规划理论方法综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国的水污染防治规划工作起于20世纪70年代,经过几十年的发展,目前已初成体系,一些成熟的规划方法得到了较为广泛的应用。然而传统方法本身的缺陷、水环境新问题的提出、计算机技术的发展都要求和促使更多新理论方法应用到实践中来。本文在回顾我国水污染防治规划的发展历程和现有规划方法的基础上,对水污染防治规划理论方法的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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本溪是全国重要的老工价基地.全市有400多家企业集中在市区.每年排放大量废气、烟尘、废水和固体废弃物,严重污染了环境,曾一度被称为“卫星看不见的城市”,人民群众意见很大.也引起了国内外的极大关注。7年前,本溪市根据国务院环境保护委员会关于治理本溪环境污染的决定精神,制定了环境污染7年治理规划(1989——1995年)。规划提出,经过7年治理要使本溪的环境污染有明显改善,大气质量达到三级、水体质量达到五类地面水标准。7年来,本溪市政府带领全市人民负重奋进.团结拼搏,全面完成了治理任务。7年共投资4.8亿元,建成治理… 相似文献
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构建土地利用规划环境影响评价的指标体系 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
20世纪90年代中期,土地科学界和生态学界曾提出:"无论将土地作为生产性利用还是非生产性利用,都会形成一种干扰,使生态环境的不确定性增大,从而降低土地利用规划的科学性和合理性".在这一背景条件下,尝试性地按照土地利用类型对其所带来的环境变化影响与效应进行了分析,并在此基础上构建土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系及可采用的评价方法. 相似文献
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伴随着生态环境保护和生态文明建设工作不断发展,中国的生态环境规划经过近45年的探索发展,规划理念与时俱进,规划层级不断提升,规划体系不断优化,规划技术方法不断探索实践,生态环境规划的发展对促进生态文明建设工作、系统谋划环境污染治理,改善生态环境质量发挥了重要作用,但还存在着五年综合规划统领作用未有效发挥、规划实施管理较为薄弱、规划技术支撑不足等问题。在生态文明建设进入到以降碳为重点战略方向、推动减污降碳协同增效、促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型、实现生态环境质量改善由量变到质变、美丽中国建设起步开局的关键时期,生态环境规划要健全规划体系、强化规划空间属性、建立全过程实施管理体系,提升规划编制实施管理水平,进一步发挥规划的基础性、统领性、战略性和创新性作用,促进美丽中国建设目标早日实现。 相似文献
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The British Government is proposing a new system of single‐tier development plans for England and Wales, with clear implications for the strategic level of planning. This paper considers a proposal by the Committee of Inquiry into Town and Country Planning set up by the Nuffield Foundation, for a revised strategic planning network which includes a ‘local strategy’. The paper considers the lessons to be drawn from the use of regional reports in Scotland since the early 1970s and concludes on a note of caution for the Government's proposals. 相似文献
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国土空间规划是统筹区域资源空间配置、开发管理和布局优化的总体方案,在引领区域协调发展上具有重要意义。国土空间规划必然导致土地利用类型及布局的改变,从而引起经济、社会、生态环境等方面的供给与需求变化。本研究从三生空间耦合协调的角度,通过生态系统服务和人类福祉需求的供需关系,揭示三生空间的供需连接与耦合关系。本研究借助 InVEST模型和生态服务价值当量法对生态系统服务供给与需求进行定量分析,同时引入耦合协调度模型与相对发展度模型,通过对生态系统服务供需变化进行耦合协调类型分析,探究国土空间用地结构调整所产生的供需间的协调关系,并用耦合协调状况对国土空间规划效益进行评价。研究发现,在规划期内宜宾市翠屏区生态系统服务供需总体耦合协调度呈现减小态势。2020-2035年耦合协调度从 0.60降低到 0.59,相对发展度由 1.05减小至 1.01。生态系统服务总体供给盈余明显,但由于供需分布空间差异,城镇地区为主要的供给赤字区域。影响生态系统服务需求的主要因素为环境净化需求,城市化指标对生态系统服务供需相对发展度具有较为普遍的负面影响。 相似文献
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Frederick Steiner 《Environmental management》1991,15(4):519-529
This article is the first in a series of three. These articles were prepared to document the growth management process undertaken
in Teller County, Colorado, USA. In this article, an 11-step method for landscape planning is proposed. In step 1, an issue,
or set of related issues, is identified as posing a problem and/or opportunity to people and/or the environment. In step 2,
a goal, or several goals, is established to address the problem or opportunity. In steps 3 and 4, inventories and analyses
of biophysical and sociocultural processes are conducted, first at the regional level and then at the local level. Step 5
involves detailed studies (such as suitability analyses) that link the inventory and analysis information to the problems
or opportunities and goals. Detailed studies link regional and local information to specific sites. Thus, this method involves
a regional-local-specific site hierarchy. In step 6, concepts are developed that lead to a landscape plan in step 7. During
step 8, the plan is explained through a systematic educational and citizen involvement effort to the affected public. In step
9, detailed designs are developed that again are explained to the specific individuals who will be impacted by the designs.
It is in step 10 when the plan and designs are implemented. Step 11 involves the administration of the plan. The method is
illustrated through an example of growth management planning for Teller County and the city of Woodland Park, Colorado.
Paper 1 in a series of 3. 相似文献
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J. B. Goddard 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1987,30(1):41-49
This paper attempts five tasks. First, it briefly traces the collapse of regional economic planning since the mid 1970s. Second, it re‐assesses the case for regional economic planning. Third it asks whether a statutory economic development role for local authorities is the way forward. Fourthly, it critically evaluates current practice in economic development in a depressed area using the Newcastle City region as an example. Finally the paper concludes by outlining the nature of the applied research necessary to underpin a more rational approach to regional economic development planning, referring to the example of the Regional Industrial Research Unit established in the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. 相似文献
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The use and development of natural resources is becoming a critical concern, especially considering the economic development and stability of the world money market. The question here is one of resources as a political weapon. As resources become more scarce, it becomes necessary to make greater intensive use of resources that are presently available. One dimension that has been missing is the development of urban areas. Resources in this domain have been abused and the question now is how to incorporate these types of decisions into land-use planning to refurbish urban areas. Planning is the key to use of a resource. The world can no longer afford crisis planning. The key dimension to future success in resource problems is preventive planning. 相似文献
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Richard Atwater William Blomquist 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(5):1195-1205
ABSTRACT: The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California has for more than 70 years shaped the development of an immense urban region. The district's current strategic planning process therefore could have substantial effects on regional water planning and management. The rate restructuring phase of the planning process has produced a multiple component, cost of service based framework. This paper describes that framework as well as some criticisms that have been directed toward it. The rate restructuring was shaped, and for a while stalled, by old disputes among member agencies over rights to water supplied by Metropolitan. That controversy has diverted attention from the resource management implications of the rate structure. This paper presents an alternative future focused approach to regional integrated water resource planning for Southern California based on projections of current trends and anticipation of future events. This discussion raises the question of how regional integrated water resources planning of this sort may proceed, and what role Metropolitan will play in that process. 相似文献
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Helen Briassoulis 《Environmental management》1989,13(4):381-392
In the process of devising courses of action to resolve problems arising at the society-environment interface, a variety of planning approaches are followed, whose adoption is influenced by—among other things—the characteristics of environmental problems, the nature of the decision-making context, and the intellectual traditions of the disciplines contributing to the study of these problems. This article provides a systematic analysis of six alternative environmental planning approaches—comprehensive/rational, incremental, adaptive, contingency, advocacy, and participatory/consensual. The relative influence of the abovementioned factors is examined, the occurrence of these approaches in real-world situations is noted, and their environmental soundness and political realism is evaluated. Because of the disparity between plan formulation and implementation and between theoretical form and empirical reality, a synthetic view of environmental planning approaches is taken and approachesin action are identified, which characterize the totality of the planning process from problem definition to plan implementation, as well as approachesin the becoming, which may be on the horizon of environmental planning of tomorrow. The suggested future research directions include case studies to verify and detail the presence of the approaches discussed, developing measures of success of a given approach in a given decision setting, and an intertemporal analysis of environmental planning approaches. 相似文献
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Environmental problems associated with socio-economic development have been growing concerns faced by many regional and/or national authorities. However, effective planning may encounter difficulties since uncertainties existing in a number of impact factors and pollution-related processes are often not well acknowledged and reflected. This study advances an interval-fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IFCP) method for planning regional economic and environmental systems, where uncertainties presented as intervals, fuzzy sets and probability distributions can be tackled. The developed method is applied to a real-world case for economic and environmental planning in the New Binhai District in the Municipality of Tianjin, China. Two scenarios based on multiple environmental constraints are examined. The results can help identify desired alternatives for planning regional development strategies, where compromised schemes are provided under an integrated consideration of economic efficiency and environmental protection under multiple uncertainties. 相似文献
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Arvid Strand 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2017,19(2):156-167
Globalization and region enlargement has increased the emphasis of local authorities on being competitive for inward investment and taxpayers. This can lead to a subordination of environmental concerns. In order to secure environmental and other national interests, planning and regulation at supra-local level is required, especially if the local authorities have different motivations and goals from the central government. The central government policy guidelines of the Norwegian planning system and the possibility for regional state authorities to make objections are an apparatus to protect national interests in planning. However, there has been a significant change in the central government’s practice when deciding on objections by regional state authorities against municipal plans since the new right-wing Norwegian government came into power. The losers from the changed practice are the environmental interests, widely defined. The new government’s prioritization of local self-determination and planning processes rather than contents resonates with key features of neoliberalism, but also with important elements of communicative planning theory. 相似文献
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Peter Gripaios 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1984,27(1):43-44
The recent central government paper on regional industrial development heralds a reduced role for regional policy, in contrast with the Regional Studies Association inquiry into regional problems in the U.K. A brief exploration of the central government views leads to the paper concluding with a call for an increase in regional planning and for regional planning authorities. 相似文献