共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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氯胺消毒对三卤甲烷类消毒副产物的控制研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在氯消毒研究的基础上,研究氯胺对消毒副产物的控制,将氯与氨氮的比值降至5,能够使单独氯消毒所生成消毒副产物减少89%,二溴一氯甲烷也不再检出;消毒副产物的生成量与氯胺的投加量呈很好的线性关系;接触时间对消毒副产物的生成量影响很小,24 h增加缓慢;pH升高至8消毒副产物的总量比pH为7时减少82.3%,一溴二氯甲烷不再检出;氯胺代替氯消毒能够很好地控制溴代消毒副产物种类和总量. 相似文献
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二氧化氯和氯复合消毒剂对城市污水的消毒效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
试验研究了二氧化氯和氯复合消毒剂用于经城市污水处理厂处理后的城市污水消毒的效能,结果表明,二氧化氯和氯复合消毒剂的使用减低了生成的亚氯酸根离子的浓度,增加了残余的二氧化氯的浓度,粪大肠菌灭活效果良好。 相似文献
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本文在农药降解菌的富集分离及农药微生物降解的途径,特别在微生物产生的农药降解酶和农药微生物降解基因操作方面对农药微生物降解的研究现状作了简要综述,提出了农药微生物降解的研究趋势。联系地址:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州五山,510640津、环草隆、三氯醋酸、氯苯胺灵等。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus):DDT、r-BHC、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯、苯硫磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、杀螟松、毒杀芬、茅草枯、三氯醋酸、利谷隆、灭草隆、毒旁定。节细菌属(Arthrobacter):DDT、艾氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯、草多索、马拉硫磷、二嗪农、2,4-D、2甲4氯、茅草枯、三氯醋酸、毒莠定、西玛津、味哺丹[8]。棒状杆菌属(Corynboacterium):DDT、2,4-D、2甲4氯、茅草枯、二硝甲酚、百草枯、草枯醚。无色杆菌属(Achromobacter):DDT、西维因、2,4-D、2甲4氯、2,4,5-T、氯苯胺灵。土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium):DDT、氯苯胺灵、茅草枯、三氯醋酸、毒莠定。黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium):对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、二嗪农、毒死蜱、2,4-D、2甲4氯、 相似文献
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金属铁还原脱氯处理有机氯化物的研究进展 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
本文对金属铁在还原降解六氯乙烷,四氯化碳,氯仿,三氯乙烯,四氯乙烯,二氯乙烯,氯乙烯,五氯酚,多氯联苯等有机氯化物中的应用作了评述,讨论了金属铁降解有机氯化物的反应机理以动力学. 相似文献
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有机磷农药的大量生产和使用对饮用水安全造成了潜在的巨大威胁。为了在饮用水源突发有机磷农药污染时保证饮用水安全,在水源水中进行了高锰酸钾氧化、粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附、臭氧氧化、O3/PAC和O3/H2O2 5种预处理技术对4种有机磷农药(乐果、敌敌畏、马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷)的去除效果对比研究。实验结果表明,当水中乐果、敌敌畏浓度为266肛g/L、3.6μg/L时,0.5mg/L的高锰酸钾不能将其去除达标(国家生活饮用水卫生标准,GB5749—2006);PAC对乐果和敌敌畏的吸附效果良好,20mg/L的PAC能将低浓度的乐果(241μg/L)和中低浓度的敌敌畏(3.0~9.3μg/L)去除达标;臭氧对4种农药均有较好的去除效果,当CT(浓度×时间)值为17mg·min/L时,除高浓度的乐果(729μg/L)和甲基对硫磷(276μg/L)外,其余农药均可以去除达标;采用O3/PAC和O3/H2O2高级氧化预处理,高浓度的乐果(629~710μg/L)和甲基对硫磷(364~428μg/L)均可迅速去除达标。 相似文献
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M. Mojašević C.S. Helling T. J. Gish M. A. Doherty 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):469-476
Abstract Pesticides are often applied in combination, but less‐often is soil persistence measured this way. The present field and laboratory study determined relative persistence of five herbicides and two insecticides, co‐applied, as a function of three soil water contents. Losses were modeled adequately by first‐order dissipation, with no significant improvement by using a two‐compartment model. The order of persistence in a silt loam, at 25% moisture, was carbofuran < cyanazine < metribuzin = alachlor < atrazine < ethoprop < metolachlor (t½ ranged from 7–91 days). Carbofuran degradation increased greatly from 12–25% soil moisture; atrazine was unaffected by 12–35%, whereas the remaining compounds showed limited increasing loss in wetter soil. Field‐based persistence was more variable, but generally similar to lab rankings. 相似文献
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给水厂残泥(WTR)是给水厂混凝过程产生的安全废弃物,是一种高效低廉的毒死蜱吸附材料。为评估将WTR作为吸附材料添加于土壤中缓解毒死蜱危害的可行性,探究了添加WTR对稻田土壤中毒死蜱环境赋存、厌氧降解及其代谢产物TCP形成的影响。实验结果表明:毒死蜱首要厌氧降解途径是快速水解为TCP,添加WTR显著降低了土壤中毒死蜱与TCP的生物有效性(P<0.05)。72 d厌氧培养时间内,未添加WTR土壤中高达79%的毒死蜱主要以生物可利用态存在;在WTR添加土壤中,72%~95%的毒死蜱以稳定的残渣态存在,但毒死蜱在土壤中的降解速度因此减慢,TCP生成量随之减少。在未添加WTR土壤中,92%以上的TCP以水溶态为主,添加WTR可有效减少其水溶态所占比例,WTR添加量为10%时,其水溶态含量降至47%。随着WTR添加量增加,毒死蜱与TCP由土壤向上覆水迁移的量显著减少(P<0.05)。未添加WTR的土壤水溶液体系上覆水中毒死蜱和TCP浓度分别高达537 μg·L-1和1 750 μg·L-1,添加2%WTR可使其最高浓度分别降低50%。在厌氧滞水的稻田土壤中,WTR主要金属元素(Fe、Al和Mn)稳定性强,二次污染风险较低。综合以上研究结果,WTR适于作为土壤添加物应用于毒死蜱与TCP污染控制。 相似文献
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The simultaneous action of powdered activated carbon and several coagulant agents on the removal of the fungicide dodine from spiked distilled water, was studied. As coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl3) and basic polyaluminium chlorosulfate ([Al(OH)xCly(SO4)z]n) were examined, using polyacrylamide, in certain cases, as coagulant aid (polyelectrolyte). The efficiency of dodine removal was investigated with respect to the added amount of powdered activated carbon (PAC), the pH value, as well as the type and dose of coagulant and polyelectrolyte. The experiments were performed applying the standard jar-test procedure. The initial concentration of dodine was 250 μg/L. At this concentration and pH range 5–8 it was found that a dose of 100 mg/L PAC was necessary to achieve more than 98% removal of dodine, whereas lower removal (91–93%) was obtained applying half the dose of PAC under the same conditions. However, when 10–100 mg/L FeCl3 were simultaneously added with PAC, the removal efficiency increased to >98%, even with the half PAC dose. 相似文献
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D. Peterson D. Watson W. Winterlin 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):587-603
Abstract A high‐intensity short‐wavelength UV light system was studied for its ability to degrade the pesticides carbofuran, fenamiphos sulfoxide (nemacur sulfoxide), and propazine in aqueous solutions. Half‐lives, rate constants, and breakdown products were determined for all chemicals. The presence of hydrogen peroxide, an oxidant and potential source of hydroxyl radicals, had no effect on the rate of breakdown of any of the chemicals investigated. Short‐wavelength UV light appears to be solely responsible for the observed pesticide breakdown. The breakdown of all three pesticides followed first order kinetics. Carbofuran, nemacur sulfoxide, and propazine had half lives of 3.9, 1.1, and 3.9 minutes, respectively. Breakdown product analysis was performed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 相似文献
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应用多壁碳纳米管自制固相萃取柱富集、净化,以乙腈-水为流动相,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,高效液相色谱进行分析检测,建立了环境水样中7种三唑类农药残留分析的方法。结果表明,在0.05~10.00mg/L线性范围内,方法检出限为0.000 9~0.047 7mg/L;农药的加标水平在0.25~1.00mg/L时,加标回收率为72.28%~106.60%,相对标准偏差为1.12%~9.73%。该方法操作简单,定性、定量准确,是对水样中三唑类农药残留液相色谱分析较理想的一种方法。 相似文献
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利用基因工程菌BL21处理有机磷混合农药废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了悬浮状态和固定化状态的基因工程菌BL21对有机磷混合农药废水的降解特性.工程菌能快速、高效地降解有机磷混合农药,其最适底物是对硫磷,而马拉硫磷不能被工程菌降解.不同农药降解速率的差别造成了不同有机磷农药的降解过程需要用不同的动力学模型来描述.比较固定化状态和悬浮状态的工程菌的降解效果可知,固定化工程菌的降解活性较后者明显降低,其比降解速率大约仅为后者的20%.考察固定化工程菌长期运行的效果,发现其降解活性保存良好,工程菌稳定性大大提高,未出现固定化细胞溶涨、破碎现象.固定化后,工程菌的比降解速率虽然比悬浮工程菌降低了,但固定化工程菌更适用于长期运行的废水处理系统. 相似文献