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虚拟现实技术在安全工程中的应用 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21
论述了虚拟现实技术(Virtual Reality)的基本原理、应用范围.结合大空间公用建筑火灾虚拟现实系统,提出了安全工程中应用虚拟现实技术的基本结构及程序设计关键技术,给出了大空间公用建筑火灾虚拟现实系统编制实例. 相似文献
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Introduction: The construction industry is regarded as one of the most unsafe occupational fields worldwide. Despite general agreement that safety training is an important factor in preventing accidents in the construction sector, more studies are needed to identify effective training methods. To address the current research gap, this study evaluated the impact of novel, participatory safety training methods on construction workers’ safety competencies. Specifically, we assessed the efficacy of an immersive virtual reality (VR)-based safety training program and a participatory human factors safety training program (HFST) in construction industry workplaces. Method: In 2019, 119 construction sector workers from eight workplaces participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Finland. All the study participants were assessed using questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the intervention and at one-month follow-up. We applied generalized linear mixed modeling for statistical analysis. Results: Compared to lecture-based safety training, VR-based safety training showed a stronger impact on safety motivation, self-efficacy and safety-related outcome expectancies. In addition, the construction sector workers who participated in the VR-based safety training showed a greater increase in self-reported safety performance at one-month follow-up. Contrary to our study hypotheses, we found no significant differences between the study outcomes in terms of study participants in the HFST training condition and the comparison condition without HFST training. Conclusion: Our study indicates that VR technology as a safety training tool has potential to increase safety competencies and foster motivational change in terms of the safety performance of construction sector workers. In the future, the efficacy of participatory human factors safety training should be studied further using a version that targets both managerial and employee levels and is implemented in a longer format. Practical implications: Safety training in virtual reality provides a promising alternative to passive learning methods. Its motivating effect complements other safety training activities. 相似文献
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阐述了虚拟现实技术在民航安全方面的应用前景和重要意义,并应用于飞行事故分析.通过建立事故模型,笔者对飞行中相对应的人-机关系进行描述.这些关系对事故原因分析是十分重要的.在这个框架下实现了三维模型动画显示,并利用计算机多媒体技术,实现真实感图形动态显示和音效合成,虚拟环境和立体显示,展现亲历事故的真实效果. 相似文献
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基于虚拟样机技术的游乐设施安全分析方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
游乐设施安全问题日益受到人们的关注.笔者介绍了虚拟样机技术的产生及其发展情况,并对两种主要虚拟样机应用软件(ADAMS软件和SIMPACK软件)进行了比较.根据目前国内游乐设施安全问题的实际情况,提出了应用虚拟样机技术解决该问题的重点和难点.在充分分析的基础上,结合ADAMS软件论证了应用虚拟样机技术解决游乐设施安全问题的可能性,提出了初步的解决方法.为进一步将此方法应用于实际奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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运用事物的安全流变规律分析系统的运行过程,指出系统的运行过程符合安全流变规律.通过对交通系统中的不安全因素扰动的分析,揭示了交通系统的安全流变特征;对传统的事故定义进行了拓展,将事故隐患纳入了事故的发展过程;提出了交通系统事故安全流变分析方法;最后通过一个具体的案例分析了系统事故的安全流变过程. 相似文献
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基于交通量的平面信号控制交叉口交通冲突模拟研究 总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3
针对我国交通冲突技术发展尚处于起步阶段,交通冲突数据统计尚不充分的现状,笔者研究了交通量和交通事故、交通冲突的密切关系,尝试建立以交通量为基础的交通冲突数学模型,力求更加准确地对平面交叉口进行安全评价,克服传统的基于事故统计的安全评价方法的不足. 相似文献
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交通事故的时间分布规律 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
交通事故已成为威胁人民生命、财产安全的社会公害之一.笔者利用国内外有关交通事故数据进行统计分析,对交通事故发生的时间特征进行研究,为改善交通安全状况提供理论基础.运用统计分析、对比分析方法,分析国外不同国家和我国交通事故年时间分布规律的波峰曲线,得出我国交通事故逐年上升的势头有望得到遏制,使人们对战胜交通事故灾害充满信心.分析交通事故小时时间分布曲线,得出交通事故高峰小时出现在交通量高峰小时之后,两者不重合,死亡高峰时段(危险时段)多发生在夜晚等结论.该结论对采取针对不同时间内降低交通事故的教育、管理、工程等安全对策具有实用价值. 相似文献
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徐毅刚 《中国安全科学学报》1993,3(4):1-7
运用行为科学的原理,分析汽车驾驶员违章行为的原因,提出驾驶员违章行为的控制方法:社会控制、组织控制和工程控制,论述纠正驾驶员违章行为的有效途径是强化驾驶员的安全意识。 相似文献
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通过英特网进行基于虚拟现实的矿山安全模拟培训 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
良好的人员素质和有效的救护策略是矿山灾害处理过程中最关键的要素.在矿山生产过程中完全避免伤害是很难做到的,甚至在救护过程中,突发事件也时有发生.应用目前计算机技术及信息网络技术相结合的系统综合手段,通过英特网采用基于虚拟现实的方法,对矿山人员进行模拟培训具有逼真、有效、经济、快速的特点和重要的实用价值.这种培训方式是减少矿山事故率和死亡率的很好手段,并且能使各大矿井之间互相学习,扬长避短. 相似文献
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虚拟现实及其在粉尘扩散研究中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
探讨了国际上流行的虚拟现实技术,并针对大气中粉尘扩散的规律,以相关数学模型为基础,采用OpenGL开发了可精确地调整流场参数和观察视角的粉尘扩散三维动态场景,以及在重力、风速等影响因素和射流作用下粉尘扩散的三维场景 .该方法为更好地掌握粉尘扩散规律,寻求合理预防措施提供了科学依据.此项技术在安全科学的其它领域也有很好的应用前景. 相似文献
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笔者将虚拟仪器技术应用到矿用绞车、起重机、电梯等特种设备的安全检测、运行状态监测及设备故障诊断,通过LabVIEW图形化编程语言编制的软件系统,实现信号运算、分析、处理,从而实现各种测试.该技术的研究与开发是电子技术、计算机技术、检测技术、机械工程技术的有机结合,是现代设备安全检测技术的一次创新.根据河南省经贸委组织的技术鉴定结论认为,该项目成果填补了国内特种设备安全检测方面的空白,具有国内领先水平,对保障人员的人身安全,提高设备运行的可靠性有着重要的社会意义和经济价值. 相似文献
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粒子系统算法在建筑火灾可视化研究中的应用 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
论述了采用粒子系统建立火灾虚拟现实系统火灾现象的可视化表现原理、算法及特殊处理方法,为进一步研究火灾虚拟现实系统,提供基础理论和技术支持,也是培训消防人员技能和公众火灾自救互救、应急逃生能力的科学方法. 相似文献
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高速公路交通事故分析及预防对策研究 总被引:12,自引:8,他引:12
利用济青高速公路1998~1999年发生的1?085起交通事故数据,在资料收集、处理和统计分析的基础上,对影响高速公路交通事故的人、车辆、道路环境、天气和交通量等主要因素进行了分析,并与国外的统计结果进行对比研究,预测出随着高速公路交通量的增长,事故率将会增加.此外,笔者针对影响高速公路事故因素提出了主动性、被动性预防对策,这些对策的实施将会减少高速公路事故的发生. 相似文献
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虚拟现实技术与火灾时人员应急疏散行为研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
分析人员疏散行为的目标规则、约束规则和运动规则,以及三者之间的相互关系;研究了人员疏散的行为规律;提出了建立建筑物火灾事故的虚拟现实环境;建立并完善人员应急疏散行为数据库;进行了人员应急疏散行为的模拟和建筑物安全疏散性状的概率危险性评价.其研究成果可用以直观、具体地指导建筑物安全疏散设计和火灾安全管理,并且可作为应急决策和消防演习的一种非常有价值的参考工具. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the implementation of a second phase training program for novice drivers in Spain, which puts the primary focus of the training on the higher hierarchical levels of driver behavior. METHOD: Two hundred and sixty-three participants took part throughout the study, which was implemented as an experimental design with the test and control groups assessed before and after the one day safety training. Measurement of the impact of the training program focused on the participants' self-evaluation and self-reporting of some driving behavior indicators related to accident risk. RESULTS: Data analysis showed a change in the expected direction in the scale related to the skills for careful driving, but not for the other four scales considered. A feedback survey about the training course offered some important input for evaluating the organization, contents, tuition, and results of the three parts of the training program (discussion group, on-road and track training) as reported by the participants in the test group. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS: The results of the experiment show that using a one day driver safety course, it is possible to change some of the drivers' evaluations connected to safe driving style into safe direction. The follow-up period was exceptionally long (9 months) and the design (randomly divided experimental and control groups with before and after measurements) was reliable. More effort should be devoted to improving the on-road part of the training, which was often perceived as a typical driving lesson rather than a feedback drive. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The findings suggest consideration of a mandatory 2nd phase driver training programme as a means to raise awareness of the full range of risks encountered by novice drivers, and as already introduced in 5 EU countries: Austria, Estonia, Finland, Luxembourg and Switzerland. 相似文献
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PROBLEM: To assess effects of the 1999 Maryland graduated driver licensing (GDL) law on both 16-year-old drivers and other road users. METHOD: Calculation and comparison of crash involvement rates and non-fatal injury rates pre-GDL (1996-1998) and post-GDL (2001-2003) by type of road user, per population, and per licensed driver, with adjustment for trends among 30-59-year-old drivers. RESULTS: Post-GDL, prevalence of licensure decreased 24% among 16-year-olds, and rates of 16-year-old drivers involved in crashes significantly decreased per 16-year-old population (corrected rate ratio (RRc) 0.82; 95% CI (0.71, 0.96)). A significant decrease also was observed for non-fatal injuries per 16-year-old population among 16-year-old drivers involved in crashes (RRc 0.63; 95% CI (0.41, 0.98)). Similarly, decreases, albeit not statistically significant, were observed among their passengers and other vehicle occupants. Per 16-year-old licensed driver, a slight non-significant increase was observed in crash involvement rates; non-fatal injury rates per 16-year-old licensed driver suggest decreased risk (non-significant) among 16-year-old drivers, their passengers, and other vehicle occupants. SUMMARY: Maryland's GDL delayed licensure and reduced crashes and non-fatal injuries among 16-year-old drivers per population. Trends in injuries among other road users involved in crashes with 16-year-old drivers were suggestive of a benefit from GDL, although observed decreases were not significant. Per licensed driver, findings were not significant, but suggested little change in crash involvement and decreased non-fatal injuries. Because one-third fewer 16-year-olds were licensed post-GDL, these results may suggest a selection effect in licensure. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Because Maryland had nighttime restrictions for new drivers before 1999, this study suggests other components of GDL are beneficial for drivers and possibly for other road users. States with weak GDL laws should strongly consider revising them. 相似文献
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基于安全系统工程的铁路站段安全管理信息系统研究 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
随着安全逐级负责制等各项安全管理机制的建立和运行以及ISO9000系列标准在铁路站段的推广和普及,要求铁路站段急需改变传统的、经验的管理模式,建立基于安全系统工程的、综合运用现代技术手段的安全科学管理体系.笔者在综合考虑人、机、环境三要素的基础上,结合安全系统工程方法,对铁路站段安全管理信息系统的基本功能、系统设计等进行了深入分析,实现了安全信息的自动处理、对事故或隐患的安全分析、安全预测和安全评价功能,为安全管理科学化提供有力的技术支持.以大同西电力机务段为例,对安全管理信息系统进行了实用和考核,取得了预期效果. 相似文献