Comparing safety climate factors as predictors of work-related driving behavior

INTRODUCTION: Research suggests safety climate (SC) is a strong predictor of safety-related outcomes in organizations. This study explores the relationship between six SC dimensions and four aspects of work-related driving. METHOD: The SC factors measured were "communication and procedures," "work pressures," "relationships," "safety rules," "driver training," and "management commitment." The aspects of self-reported occupational driving measured were traffic violations, driver error, driving while distracted, and pre-trip vehicle maintenance. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the SC factors accounted for significant amounts of variance in all four aspects of work-related driving, over and above the control factors of age, sex, and work-related driving exposure. However, further investigation indicated certain SC factors (particularly safety rules, communication, and management commitment) were more strongly related to specific aspects of work-related driving behavior than others. Together, the SC factors were better able to predict self-reported distraction from the road than the other aspects of driving behavior measured. Implications for occupational safety, particularly for the management of work-related drivers are discussed.     

The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior

Relatively little previous research has investigated the meechanisms by which safety climate affects safety behavior. The current study examined the effects of general organizational climate on safety climate and safety performance. As expected, general organizational climate exerted a significant impact on safety climate, and safety climate in turn was related to self-reports of compliance with safety regulations and procedures as well as participation in safety-related activities within the workplace. The effect of general organizational climate on safety performance was mediated by safety climate, while the effect of safety climate on safety performance was partially mediated by safety knowledge and motivation.     

Creating safer workplaces: assessing the determinants and role of safety climate

PROBLEM: Although there has been considerable interest in safety climate, relatively little attention has been given to the factors that determine safety climate or to testing the hypothesized mediating role of safety climate with respect to safety-related outcomes. METHOD: Questionnaire responses were obtained from 2,208 employees of a large national retail chain in 21 different locations. RESULTS: After controlling for demographic variables, three factors: environmental conditions, safety-related policies and programs, and general organizational climate, accounted for 55% of the variance in perceived safety climate. Interestingly, organizational climate made a significant contribution to safety climate, even after controlling for the other more safety-relevant variables. Partial correlations showed that safety policies and programs had the largest observed correlation with safety climate, followed by two of the dimensions of organizational climate (communication and organizational support). Using Baron and Kenny's (J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51 (1986) 1173) procedures, the principal effects of the various work situation factors on perceived safety at work were found to be direct rather than mediated by safety climate. Safety climate influenced perceived safety at work, but its role as a mediator was limited. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: These results are discussed in terms of other recent findings on safety climate and the growing interest in understanding management and organizational factors in the context of workplace safety.     

Measurement techniques for organizational safety causal models: Characterization and suggestions for enhancements

Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines with actual and potential application to causal modeling of organizational safety risk, this paper explores issues regarding measurement techniques in a quantitative safety analysis context. The interdependencies of modeling perspectives, constructs, and measures are indentified, leading to (a) characterization and classification of measurement techniques, (b) suggestions on the selection of appropriate measurement methods for different types of model constructs including individual-level, global, configural, and shared, and (c) discussion of the modeling implications of interactions between measurement, constructs, and causal paths. A multi-dimensional perspective is offered through combinations of different “measurement methods” and “measurement bases”. A Bayesian approach is also proposed to operationalize the multi-dimensional measurements. Examples are provided to help explain the roles of these measurements in capturing the relation between organizational factors and safety performance. This paper is a product of research which has the primary purpose of extending Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) modeling frameworks to include the effects of organizational factors as the fundamental causes of accidents and incidents.     

倡导安全文化提高全民安全素质

论述倡导和弘扬安全又化，提高全民安全又化素质是一项战略性大举措；探讨倡导安全文化的意义及其发展方向；指出安全文化知识应全民必修；研讨安全文化的传播和继承；认为安全文化是高雅易懂的大众文化；提出安全文化建设的思考与建议。全文贯通了劳动部李伯勇部长倡导安全文化的主导思想以及对安全文化建设的关心、指导。     

对安全意识的探讨

阐明了安全意识的涵义、特征及属性；论述了安全意识的产生、发展及作用；研究了职工在劳动生产中应具有的安全意识和提高其安全意识的基本途径；指出了提高全民安全意识是安全文化建设的最高宗旨。     

Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship

Problem: Safety climate refers to the degree to which employees believe true priority is given to organizational safety performance, and its measurement is thought to provide an “early warning” of potential safety system failure(s). However, researchers have struggled over the last 25 years to find empirical evidence to demonstrate actual links between safety climate and safety performance.Method: A safety climate measure was distributed to manufacturing employees at the beginning of a behavioral safety initiative and redistributed one year later.Results: Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that perceptions of the importance of safety training were predictive of actual levels of safety behavior. The results also demonstrate that the magnitude of change in perceptual safety climate scores will not necessarily match actual changes (r=0.56, n.s.) in employee's safety behavior.Discussion: This study obtained empirical links between safety climate scores and actual safety behavior. Confirming and contradicting findings within the extant safety climate literature, the results strongly suggest that the hypothesized climate-behavior-accident path is not as clear cut as commonly assumed.Summary: A statistical link between safety climate perceptions and safety behavior will be obtained when sufficient behavioral data is collected.Impact on Industry: The study further supports the use of safety climate measures as useful diagnostic tools in ascertaining employee's perceptions of the way that safety is being operationalized.     

根据现代企业理论探讨煤炭企业安全管理问题

煤炭行业属于高危险性行业,降低其事故发生率,提高安全生产水平是煤炭工作者孜孜以求的目标.笔者应用委托--代理理论对煤炭安全管理问题进行探讨,分析了安全投入与安全水平、安全投入与安全报酬、事故赔偿与安全水平等之间的关系,提出了煤炭企业改善安全现状的管理对策及建议,并认为事故赔偿金过低,不足以对企业形成足够的压力,不利于企业主动提高安全水平,应加大惩罚力度,提高惩罚成本和惩处率.     

关于安全意识的哲学研究

笔者从哲学角度,对安全意识的概念进行了剖析,探讨了安全意识的构成与运作机制,其中包括安全意识的结构以及安全意识的动力机制.在此基础上,提出了新世纪的安全观念,即拓展安全领域、以人为本,保障安全;以素质教育为本,加强安全文化宣传;以科技为本,创塑安全新貌,弘扬安全文化.     

促进企业安全文化系统化发展的思路

为了实现企业安全文化由低级向高级不断发展的目的,笔者提出:应该在我国大力开展\"企业安全文化促进计划(ESCPP)\"的研究和推广应用.ESCPP是一种有效促进企业安全文化持续发展而建立的系统化方法和工作体系.完整的ESCPP至少应该包括:①建立科学合理的企业安全文化的评价指标体系;②利用评价指标体系对企业的安全文化现状进行评估;③确定企业安全文化发展的目标;④制定企业安全文化改进方案;⑤进行员工培训;⑥实施已制定好的企业安全文化改进方案;⑦评估改进方案实施效果,持续改进.笔者对ESCPP的这7个方面进行了论述.     

试论安全文化建设与安全教育的关系

介绍了安全文化的产生过程及内涵。阐述了在企业营建安全文化的重要意义,论述了安全教育对企业创建健康的安全文化环境的作用     

企业安全文化与安全教育初探

论述了企业安全文化的作用,以及企业安全文化与安全教育的关系,提出安全教育是安全文化建设最根本、最有效途径。     

What does ‘safe’ look and feel like?

In this paper, the authors answer the question and help readers to form a view of ‘what does safe look and feel like’? Five important aspects of safety are addressed logically: Safety Culture, Safety Awareness, Safety Function, Processes, and Training. In each part, rather than just address what elements are involved and the importance of every element, this paper also provides general ideas and examples to help improve the level of safety. While safety culture is to a large extent influenced by the leadership; a best-in-class safety culture can be self-perpetuating particularly if the initial journey to best-in-class safety culture embeds the concepts of safety awareness, safety functions, processes and training in the organization. The paper provides an overview of safety related actions, tools, and processes that High Reliability Organizations follow, and should serve as a benchmark for other organizations of all sizes in search of safety improvement.     

浅析企业安全文化构建

企业安全文化是企业文化的组成部分,是创建和谐社会的基础.介绍了企业安全文化的概念、功能和特点;提出构建企业安全文化的前提、背景和特色要求;就领导层决策、管理层强化、全员参与、目标管理等方面论述了构建企业安全文化的途径;分析了构建企业安全文化应注意的原则.     

安全文化的激励机制在企业中的应用

通过行为模型,分析了企业中安全管理者与职工心态对立的原因,认为目前管理者奖罚手段运用失衡是产生这种局面的重要原因。从安全文化的角度提出了相应对策。     

企业安全文化与HSE管理体系

从建立健康、安全与环境(HSE)管理体系的基本思路、现状和发展趋势,以及中国石油化工集团公司HSE系列标准的内容、指导原则和建立HSE管理体系的理念等方面,阐述了HSE管理的建立、推行和发展的过程,HSE管理体系的建立和发展是石油石化企业在安全文化建设方面的重要成果.无论是安全管理的理念,或是生产经营活动都在不断创新和发展,都是培育和塑造中石化集团公司安全文化的具体体现.     

对构建以本质安全为主体的煤矿安全文化体系的探讨——兼论徐州矿务集团创建本质安全型企业的实践

简要介绍了安全文化的起源、基本概念,对煤矿安全文化、本质安全给予了定义.较系统地论述了本质安全的哲学思想.从煤矿行业特征、实践\"三个代表\"、全面建设小康社会、应对WTO的挑战、现有条件等方面重点阐明了煤矿安全文化体系应以本质安全为主体内容.并以徐州矿务集团有限公司开展\"创建本质安全型企业\"活动的具体实践,说明了应如何在煤矿企业推行以本质安全为主体的煤矿安全文化.     

安全文化对安全行为的影响模式

从分析文化对人的行为的影响方式出发,阐述了安全文化对人的安全行为的影响模式,提出了运用安全文化塑造人的安全行为的途径,同时为推动安全文化建设,以预防人的不安全行为的观点提供了理论依据,笔者所提出的建设安全文化的途径,对减少意外伤亡事故的发生具有现实指导意义和积极预防作用.