环境影响评价过程中回转窑水泥生产线非正常排放粉尘源强的确定

阐述环境影响评价中一般回转窑水泥生产线的非正常排放粉尘源强,并通过各种方式及有关监测资料加以论证,提出如何计算非正常排放粉尘源强。     

浅谈水泥厂粉尘污染的防治措施

水泥生产过程中的粉尘污染对周边地区环境空气质量造成严重危害，介绍了水泥厂粉尘污染控制参数的确立，提出了在防治粉尘污染的同时要综合考虑节能措施，提高生产工艺水平，形成一个综合性的监测运营系统。     

烟尘测试中公式简化的探讨

在工业粉尘烟尘污染源监测中,常用普通型采样管采样即预测流量法采样.在测试现场必须尽快地得出数据,而整个计算过程繁琐,给测试人员带来困难.因此,有必要对计算公式进行简化探讨.     

瞬时粉尘浓度测量计

瞬时粉尘浓度测量计王联（江苏仪征化纤股份有限公司生产部环保科２１１４５１）悬浮于空气中的粉尘颗粒，是大气环境质量的一项重要指标，由于设备的限制，目前只能测其平均浓度，不能及时测出粉尘浓度的峰值。Ｇｒｅｅｎｗｉｃｈ大学的ｗｏｌｆｓｏｎ中心经过多年的研究...     

冲击器的理论及其在测尘中的应用与发展

在各种基于尘粒粒子惯性特性的分散度测量方法当中,冲击式尘粒分级仪具有结构简单,体积紧凑,便于现场使用等特点,此外,利用冲击式尘粒分级仪进行采样,可直接获得粉尘的重量分散度,而无需象其它方法依赖于对粉尘粒子其它特性,诸如形状、密度等等的掌握,直接获取的粉尘粒度的分级组成又可为后续的实验室工作提供便利。因此,自七十年代以来冲击器的理论及实验研究得到了迅速的发展,基于冲击器理论基础上的冲击式尘粒分级仪也已广泛地使用在各种温度及流量情况下粉尘重量分散度的采样测定。     

抑尘降噪型建材切割机的设计研究

文章通过对传统手持式建筑切割机进行切割实验及查阅相关文献,分析了切割粉尘的危害性及噪音污染的严重性。通过分析空气倍增器的原理,确定了利用空气倍增原理进行粉尘吸收的方案。同时分析了切割噪音的特性,确定了无源降噪方式的可行性。设计了采用旋风除尘装置进行粉尘处理及利用多孔吸声材料降噪的新型手持式切割机,并分析了其应用前景。     

硼作业工人的空气粉尘暴露与硼暴露测量与评价

报告了硼作业工人与对照人群的个人空气粉尘暴露浓度、空气硼暴露浓度以及通过空气的日硼暴露量.结果表明,硼作业工人的两次(间隔4周)空气粉尘暴露浓度分别为19.2mg/m3和21.0mg/m3,空气硼暴露浓度分别为516μg/m3和797μg/m3,8小时空气硼暴露量为2.58mg和3.98mg;而对照组的这三类值分别为0.53mg/m3、1.87μg/m3和0.009mg.各类人群的日空气硼暴露量随工作环境的不同而有很大差异,井下采矿、原料车间、成品车间、生产管理人员的日空气硼暴露量分别为1.58mg、5.55mg、0.98mg、0.14mg,高出对照组几十倍至几百倍.     

浅谈我厂水泥磨收尘系统的技术改造

论述了水泥厂对水泥磨产生的粉尘进行的治理工作，对收尘系统技术改造前后的粉尘浓度进行了测试比较，并对由此产生的经济效益进行了简单的分析。     

粉尘监测工作中有关质控问题的探讨

为加强防尘措施的科学管理,保护职工的身心健康,提高劳动生产力,常对作业场所空气中的粉尘浓度进行常规监测,并据以评价其危害程度。为提高监测工作质量,增强监测数据的可靠性、准确性和科学性,必须加强监测工作中的质量控制。为此,笔者就现有设备条件,摸索了作业场所空气中粉尘监测工作的质控问题,现就实验观察结果报告如下。 材料和方法 器材:采样用鞍劳D4型粉尘监测器,气体流量一般控制在30升/分,抽气     

石墨炉原子吸收直接测定大气颗粒物中的铅和锰

以少量HNO_3-HF-HClO_4消解粉尘滤膜,石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅和锰,进行了最佳条件选择,采用本法测定粉尘中的铅和锰,其回收率分别为87％～98％和94％～105％,用标准加入法检验结果吻合,方法变异系数分别为铅4.1％,锰3.7％。     

屏蔽门对地铁站台颗粒物分布的影响研究

通过2018年1月的污染天和非污染天在上海人民广场地铁站对装有屏蔽门系统的1号线站台和装有安全门系统的2号线站台上的颗粒物数量浓度进行监测并作对比研究,结果表明:污染天和非污染天,安装屏蔽门系统的站台颗粒物数量浓度相对于安全门系统分别降低2.08%~35.44%和5.69%~51.31%。屏蔽门站台的颗粒物浓度表现为后站台>前站台>中站台;安全门系统颗粒物浓度无规律。屏蔽门系统站台的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量要低于安全门系统,站台两端的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量高于站台中间。     

Rethinking vulnerability in city-systems: A methodological proposal to assess “urban entropy”

This paper aims at proposing a possible alternative point of view to investigate the vulnerability of urban systems. The basic ideal refers to the possibility of thinking about vulnerability as deriving by the interactions of several risks that can affect the urban system and by the interactions among them. In this sense, it is possible to refer to an “integrated territorial risk”. Considering the city as a complex and dynamic system that while evolving produce entropy is the main theoretical reference supporting this study. The loss of energy during the evolution of the system corresponds to some conditions of inefficiency that involve the whole system and, as such, this lost energy can be assumed as a “systemic entropy”. Is it possible to measure the levels of this vulnerability of the urban system when it stays in ordinary conditions, namely not during stress states that modify the state of equilibrium of the system itself? It is possible to assess the production of this “internal entropy”? In order to answer to these questions in mind, this study aims at analyzing dyscrasias that can occur within the main components of the urban system in order to individuate possible strategies able both to mitigate the fragility of the urban system and to improve its resilience.     

An Improved Rating System for Assessing Surface Water Contamination Potential from MSW Landfills

Leachate emission from uncontrolled municipal solid waste landfills (referred to as waste sites in the present study) is a major threat to the environment and living beings in its vicinity. Surface water contamination potential resulting from leachate may be used as one of the criteria for prioritization of sites for remediation purposes. The existing hazard rating systems that prioritize waste sites considering surface water contamination potential as one of the criteria are mainly suited for the developed countries where these were developed initially. In developing countries like India, the set of conditions differ from those in developed countries, and therefore the existing systems may not be suitable for developing countries. Thus in the present study, an improved system is proposed to assess surface water contamination potential from MSW sites. The system is based on the concept of Source, Pathway and Receptor. The proposed system employs parameters derived from the review of existing rating systems and selects their best and worst values based on literature review, design standards and field conditions. The importance weights of the system parameters have been decided based on expert judgment using Delphi technique. Sensitivity analysis of the system shows that the improved system is more sensitive than the existing systems for the site conditions encountered in developing countries. Monte Carlo analysis of the proposed system confirms the spread of the scores obtained from the system over the full scale of 0–1000. The improved system is compared with existing systems by applying it to waste sites from metropolitan cities of India and performing clustering analysis on the rating scores. The clustering analysis shows that the rating scores from the improved system are less clustered as compared to the scores from the existing systems. This demonstrates that the improved system makes a better tool to distinctly prioritize the waste sites for remediation purpose.     

建立适应环保新形势下的多元化环境监测体系

指出我国目前环境监测体系中不能满足环境管理需求的各类问题,对建立新形势下多元化环境监测体系进行了可行性分析,同时介绍了美、日等国多元化环境监测体系运营的经验,提出了职责界定、制度建立、强化监管、市场培育等推进多元化环境监测体系建设的对策。     

A mobile monitoring system to understand the processes controlling episodic events in Corpus Christi Bay

Corpus Christi Bay (TX, USA) is a shallow wind-driven bay and thereby, can be characterized as a highly pulsed system. It cycles through various episodic events such as hypoxia, water column stratification, sediment resuspension, flooding, etc. Understanding of the processes that control these events requires an efficient observation system that can measure various hydrodynamic and water quality parameters at the multitude of spatial and temporal scales of interest. As part of our effort to implement an efficient observation system for Corpus Christi Bay, a mobile monitoring system was developed that can acquire and visualize data measured by various submersible sensors on an undulating tow-body deployed behind a research vessel. Along with this system, we have installed a downward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler to measure the vertical profile of water currents. Real-time display of each measured parameter intensity (measured value relative to a pre-set peak value) guides in selecting the transect route to capture the event of interest. In addition, large synchronized datasets measured by this system provide an opportunity to understand the processes that control various episodic events in the bay. To illustrate the capability of this system, datasets from two research cruises are presented in this paper that help to clarify processes inducing an inverse estuary condition at the mouth of the ship channel and hypoxia at the bottom of the bay. These measured datasets can also be used to drive numerical models to understand various environmental phenomena that control the water quality of the bay.     

宝钢环境信息化系统建设探索

系统介绍了宝钢环境信息化系统建设架构、功能、特点,以及对污染减排、环境自动监测及信息化技术进行有效融合后的应用实践,并对该信息化系统在提高环境监控能力,完善系统建设上提出扩展监控范围、提升功能等构想.     

A Time-Dependent System for Evaluating Groundwater Contamination Hazard Rating of Municipal Solid Waste Dumps

In developing countries, several old municipal solid waste dumps (unlined landfills) exist adjacent to large cities, releasing contaminants to the underlying aquifer, thus posing the hazard of groundwater contamination. These uncontrolled waste dumps need to be prioritized in terms of the groundwater contamination hazard posed by them, so that necessary control and remedial measures can be undertaken in a phased manner. This paper presents a time-dependent system for evaluating groundwater contamination hazard rating of municipal solid waste dumps. The system is based on source–pathway–receptor relationships and evaluates the relative value of hazard posed by a site over its entire leaching life, on a scale of 0–1,000. The system parameters have been selected based on literature and expert opinions. The Delphi technique is used to derive the relative importance weights of the system parameters. The proposed system is compared with six selected existing hazard rating systems. The comparison, made by way of score range analysis, shows that the proposed system exhibits a much wider range of hazard scores for various scenarios of site conditions, and hence the proposed system is more sensitive to varied site conditions. The application of different systems to six municipal solid waste dumps located in four cities of India shows that, whereas the existing systems individually produce clustered scores and return the same rank to more than one site, the proposed system produces significantly varying scores and return different ranks to different sites. This demonstrates that the proposed system improves decision making and makes a better basis for prioritization of municipal solid waste dumps for adopting control and remedial measures.     

城市环境信息综合查询分析系统开发与应用实践

主要介绍了城市环境信息综合查询分析系统的建设目标、体系结构、数据组织、系统模块的功能、关键技术等.应用实践表明,开放的体系结构、通用的GIS平台,一体编码的数据库管理技术,规范标准的信息维护与评价体系等可为开发其它城市的环境信息系统提供借鉴.     

大气细粒子中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的在线监测

基于一种新型的大气颗粒物在线水萃取采样装置(PILS),通过该装置与快速有机碳分析仪的连接,建立了大气细粒子水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的在线监测系统(PILS-WSOC)。实际运行结果表明,该系统能够快速稳定地获得大气细粒子中WSOC的实时变化数据。与滤膜法的平行实验结果相比,PILS装置对大气颗粒物中WSOC的采样效率远高于滤膜法。     

山西省污染源自动监控系统的设计与实现

山西省重点污染源自动监控系统是集环境监测、监视和控制于一体的污染源自动监控系统,解决了传统污染源监控系统"只监不控"、"只监结果不监过程"的问题。介绍了该系统的组成、功能及技术特点,并于2010年3月通过该系统对超标排放企业远程监控的实施情况进行了分析。结果表明,该系统能够有效对监控企业进行实时监测,并对污染超标企业进行远程控制和警示,从而有效提高了环境监管水平和执法效率,加强了防止和应对突发性重大环境污染事故的能力。