首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
在光能生产潜力计算的基础上,经过温度、降水、土壤肥力和土壤质量等自然因素的订正,分析了温州市的土地生产潜力、粮食生产潜力。通过对温州市历年来主要粮食作物产量分析,采用产潜比增长速度法预测了2000年和2010年的粮食产量,并据此计算了2000年、2010年和潜在最大的人口承载量,指出温州市建立稳定协调可持续发展的人地关系的关键。  相似文献   

2.
分析了神农架建设绿色食品基地的自然优势条件和农业资源特点,提出了发展山区、河谷、城镇基地,创建名牌资源品种的建设方针。  相似文献   

3.
区域能源碳足迹计算模型比较研究——以湖北省为例   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
能源消费排放是最主要的碳排放来源,研究能源碳足迹重要理论和现实意义。如何准确计算和表征能源碳足迹的大小成为该研究领域的重要问题。在文献回顾的基础上,文章总结了3种目前应用较广泛的计算区域能源消费碳足迹的方法和模型,它们分别是碳汇法、净初级生产力改进模型和净生态系统生产力改进模型。分别介绍了其计算公式、输入参数和计算过程。以湖北省1998-2009年能源消费碳足迹的计算为例,分别用这几种方法计算了能源消费碳足迹的总量和人均碳足迹。得到的主要结论有:研究区域能源消费碳排放量增长较快,3种方法和模型计算得到的碳足迹总量和人均量从时间序列上看,整体变化趋势一致,碳足迹亦呈现快速增长。但3种模型计算出的碳足迹大小差异较大,碳汇法模型足迹最大,净生态系统生产力改进模型次之,净初级生产力改进模型结果最小,并且碳汇法的计算结果明显大于其他两种模型。计算结果差异的原因在于,传统碳汇法模型只考虑林地的碳吸收能力,忽略了区域其他用地类型的碳吸收能力。净初级生产力改进模型考虑了各种用地类型的吸收能力,但从生态系统来说忽略了异氧呼吸的碳释放,高估了区域的碳吸收能力。几种模型都运用了固定值或者平均统计量,未能考虑地域差异,同时未考虑各统计量随时间和气候等变化而变化的可能,存在一定的不合理性,这也是今后研究值得深人研究的方向。  相似文献   

4.
2010年6月7日,国家主席胡锦涛在两院(中国科学院、中国工程院)院士大会上针对农业科技明确指出:构建我国生态高值农业和生物产业体系,建成农业高值转化的产业体系。本文对"生态高值农业"进行论述。所谓生态,就是要体现农业既能为社会提供安全优质的农产品又能实现农业资源的永续利用,将农业纳入可持续发展的道路;所谓高值,就是要体现农业有很高的土地产出率、投入产出率、劳动生产率。因此,"生态高值农业"是集约化经营与生态化生产有机结合的现代农业。它以健康消费需求为导向,以提高农业市场竞争力和可持续发展能力为核心,兼有高投入、高产出、高效益与可持续发展的双重特性,是转变农业增长方式、提高农业综合生产能力的集中体现。  相似文献   

5.
    
A new comprehensive water, energy, food, greenhouse gas (WEFG) nexus index was developed to capture the interrelationships between them. A total of 11 indicators were applied to consider the interplay of resources consumption, productivity, economic issues, and carbon emission as one of the most critical issues regarding sustainable agricultural development. The proposed WEFG index was evaluated for crop pattern optimization. The results showed that the WEFG ranged from 0.162 to 0.658, which were calculated respectively for almonds and rice due to their energy consumption and carbon emission levels. The optimal cultivation pattern based on WEFG leads to 11% and 15.8% reductions in water and energy consumption, even with a 2.3% increase in cultivation area. The estimated profit for optimal pattern based on WEFG decreased by 13.67% due to lower cultivation levels of high-yield crops such as onion and potatoes. However, the optimal cultivation pattern based on the WEFG index has decreased greenhouse gas emissions by 2%, leading to sustainable agricultural management. Therefore, the presented WEFG nexus index can be a practical metric for sustainable planning and management in the agriculture sector.  相似文献   

6.
农田生态系统四川短尾鼩种群能量动态的研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
用标志重捕法对四川短尾鼩种群数量及能量动态研究.结果表明:种群数量在每年6月和10月有两个高峰;四川短尾鼩的只采食量为4.212±0.86g/d,排泄量为2.18±0.12g/d身体器官热值为15.50kJ/g.食物热值为16.51kJ/g.生物量为214.38±59.96g/hm2,静止代谢率r(RMR)为22.909kJ/d,通过种群的能量为50.74kJ/d,次级生产量为169.25kJ/ha·d,生长效率(P/A)为0.097,本文用Odum的能路语言(energycircuitlanguape),对四川短尾在生态系统中的能量地位进行了定位.  相似文献   

7.
    
The COVID-19 pandemic made people reevaluate their energy consumption and energy efficiency. It held up a mirror to humanity's opportunistic and ruthless deployment of energy sources. As the city streets went empty and the international air traffic stopped altogether, people witnessed the significant drop in CO2 emissions, realized their dependence upon energy sources, and became aware of global climate change. In addition, with lockdowns and home offices, the demand for energy and the usual peak hours shifted offering a new perspective in energy consumption. The pandemic delivered a devastating blow to the human belief in having the constant and everlasting supply of energy that can be relied upon in everything. All these attracted the attention of researchers focusing on energy consumption and efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the vast body of academic literature on the topic burgeoned in the past four years yielding many exciting perspectives and viewpoints. Our paper conducts a comprehensive review of this body of literature employing the bibliometric network analysis of 12960 publications indexed in Web of Science database. It demonstrates the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing energy-saving technologies, altering energy consumption behavior, and implementing novel ICT solutions in a post-COVID world. In addition, it highlights the importance of energy efficiency measures and examines novel technologies that can contribute to a sustainable and resilient energy future. Our findings emphasize the need for robust policies, technological advancements, and public engagement for fostering energy efficiency and mitigating environmental impacts of post-pandemic energy consumption.  相似文献   

8.
尽管我国有机氯农药已禁用多年,但环境和食物中仍有有机氯农药残留.以太原市为研究区域,采集了代表性的6类24种食物,测定了林丹残留量,分析了太原人群对林丹的口摄暴露风险.研究结果表明,24种食物中林丹残留量在未检出到1.5ng·g-(1湿重)范围内.残留量较高的为鱼、水果、蔬菜和肉类.多数食物残留浓度高于2005~2007年北京和沈阳类似调查的结果.与历史数据(1992、2000年)相比,食物中林丹残留浓度大幅度下降,动物类食物下降1~2个量级,蔬菜和水果降幅较小.目前各类食物中林丹残留量均低于国家和欧盟的相应标准.平均而言,各年龄段人群日均口摄暴露量也低于美国环保局的标准,但由于食物残留浓度、个体体重及膳食结构变异较大,导致个体暴露水平差别很大,各年龄段,特别是成年人中有少数人日均口摄暴露浓度超过美国环保局制定的0.3g·kg-1·d-1的允许标准.  相似文献   

9.
天津市经济—环境系统的物质流分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用物质流分析工具对天津市经济—环境系统中的物质流进行了分析,分析结果表明:2004年天津市的物质需求总量达到8.68亿t,且增长趋势明显,其中基础设施建设对环境造成了较大扰动,进口物质大于出口物质;城市环境容量总体处于饱和状态,水体污染严重;物质消耗强度不断增长,资源的利用效率处于较低水平。最后,针对存在的问题,提出相应的措施和建议。  相似文献   

10.
    
Household food consumption (HFC) has considerable implications for sustainability which need to be assessed for effective mitigation interventions. The related extant research focuses on high-income countries and selected diets, while comprehensive sustainability assessments of HFC in developing and transitional economies remain insufficient. This represents a critical knowledge gap given the rapidly increasing patterns of food consumption in non-western households. This study conducts a holistic sustainability assessment of HFC in rural and urban China based on the nationally established sustainability assessment indicator system (SAIS) and a comprehensive assessment index (CAI, measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 100 points), as previously detailed in literature. The determinants of overall sustainability of HFC are identified via regression analysis. The results indicate that food consumption is characterized by lower economic sustainability but higher environmental sustainability. 99.5% of households are either relatively sustainable (i.e., in the assessment they score 50–75 points) or relatively unsustainable (25–50 points) while the remaining 0.5% of households are sustainable (75–100 points) or unsustainable (0–25 points). Sustainability has considerable inter-monthly and spatial variations; it also varies across household income and size. Household income has a significant positive impact (p < .01), while household size, the presence of household members trying to lose weight, and COVID-19 exert significant negative impacts (p < .1, p < .05, p < .01) on overall sustainability. The study provides a scientifically grounded reference to enhance sustainability of HFC in China. The methodological framework developed and validated in this study can inform the design of future research on sustainability of HFC conducted in other countries and regions.  相似文献   

11.
为了解沿海地区居民的汞暴露情况及其膳食汞的主要来源,对大连市区普通居民的膳食消费情况及其发汞浓度进行了调查与分析。普通居民的膳食消费情况采用调查问卷的形式进行,调查问卷的内容包括水产品消费情况、年龄、性别、身高、体重等,填写调查问卷的志愿者们同时自愿提供头发样品。膳食样品,如水产品、谷物、蔬菜等常见品种在大连市区的市场采用随机采购的方式获得。头发和膳食样品中的汞含量采用原子荧光光谱法测定,测定结果为:水产品中总汞含量为15.32(1.89~86.40)μg·kg-1,其中甲基汞含量为8.05(1.79~40.33)μg·kg-1;谷物和蔬菜总汞含量分别为2.04(0.05~11.95)μg·kg-1和0.96(0.05~2.74)μg·kg-1;头发样品中总汞浓度为(0.46±0.55)μg·g-1,其中甲基汞浓度为(0.28±0.19)μg·g-1。通过估算得知,大连市普通居民日平均的汞摄入量为0.043μg·(kg·d)-1,其中来自水产品的摄入量占膳食摄入的63.6%。居民发汞浓度与年龄、水产品食用量呈正相关,与身高、体重没有显著的相关性;与美国国家环境保护局规定的人体发汞风险参考剂量1μg·g-1相对照,此次调查人群中约有4.6%的居民发汞浓度超出该标准限值,这表明大连市区普通居民可能面临汞暴露的潜在风险。该研究结果将为我国普通居民的汞暴露评估和风险控制提供重要参考数据。  相似文献   

12.
精神活性物质对人类中枢神经系统具有强烈兴奋或抑制作用,其滥用已经成为全球广泛关注的社会问题。我国传统精神活性物质以甲基苯丙胺和海洛因为主,两者滥用量及流行率的准确评估对控制和监管滥用情况具有重大意义。本文对2019年和2020年我国西北部某城市主城区及县(市、区)的8个污水处理厂样品进行检测,使用层次分析法对设计容量法、水质参数法、生物标志物法以及人均用水量法的权重系数进行赋值,建立了多参数人口模型,并用于该市甲基苯丙胺及海洛因人均滥用量和流行率的评估。结果显示,所有样品均检出甲基苯丙胺和吗啡,其中2019年甲基苯丙胺和海洛因人均滥用量分别为(112.60±25.20)μg·d−1和(31.70±10.93)μg·d−1,流行率分别为(0.49±0.17)%和(0.43±0.10)‰;2020年甲基苯丙胺和海洛因的人均滥用量分别为(92.81±28.41)μg·d−1和(25.65±11.42)μg·d−1,流行率分别为(0.34±0.11)%和(0.41±0.18)‰。两种精神活性物质的人均滥用量及流行率整体都有所减小,疫情防控措施对精神活性物质的滥用产生了遏制作用,同时不同地区精神活性物质滥用量与经济发展程度有关。  相似文献   

13.
针对当前地方政府偏重于高利润农业项目,导致“三高”农业重点旁移的现象,阐述政府抓农业重点的必要住,指出其重点在于:(1)抓调查研究,抓政策;(2)抓农业教育与农业科研;(3)抓既带战略性而农民又力所不及和缺乏积极性的项目;(4)抓农技推广机构和队伍.而高利润的农业项目可由市场来调节.并从发展“三高’农业的需要以及当前出现的农民单施化肥的短期行为、人均耕地面积下降、地力下降、丢荒弃耕的情况等方面阐述政府重点抓培肥地力的重要性.  相似文献   

14.
    
Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.  相似文献   

15.
A case study in an experimental pond was performed to evaluate the ecotoxic effects of Trichloroethene (TRI) upon the population density and productivity of phyto‐ and zooplankton. TRI was continuously released into two pond enclosures over 11 weeks (mean concentrations 1.5 and 7.5 mg/l). The chronic chemical treatment showed distinctive toxic influences upon the biota. Following the high TRI concentration, the phytoplankton density slightly increased; the productivity per single cells, however, was significantly reduced compared to the controls and the low TRI concentration. Cryptophyceae were the most sensitive algae taxa. The density and reproductivity of Daphniae and Phyllopodae decreased by the high TRI concentration. Most of the Rotatoriae were not negatively influenced. With increasing TRI concentrations two different bacteria forms showed a mass development. Small amounts of Trichloroacetic acid were detected in both enclosures as a conversion product of TRI (~3 μg/l after 80 days treatment).  相似文献   

16.
四川盆地农业生态系统害鼠种群测报数学模型的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据四川盆地农业生态系统害鼠种群数量连续3年的统计结果:方差分析证明种群数量在年周期间变化不显著,(F<F0.05)而年内存在着显著的统计学差异(F>F0.05)种群数量季节消长呈明显的双峰型模式,年周期内出现6月和11月两个数量高峰,两峰之间无显著性差异(t<t0.01).依据农田灭鼠的实际情况,用3月份的数量来预测6月份的种群数量,是理想的预测方案故本文依据该3年的数据,采用数学拟合方法,组建预测6月份数量高峰的短期预测模型.统计检验表明具有准确、可靠和实用的特点.  相似文献   

17.
本文以能量生态学原理为指导,应用投入产出法对胜利油田生态农场系统内能量流动及能量利用效率进行了计算分析,从中发现了系统生产的薄弱环节和在能量利用方面的问题,并提出了调整系统内部产业结构和能量投入结构的措施,为今后系统生产力及能量转化效率的提高,提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

18.
从人群的营养水平和主粮、副食品消费结构的变化出发,分别估算和预测了1993年和2000年江苏省泰兴市土地资源的人口承载量。结果表明,该市土地资源1993年可供120万人过上宽裕型生活,到2000年可供95万人过上小康型生活,其余三分之一以上人口的粮食需求要依靠市外供给。  相似文献   

19.
Energy is one of the most important elements required for poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, and it has a particularly strong impact on households in rural areas. An extensive survey on household energy consumption patterns that interrelates socioeconomic and demographic factors was conducted in the disregarded villages of Lijiang City by using the stratified random sampling technique for 120 households. This study focuses on household energy consumption and the related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the study area. Firewood, biogas, and electricity were identified as the main energy sources of the rural households. This study demonstrates that 100% of the households use firewood, 52% use biogas, and 95% use electricity as fuel types. On average, each household consumed 1752 kg of firewood, 280 m3 of biogas, and 392 kWh of electricity annually. All households generated an annual average amount of CO2 emissions of 3851 kg, of which 85.08% come from firewood, 7.66% from biogas, and 7.26% from electricity. Family size, income, and educational level were found to be the major factors that influence CO2 emissions. The results of this study may be useful in explaining the energy consumption characteristics in the rural areas of Lijiang City and are expected to be useful in policy formulation for energy consumption and environmental protection.  相似文献   

20.
We present a new explanation and empirical evidence showing that rural subsidies to large farmers tend to be associated with low land productivity and excessive deforestation. We develop a lobbying model where wealthy farmers trade bribes or political contributions to government politicians in exchange for subsidies; farmers are able to tilt the terms of the bargaining game with policy makers in their favor by pre-committing to an inefficient choice of semi-fixed inputs. Government proneness to accept political contributions or bribes and its willingness to provide subsidies cause farmers to adopt inefficient modes of production as a mechanism to capture such subsidies. Our predictions are consistent with stylized facts on land use in Latin America, and suggest that subsidy schemes have been counterproductive—distorting and constraining development, and triggering excessive depletion of natural resources. We validate some of the predictions of the model through econometric analyses using a new data set for nine countries in Latin America.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号