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1.
Jin-Li Hu 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(4):327-340
This paper computes the efficient air pollution abatement ratios of 30 regions in China during the period 1996–2002. Three air emissions (SO2, soot and dust) are considered. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) with a single output (real GDP) and five inputs (labour, real capital stock, SO2, dust and soot emissions) is used to compute the target emissions of each region for each year. The efficient abatement ratios of each region in each year are then obtained by dividing the target emission by the actual emission of an air pollutant. Our major findings are: 1. The eastern area is the most efficient region with respect to SO2, soot and dust emissions in every year during the research period. 2. The eastern, central and western areas have the lowest, medium and highest 1996–2002 average target abatement ratios of SO2 (22.09%, 42.23% and 57.58%), soot (26.19%, 56.34% and 66.37%) and dust (15.20%, 29.09% and 40.59%), respectively. 3. These results are consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, whereby a more developed area will use environmental goods more efficiently than a less developed area. 4. Compared to dust emission, the average target abatement ratios for SO2 and soot emissions (as direct outcomes of burning coal) are relatively much higher for all three areas. 相似文献
2.
Kusum W Ketkar 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1983,10(1):50-59
The primary concern of this paper is to identify the inputs required for air, water, and solid waste pollution abatement in the United States. Industry level data on pollution abatement expenditures in 1976 are decomposed into expenditures on various intermediate inputs and on two primary inputs—labor and capital. The 1971 input-output table is adjusted to reflect the input needs of pollution abatement technology. This revised direct input coefficients matrix is used to derive the gross output and primary input requirements of the 1971 final bill of goods. 相似文献
3.
Chao Liu Hancheng Dai Lin Zhang Changchun Feng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(5):70
4.
Yanfei Chen Ji Zheng Miao Chang Qing Chen Cuicui Xiao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(2):25
5.
珠三角地区POPs农药的污染现状及控制对策 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
概述了中国及国际社会对持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs)的关注情况。并通过对POPs农药在珠江三角洲地区(Pearl River Delta Area,PRD)使用情况的调查,以及对珠江三角洲地区POPs农药在各环境介质中的污染现状的文献综述,结合环境污染数据以及POPs农药污染调查工作中得到的数据和信息,对该地区POPs污染的可能原因和环境中可能存在的新近污染源进行了初步探讨。同时也指出了当前珠江三角洲地区在POPs农药削减与淘汰工作中所遭遇到的缺乏完善的管理体系等困难,并针对问题提出了包括加大科研投入,加强基础研究,掌握污染物来源和去向,加强替代药物的研究,建立和实施更严格的环境法规以及标准,加强环境监测能力建设,建立POPs农药污染的信息公开机制等一系列的控制对策。 相似文献
6.
辽河流域工业废水污染物排放的时空变化规律研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用等标污染负荷法,针对改革开放和产业结构大调整前后的5个典型年份,从工业污染源空间特征出发分析了辽宁省辽河流域工业废水污染物排放的变化趋势,并讨论了重点污染物排放的时空变化规律。结果表明:辽河流域工业污染源主要分布在辽宁中部城市群及沿海地区,且有不断集中的趋势;工业废水排放总量以及污染物排放总量都呈不断减少的趋势;辽河流域主要污染物为COD、氨氮、挥发酚和石油类,有机污染物排放量高于无机污染物;重金属类污染物变化较大,1985—1999年重金属类以汞为主,2002—2005年期间重金属类以镉、铅和六价铬为主,2008年重金属类以铅、砷和六价铬为主;氨氮、COD的主要排放区域变化不大,挥发酚、石油类、铅、砷的主要排放区域变化很大,污染物排放区域转移趋势明显。 相似文献
7.
Junhua LI Hong HE Chun HU Jincai ZHAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(3):302-325
This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal-catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed. 相似文献
8.
江苏省环境库兹涅茨特征分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选取江苏省 1 988— 2 0 0 2年经济与环境数据 ,建立了单位GDP污染排放量模型和人均GDP污染排放量模型 ,分析各类典型环境指标与GDP增长的关系。研究发现 ,江苏省的单位GDP污染排放量总体呈现下降趋势 ,表明技术进步和产业结构的调整已产生了明显的环境效益 ;同时发现经济发展与环境污染水平的关系总体上符合库兹涅茨曲线 (EKC)特征。由此得出结论 :江苏省目前仍处于工业发展期 ,环境污染物排放量EKC的转折点尚未达到 ,因此 ,江苏环境污染控制的投入有必要保持较高的水平。 相似文献
9.
Review of fly ash inertisation treatments and recycling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Annalisa Zacco Laura Borgese Alessandra Gianoncelli Rudolf P. W. J. Struis Laura E. Depero Elza Bontempi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(1):153-175
Fly ash (FA) is a by-product of power, and incineration plants operated either on coal and biomass, or on municipal solid waste. FA can be divided into coal fly ash, obtained from power plant burning coal, flue gas desulphurisation FA, that is, the by-product generated by the air pollution control equipment in coal-fired power plants to reduce the release of SO2, biomass FA produced in the plants for thermal conversion of biomass and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) FA, that is, the finest residue obtained from the scrubber system in a MSWI plant. Because of the large amount produced in the world, fly ash is now considered the world’s fifth largest material resource. The composition of FA is very variable, depending on its origins; then, also pollutants can be very different. In this frame, it is fundamental to exploit the chemical or physical potentials of FA constituents, thus rendering them second-life functionality. This review paper is addressed to FA typology, composition, treatment, recycling, functional reuse and metal and organic pollutants abatement. Because of the general growing of environmental awareness and increasing energy and material demand, it is expected that increasing recycling rates will reduce the pressure on demand for primary raw materials, help to reuse valuable materials which would otherwise be wasted and reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from extraction and processing. 相似文献
10.
北京市区域城市化程度与颗粒物污染的相关性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
城市化程度的提升带来严重的资源环境问题,尤其是空气污染问题,严重影响了人类的健康。大气中的PM2.5等颗粒物已经成为影响我国城市空气质量的主要污染物。现有研究多数是对于多年来多地区的宏观研究,缺乏对于典型地区的具体数据报道。通过分析北京市PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度与不同城市化程度地区的相关关系,探索城市化程度对PM2.5等颗粒物浓度的影响。选取北京市7处具有代表性空气质量监测点,于2013年7月至10月对PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度进行连续4个月的实时监测,结合《北京市区域统计年鉴》中的城市化指标数据,包括常住人口密度、地区生产总值和林木覆盖率,对数据进行变化趋势分析、Pearson相关分析和回归分析。研究结论表明:由于北京市不同区域城市化程度不同导致颗粒物污染状况不同,每个区域的PM2.5与PM10的质量浓度虽有差异但均显著相关,PM2.5的质量浓度约占PM10的质量浓度的60%,PM2.5是PM10的主要组成成分。城市化程度与PM2.5等颗粒物浓度有明显的关系,PM2.5等颗粒物浓度与地区生产总值和林木覆盖率显著相关,与地区生产总值呈正相关,与林木覆盖率呈负相关;与常住人口密度呈正相关趋势但并不显著相关。其中,PM2.5的质量浓度与地区生产总值的相关系数为0.875,与林木覆盖率的相关系数为-0.838;PM10的质量浓度与地区生产总值相关系数为0.947,与林木覆盖率相关系数为-0.775。总体来看,PM2.5等颗粒物浓度随城市化程度的提高而增加,北京市区域城市化程度与颗粒物污染情况关系明显。我国在快速发展城市化的同时,应关注环境与经济相协调。调整产业结构,增加植被绿化,控制污染源将有助于减少北京市大气中颗粒物的污染程度,为我国的城市化进程提供相应的支持和保障。 相似文献
11.
广州市区大气污染特征与影响因子分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以2000—2004年广州市国控测点的空气环境质量自动监测结果为基础数据,以我国《大气环境质量标准》的日平均质量浓度二级标准为依据计算广州市2000—2004年的各大气污染物的指数及污染负荷率,阐明广州市区主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、CO的地域分布特征、季节变化特征、年际变化特征以及由于大气中的酸性物质而形成的酸雨的变化特征并提出研究对策。结果表明:各污染物质量浓度存在明显的季节变化规律,除SO2春夏秋季污染最严重,其余几项污染程度由高到低的顺序均为冬季,春季,秋季,夏季。近5年来空气中的一氧化碳呈显著下降趋势,但二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物则呈显著上升趋势,综合污染指数也呈明显上升趋势;酸雨频率呈不显著上升且夏秋季污染大于春冬两季。广州市大气污染分布规律与风向频率以北和东北偏北方向较大,东和东南方向次之的分布基本一致。 相似文献
12.
We examine the choice of policy instruments (price, quantity or a mix of the two) when two pollutants are regulated and firms' abatement costs are private information. Whether abatement efforts are complements or substitutes is key determining the choice of policies. When pollutants are complements, a mixed policy instrument with a tax on one pollutant and a quota on another is sometimes preferable even if the pollutants are identical in terms of benefits and costs of abatement. Yet, if they are substitutes, the mixed policy is dominated by taxes or quotas. 相似文献
13.
土壤污染物来源及前沿问题 总被引:29,自引:7,他引:29
人类活动对土壤系统的影响日趋严重。土壤污染物主要来自污染的大气沉降,废水和污水灌溉,工业废渣和城市垃圾,以及农药施用等。土壤污染对环境和人体健康造成极大的危害。文章通过计算得出了大气汞沉降和酸沉降在中国的累积沉降量,并通过调查分析中国各项污染物来源的最新资料,详细论述了各主要污染因素对土壤系统的影响。文章阐述了污染物在土壤系统中主要的物理化学行为,主要包括污染物在土壤生态系统中的吸附、迁移和扩散、酸沉降对土壤系统的影响等三个方面。最后回顾了该领域的研究现状和主要的前沿问题,并对进一步的深入研究提出了建议。 相似文献
14.
以东莞市第一次全国污染源普查成果为数据基础,调查估算2010年东莞市33个镇街和25个水功能区的COD、氨氮入河量,并应用GIS技术及相关分析法分析污染物入河量空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现:①东莞市各镇街及水功能区的污染物入河量呈明显不均匀分布,人口、GDP是影响污染物入河量空间分布的主要因素。②河网区、非河网区镇街的工业污染物入河量与GDP均呈较好的正相关关系,但非河网区单位污染物入河量GDP产出拟合曲线斜率是河网区的31倍,显示河网区镇街每增长单位污染物入河量所产生的GDP远远小于非河网区,河网区镇街往往付出巨大的污染代价而经济增长却非常有限。 相似文献
15.
Tienan Ju Mei Lei Guanghui Guo Jinglun Xi Yang Zhang Yuan Xu Qijia Lou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(1):8
16.
Asymmetric regulation of a global pollutant between countries can alter the competitiveness of industries and lead to emissions leakage, which hampers countries’ welfare. In order to limit leakage, governments consider supporting domestic trade-exposed firms by subsidizing their investments in abatement technology. The suppliers of such technologies tend to be less than perfectly competitive, particularly when both emissions regulations and advanced technologies are new. In this context of twin market failures, we consider the relative effects and desirability of subsidies for abatement technology. We find a more robust recommendation for upstream subsidies than for downstream subsidies. Downstream subsidies tend to increase global abatement technology prices, reduce pollution abatement abroad and increase emission leakage. On the contrary, upstream subsidies reduce abatement technology prices, and hence also emissions leakage. 相似文献
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18.
Ronald J. Krumm Philip E. Graves 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1982,9(4):311-327
Time-series analysis of effects of pollutants on emergency hospital admissions indicates important synergistic interactions among pollutants and to a lesser degree nonlinearities in effects of single pollutants. Comparisons of alternative econometric specifications are made to determine the appropriateness of incorporating nonuniform pollution impacts. The data substantially support the existence of synergisms among pollutants with high levels of sulfur dioxide, SO2 (particulates), increasing the impact of particulates (SO2) on emergency hospital admissions. Marginal effects of either pollutant are, however, small at current ambient air quality levels. These results indicate that damage estimates were likely to be understated during the 1960's when pollution levels were high, while, at current levels of those pollutants considered here, marginal damages are lower than would be estimated in studies failing to incorporate synergistic and nonlinear impacts. 相似文献
19.
浙江省废水排放增长的EKC曲线特征分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选取浙江省1985~2004年经济和废水排放数据,通过分析经济因子与废水排放之间的相互关系,建立浙江省废水排放的库兹涅茨曲线模型。结果表明:浙江省废水排放与人均GDP的演替轨迹呈现显著的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,1985~2004期间处于曲线的上升阶段。浙江省废水排放总量的EKC曲线理论转折点为人均GDP约34 305元,相应的废水排放总量峰值为35亿t,预测转折点出现的时间为2007年左右。工业废水排放量正处于EKC曲线的转折点附近,而生活废水排放量目前正处于EKC曲线加速上升的阶段,转折点出现的时间为2007年左右,对应的生活废水排放量的峰值为15亿t,是2004年生活废水排放量(11.6亿t)的1.3倍,形势非常严峻,应该引起重视。因此,十一五期间,浙江省尤其要注重对生活废水排放的控制和治理,并且保持较高的治理投入。 相似文献
20.
基于合作博弈论的感潮河网区污染物排放总量削减分配模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在给定污染物削减目标的情况下,如何确定各排污区域的分配比例一直是污染物总量分配技术的核心问题,博弈论是解决这一问题的有效尝试。采用合作博弈论方法,以感潮河网区各排污区域为研究对象,充分考虑各区域的污染治理成本、排污策略与环境质量的相互影响,建立了在给定污染物总削减比例条件下各区域环境合作的博弈模型,计算了各种可能联盟的特征函数值,利用Shapley值法进行合作收益的公平分配。结合珠江三角洲西江-石岐河河网区3个区域的环境合作案例说明削减合作的可行性,在总削减比例为15%的约束下,3区域合作削减比例是20.77%、12.82%和12.99%,与合作前相比,3个区域合作后环境成本分别减少了11.83%、2.13%和2%。 相似文献