南京市环境空气挥发性有机物监测方法比对研究

2018年9月20—29日,开展了南京市环境空气非甲烷烃(PAMS)原清单中57种挥发性有机物的手工和在线比对监测,监测项目主要包括碳氢化合物、卤代烃和含氧挥发性有机物。通过对VOCs 3 h均值、日均值和主要污染物指标等进行比对,分析在线监测数据与手工监测数据的相关性。测试结果表明,两种方法得到的3 h均值的差异度(1.43)和相关系数(0.897),日均值的差异度(2.16)和相关系数(0.946),呈现出差异度不显著、高度线性相关的特征。同时,进一步分析了监测数据产生偏离的原因,建议加强环境空气手工监测的质控管理,强化在线监测设备的运维管理,推进环境空气挥发性有机物监测的合理、有序发展。     

罐采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境空气中116种挥发性有机物

利用罐采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱-质谱联用仪结合冷柱箱技术,建立了一次进样同时分析环境空气中116种挥发性有机物的方法.利用苏玛罐采集环境空气样品,液氮低温冷凝浓缩进样,经配有冷柱箱的气相色谱-质谱法进行分析.通过优化冷凝参数和程序升温条件,最终用-35℃初始柱温成功保留住低碳组分,实现用一根色谱柱同时分离低碳和高碳组分...     

南京市环境空气中挥发性有机物的组成与特点

参照美国EPATO17的方法研究南京市不同功能区(交通区、商业旅游区、居住区、工业区和清洁对照点)环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)在一年四季中的组成及浓度水平。共检出189种挥发性有机物,并随气温下降而减少;苯系物稳定存在于各功能区,浓度秋季最高。交通区污染最严重。     

泰州市环境空气中挥发性有机物分布特征

于2018年4—9月对泰州市环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)组分开展现场观测,结合观测数据分析该市大气中VOCs的时空分布特征。结果表明:观测期间泰州市环境空气中VOCs平均摩尔比为45.1 nmol/mol,其中含氧挥发性有机物占比为57.8%;受周边排放源和地理位置影响,下风向点位的VOCs测定值高于其他点位;VOCs月均最高值出现在6月,与臭氧月均最高值出现时间一致,7—9月气团出现老化,导致臭氧生成能力减弱;观测期间VOCs中甲苯/苯(T/B)比值范围为0.201 9～5.130 3,且大部分T/B比值2,说明溶剂、油气和液化石油气挥发等排放源对泰州市环境空气中VOCs的影响较为显著。     

气相色谱法同时测定空气中六种挥发性有机物

借气相色谱电子捕获检测器检测、ＴｅｎａｘＧＣ富集柱富集、Ｐｏｒａｐａｋ－ＰＳ填充柱分离,同时测定空气中二氯甲烷、二硫化碳、,方法简便快速,变异系数小于１４％,加标回收率８７％－９９％,方法检出限０．３－１６μｇ／ｍ＾３。     

便携式GC/MS热脱附法直接测定环境空气中挥发性有机物

采用便携式气相色谱/质谱联用热脱附法直接测定环境空气中的挥发性有机物,优化了试验条件。方法在5×10-9~100×10-9范围内线性良好,39种化合物的检出限为1.1μg/m3~19μg/m3,标准气体平行测定的RSD≤11.0%,回收率在80%~120%之间。     

郑州市环境空气中挥发性有机物的组成及分布特点

初步探查研究了郑州市不同功能区环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类组成及TVOC和苯系物浓度分布特点,共检测出221种VOCs.交通密集区VOCs污染较重,汽车尾气是目前VOCs主要来源.     

建设用地土壤中11种半挥发性有机物的测定

利用快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对建设用地土壤中11种半挥发性有机物(SVOCS)进行分析,并优化了萃取溶剂、温度和循环次数.经测定,标准曲线的相关系数(R2)>0.990,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7％ ～14％,加标回收率为65.0％ ～86.4％,方法检出限为0.01～0.06 mg/kg.结果表明,方法的精...     

预冷浓缩系统与气相色谱——质谱法测定室内空气中挥发性有机物

针对室内空气挥发性有机物测定方法的不足,本文采用预冷浓缩系统和气相色谱,质谱联用。建立了测定室内空气中39种挥发性有机物的分析方法,该方法采用苏码罐采样,经液氮预冷冻浓缩后,用心城由检测。该方法灵敏度高,操作简便、重现性好、准确度高,适用于室内空气中挥发性有机物的测定。     

典型医化园区废气和环境空气中挥发性有机物污染特征

对典型医化园区中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征进行研究,采用便携式气相色谱质谱法监测园区及周边14个点位的环境空气,大气预浓缩气相色谱质谱法监测10个点位排气筒中废气。结果表明,废气中非甲烷总烃为1. 77～218 mg/m3,环境空气中甲苯、二氯甲烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃的质量浓度分别为0. 048～0. 833,0. 022～3. 07,0. 011～0. 312,0. 004～0. 754和0. 004～0. 529 mg/m3;废气和环境空气中均检出含量较高的芳香烃、卤代烃、酯类、酮类等化合物,以及园区特征的氟苯类和噻吩类化合物。园区环境空气明显受到工业源VOCs污染,分布趋势为生产越密集区域VOCs值越高,经过园区后沿着风向逐渐降低,园区下风向11 km处可测到园区特征氟苯类物质。     

城市大气中挥发性有机化合物监测技术进展

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是臭氧及二次有机颗粒物(SOA)的主要前体物。近年来,我国逐步将VOCs纳入大气污染物控制体系。准确可靠的监测技术是大气VOCs研究及控制的重要前提保障。按照采样方法、分析方法 2个方面介绍并讨论了城市大气中VOCs的现有监测方法,较为详细地介绍了几类广泛采用的离线及在线监测技术,简要讨论了目前VOCs监测中存在的一些问题,展望了今后的发展趋势。     

Diffusive Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air

The Building Research Establishment (BRE) has been using diffusive samplers for the study of VOCs in indoor and outdoor air since 1989. The Perkin Elmer type sampler packed with Tenax TA adsorbent is used for the diffusive sampling of C6-C16 organic compounds. This method was applied in a major study of relationships between the environment and child health carried out during 1990-1993 in the Avon area of the UK. The present paper reports results of an investigation into the repeatability of the sampler in outdoor air and measurements of 6 aromatic hydrocarbons inside and outside a home over a 5 year period and inside and outside an office building over a 12 month period. Both the home and the office were located in Hertfordshire, England. Concentrations of VOCs recorded are similar to those found in the Avon area. Higher concentrations of each of the six compounds were recorded inside the home than outside, whilst greater amounts of benzene and toluene were found inside the office than outside. Seasonal variations in concentrations are observed and measurements recorded outdoors are similar to those recorded by other workers.     

环境空气VOCs在线监测中标准气体的比对研究

环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的在线监测技术近年来受到普遍关注.相对于传统的离线手工监测,在线监测能够解决监测数据时空代表性不足的问题,同时更好地满足环境质量连续监测和研究的需要.现有环境空气常规气体在线监测技术规范对量值溯源有较高的要求,其中标准气体的溯源和比对是质量控制和质量保证的根本.通过构建上海市环境空气V...     

中国环境空气苯系物类挥发性有机物监测能力现状分析

为了解和评价中国环境空气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的监测能力和技术水平,以量化的手段评估环境空气VOCs监测数据质量,促进实验室质量管理水平提升,笔者以环境空气VOCs中的苯系物为代表,组织31个省、自治区、直辖市216家各级各类生态环境检验检测机构开展了实验室比对,利用稳健统计技术分析评价实验结果.结果表明:环境空气苯...     

挥发性有机物VOCs监测方法与治理技术

挥发性有机物(VOCs)具有光化学活性,可产生臭氧污染,形成二次有机气溶胶,是形成大气复合污染的重要前体物之一,并会对人体健康造成一定危害。我国VOCs排放量正逐年增加,引发的光化学烟雾、城市灰霾等复合大气污染问题日益严重。本文概述了VOCs概念定义、主要分类、污染来源与环境危害,阐述了大气、水体、土壤中VOCs监测方法,综述了VOCs三类治理技术,指出VOCs成分极其复杂,不同类型化合物性质各异,大多数行业VOCs又以混合物形式排放,采用单一治理技术难以达到治理效果,经济上不划算,选用组合技术能实现达标排放,降低治理费用,并达到较好治理效果。     

石家庄大气中优先控制挥发性有机物筛选

综合考虑国内外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,结合实际调查情况,制定了石家庄市大气中优先控制挥发性有机物筛选的原则。对检出率高、贡献率高,可能对人体健康存在潜在危害性的挥发性有机物作筛选,提出了包含20种化合物的优先控制名单,其中卤代烃7种,芳香烃5种,酯类3种,酮类2种,烯烃、醛类和硫化物各1种。从化合物的用途和应用领域分析,医药化工行业可能是石家庄市区大气中挥发性有机物的主要排放源。     

Volatile Organic Compounds: Sampling Methods and Their Worldwide Profile in Ambient Air

The atmosphere is a particularly difficult analytical system because of the very low levels of substances to be analysed, sharp variations in pollutant levels with time and location, differences in wind, temperature and humidity. This makes the selection of an efficient sampling technique for air analysis a key step to reliable results. Generally, methods for volatile organic compounds sampling include collection of the whole air or preconcentration of samples on adsorbents. All the methods vary from each other according to the sampling technique, type of sorbent, method of extraction and identification technique. In this review paper we discuss various important aspects for sampling of volatile organic compounds by the widely used and advanced sampling methods. Characteristics of various adsorbents used for VOCs sampling are also described. Furthermore, this paper makes an effort to comprehensively review the concentration levels of volatile organic compounds along with the methodology used for analysis, in major cities of the world.     

Distribution Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Ambient Air Of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Automobile emissions have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The spatial distribution, temporal variation, and correlations of VOCs at three study sites, selected based on traffic densities and distances from a freeway, were discussed. Sixty-four hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air. Among all of the VOC species, acetone, aromatic and aliphatic compounds constituted the major constituents. Higher concentrations of VOCs existed further away from major arteries as compared to those found near the freeway. Therefore, the distance from the freeway may not be a sufficient index for reflecting actual air quality in the study area. Weather conditions, wind speed and direction did not affect the distribution of VOC concentrations in the three study sites. Other factors, such as the height and density of buildings, traffic conditions or commercial activities, might affect the distribution of VOCs.