第四期风电特许权招标项目发标

我国第四期风电特许权项目招标近日对外发标。本期特许权招标包括3个项目，分别为内蒙古锡盟辉腾梁300兆瓦风电场、内蒙古包头巴音200兆瓦风电场和河北省张北单晶河200兆瓦风电场，总装机容量700兆瓦。这次风电特许权招标的最大特点是风电设备制造商直接参与投标，风电设备制造商既可以作为投标人单独投标，也可与一个投资人组成联合体作为供货商共同投标，主要条件是设备制造企业必须提出完整的实现风电设备制造国产化的方案和实现该方案的措施。     

合肥王小郢污水处理有限公司

合肥市王小郢污水处理厂是安徽省第一座大型城市污水处理厂,设计处理能力为 30万立方米/日,为保护合肥市的水体环境,降低巢湖污染做出了巨大贡献。2004年,经过国际化公开招标,由德国柏林水务国际股份有限公司和东华工程科技股份有限公司组成的投标联合体以4．8亿元的最高报价在该项目上中标,取得该厂23年的特许经营权。 2004年12月6日,北京人民大会堂接待厅,德国柏林水务总裁恩斯特和合肥市建委主任胡正华代表双方在合作协议上正式签字。国务院总理温家宝、德国总理施罗德出席了签字仪式。此项目为中德合作的22个典范项目之一。     

让绿色之花在幼教的沃土上结出丰硕的果实--广州市番禺区北城幼儿园

开展环境教育是北城幼儿园的特色教育之一，已有十多年的历史。早在1992年，我国参加广州市课题投标，成为广州市环境保护试点园后，我们秉着“播种绿色的种子，培育环保幼苗，憧憬绿色的希望，致力绿色的事业”的环境教     

涉外工程招标投标快速自动报价决策支持系统

企业如何增强市场竞争能力 ,一直是当前企业管理的重要问题之一。就对外工程招标投标的重要竞争手段报价问题 ,提出采用先进的计算机技术 ,开发出快捷准确的自动报价决策支持系统 ,以提高企业在未来WTO环境中的竞争能力。     

八成多晶硅企业停产

从去年年底开始，洛阳中硅、江苏中能、四川大全以及赛维LDK等四家国内最大的多品硅企业注意到，虽然国内外多晶硅价格都在下降，但来自韩国、美国的多晶硅产品进口价已低于中国同行的报价了。     

涉外工程招标投标快速自动报价决策运行系统

企业如何增强市场竞争能力,一直是当前企业管理的重要问题之一。就对外工程招标投标的重要竞争手段报价问题,提出了采用先进的计算机技术,开发出快捷准确的自动报价决策支持系统,以提高企业在未来ＷＴＯ环境中的竞争能力。     

排污权价格实现模式的贝叶斯博弈分析

将现实中的排污权交易视为买卖双方在不完全信息条件下所进行的一种博弈行为,而拍卖是充分实现排污权价值的一种有效手段。运用不完全信息博弈(即"贝叶斯博弈")理论分析了排污权的暗标拍卖、政府指导价下的排污权交易和交易所进行的双方报价拍卖等三种典型拍卖交易模式的贝叶斯纳什均衡,认为总体上交易所进行的双方报价拍卖模式更能提高排污权价格的实现效率,指出了上述排污权交易各模式的应用条件。     

中国首台高温接触疲劳试验机落户钢研

滨州创元设备机械制造有限公司1月4日收到竞标胜出通知书,由本公司全权代理的日本东京试验机公司生产的高温接触疲劳试验机在中国钢研科技集团投标项目中中标。     

燃煤电厂投标中有关环保设计问题的探讨

通过近年来参与中南电力设计院国内电厂设计投标工作的实践经验,就环保设计文件编写过程中普遍遇到的一些主要问题提出个人的看法,便于在文件的编写过程中根据国家、地方最新的环保政策、技术规程的要求,不断完善和充实设计文件内容,提高设计文件的质量,提交一份合格的成品。     

成都中节能再生能源有限公司

成都市人民政府为处理城市生活垃圾,采用特许经营方式建设成都市祥福生活垃圾焚烧发电项目,以公开招标方式选择项目法人。经过公开招标、投标,中国节能环保集团公司下属公司——中国环境保护公司中标,由中国环境保护公司独家投资,组建项目公司一一成都中节能再生能源有限公司,负责成都市祥福生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的投资、建设、营运。项目厂址位于成都市青白江区祥福镇民强村,     

浅谈建设单位对建筑工程造价的管理与控制

加强工程造价管理，就是要合理确定和有效控制工程造价，这就要求建设单位对工程造价的控制与管理贯穿于工程建设的全过程，即投资决策、项目设计、招标及订立合同、施工阶段以及竣工结算等五个主要阶段，相应形成投资估算、设计概算、施工图预算、承包合同价及结算价，这五种造价之间存在着前者控制后者、后者补充前者的相互作用关系。     

Is risk-sharing resource taxation in society's best interests if prices are log-normally distributed?

This paper contributes to our understanding of the perceived benefits for society of risk-sharing resource taxation. In the particular context of log-normally distributed prices a model is developed which enables comparison of risk-sharing resource taxation with an alternative in determining the overall return to society from auctioning an extraction lease. The main finding of the paper is a potential exception to the general preference for risk-sharing resource taxation if the bidding firms are effectively risk neutral. This exception is illustrated numerically in the context of the impact of increased price uncertainty, but it is shown not to be robust with respect to divergences from risk neutrality in the risk attitudes of firms. Consequently, it is concluded that the choice of risk-sharing resource taxation is likely to be in society's best interests, regardless of the probability distribution of prices.     

A GAME THEORY APPROACH TO DECIDING WHO WILL SUPPLY INSTREAM FLOW WATER1

ABSTRACT: The resource management problem for the Middle Platte ecosystem is the insufficient water available to meet both instream ecological demands and out‐of‐stream economic needs. This problem of multiple interest groups competing for a limited resource is compounded by sharp disagreement in the scientific community over endangered species' needs for instream flows. In this study, game theory was used to address one dimension of this resource management problem. A sequential auction with repeated bidding was used to determine how much instream flow water each of three states — Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming — will provide and at what price. The results suggest that the use of auction mechanisms can improve the prospects for reaching a multi‐state agreement on who will supply instream flow water, if the auction is structured to discourage misrepresentation of costs and if political compensation is allowed.     

An Ex Post Evaluation of Ohio’s Great Miami Water Quality Trading Program1

Newburn, David A. and Richard T. Woodward, 2011. An Ex Post Evaluation of Ohio’s Great Miami Water Quality Trading Program. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 156‐169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00601.x Abstract: Market‐based approaches to address water quality problems have resulted in only limited success, especially in trading programs involving both point and nonpoint sources. We analyze one of the largest point‐nonpoint trading programs – the Great Miami Trading Program in Ohio, administered by the Miami Conservancy District (MCD). Our evaluation focuses on the economic and institutional aspects of the program, including cost effectiveness, efficiency of bidding, transaction costs, trading ratios, and innovation. We use a unique dataset consisting of all bids from agricultural nonpoint sources and interviews of soil and water conservation district (SWCD) agents in the watershed. We find that the MCD’s reliance on county‐level SWCD offices to recruit and advise farmers has been essential to achieve relatively high rates of farmer participation. Additionally, the MCD is able to partly free ride on the administrative costs that SWCD offices receive to assist federal conservation programs, which is helpful to lower costs for a fledgling trading program. However, the involvement of SWCD offices reduced the potential cost savings from the reverse auction structure because some agents were able to learn about the threshold price over the six rounds of bidding and help farmers bid strategically. Overall, the program structure serves as an effective model for future trading programs in other regions that seek to involve agricultural nonpoint sources.     

Willingness to pay towards a public good: how does a refund option affect stated values?

Mandatory taxes and/or voluntary contributions are commonly adopted as the payment vehicle when eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) in environmental valuation studies. While mandatory taxes may arouse negative feelings, voluntary contributions may lead to strategic behaviour (over bidding) or free riding (under bidding). In this paper, we explore an alternative payment vehicle which avoids the draconian undertones associated with taxes and may be more incentive compatible than a voluntary contribution – a tax that incorporates a refund option. The template for such a payment vehicle is the value added tax charged to tourists in Ireland, but which can be reclaimed on exiting the country. In the context of raising public funds to support the conservation of rural countryside landscape, a comparison is made between the elicited WTP via a mandatory tax and that elicited via the alternative payment method incorporating a refund option. While we observe similar participation rates between the two payment methods, the refund option reveals a higher stated WTP.     

影子价格与企业管理决策

影子价格实际上是在最优决策下对一种资源效用价值的估价,它真实反映了资源在经济结构中对目标函数值的影响和贡献大小,资源的影子价格越高,表明该种资源对总目标的贡献越大.影子价格有利于资源的优化配置,并为调整产品结构、优化产业结构、增加经济效益提供了一个十分重要和有价值的数量依据.     

Mixed signals: market incentives, recycling, and the price spike of 1995

Environmental economics assumes that reliance on price signals, adjusted for externalities, normally leads to efficient solutions to environmental problems. We explore a limiting case, when market volatility created ‘mixed signals’: prices of waste paper and other recycled materials were suddenly extremely high in 1994–1995, then plummeted back to traditional low levels in 1996. These rapid reversals resulted in substantial economic and political costs. A review of academic and business literature suggests six possible explanations for abrupt price spikes. An econometric analysis of the prices of wood pulp and waste paper shows that factor which explained price changes in 1983–1993 contribute very little to understanding the subsequent price spike. From the econometric analysis and from other sources, we conclude that speculation must have played a major role in the price spike, perhaps in combination with modest effects from changes in government policy and in export demand. If speculatively driven price spikes can disrupt an environmentally important industry such as recycling, what is the appropriate role for public policy? When price volatility is sufficiently disruptive, then measures to control or stabilize prices, rather than interfering with the market, might help to make it more efficient.     

Is local produce more expensive? Challenging perceptions of price in local food systems

This research examines price in local food systems to identify whether the perception that local is more expensive is justified. This study seeks to contribute to the field by addressing the dearth of quantitative price and availability research and building upon existing empirical research by considering a broader range of distribution channels and organic produce. Without a stronger understanding of pricing structures and distribution models, local food initiatives are based on assumptions rather than evidence. Using a case-study approach of the Region of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada), price and product data were collected at 11 outlets over a 6-month period. The study involved regression analysis of six locally produced fruits and vegetables based on local, Ontario, and organic attributes associated with the products and comparison with consumer willingness-to-pay research. Results show that local produce in the case study is not consistently more expensive than the non-local option. Both price discounts and premiums are found, depending on the product. These findings challenge the “local is more expensive” assumption and support suggestions that local food systems can be spaces for social inclusion. The organic attribute is associated with a price premium in all cases and may create confusion among consumers given frequent overlap between the local and organic attributes. Proponents of local food can use the results of this study to inform programme and policy development. Most notably, the study suggests that education around the distinction between local and organic as well as challenges to the price perception could be of benefit.     

Evaluating a small deposit next to an economically viable gold mine in West Africa from the points of view of the mining company,the government and the local community

This paper addresses the question of evaluating how much the different stakeholders stand to gain from a mining project. By carefully analysing the breakdown of the cash-flows generated, we were able to estimate the amounts received by the local community and by the national community (outside the mining area), the taxes and royalties received by the government and the profits made by the mining company. A real options framework was used to take account of the inherent uncertainty on the commodity price and the reserves, and the operating flexibility (that is, the possibility for the company to stop mining if the commodity price drops and/or the reserves prove to be lower than that had been envisaged). A synthetic case-study of a gold mine in West Africa was used to illustrate how this procedure could be applied in practice. By using the real option framework we were able to envisage scenarios for developing an extension to a deposit as a function of future values of the commodity price. The procedure proposed should provide governments and NGOs with more objective data for making policy decisions.     

DEMAND PROJECTIONS CONSIDERING CONSERVATION1

ABSTRACT: Prediction of future water demands depends on the degree to which conservation effects can be anticipated. A model developed for the Corps of Engineers shows that choosing a numerical conservation target to be achieved is more meaningful and yields more predictable results than price or price elasticity manipulations. The method developed and then applied to the Kaneohe Bay region of Oahu considers the following determinants of demand: geographic distribution of the users, indoor and outdoor requirements, time - by year and month of the year, precipitation, historical unit usage rates, gross and irrigable acreage of land uses, price for water, elasticity of demand with respect to price, source of the water supply (local private supplies vs. agency supplies), and the percentage conservation savings anticipated in each future period in indoor and outdoor uses of water in each of 40 possible land uses. While developed for use in Hawaii, the model is applicable generally.