HRT对城市污水厂尾水反硝化深度脱氮的影响

污水厂尾水回用作为水源时,其ρ(TN)较高是亟待解决的问题. 在调研污水厂尾水水质的基础上,利用MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)对其进行深度脱氮,并考察HRT(水力停留时间)对不同填料(聚乙烯和陶粒)的MBBR运行效果的影响. 结果表明,NO₃--N是尾水中氮的主要形态,其质量浓度约占ρ(TN)的80.8%±8.4%. HRT分别为12、8和4 h时,对NO₃--N去除率影响不大,均能达到90%以上,但反硝化能力随着HRT的缩短而成倍增加;HRT为4 h时各反应器的反硝化能力最大,聚乙烯和陶粒MBBR中分别为(28.4±14.5)和(27.4±14.3)mg/(L·d)(以NO₃--N计). 随着HRT的减少,COD_Cr去除率呈降低趋势. 三维荧光分析表明,进、出水中均含有类富里酸和类蛋白质等DOM物质. HRT为8 h时MBBR对DOM的去除率最高,聚乙烯填料MBBR对有机污染物的去除效果略优于陶粒填料. 综合考虑氮和有机污染物去除效能,聚乙烯和陶粒填料MBBR优化HRT均为8 h.      

温度对城市污水厂尾水反硝化MBBR深度脱氮的影响

为解决城市污水厂尾水再生利用时ρ(TN)高的问题,采用反硝化MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)对城市污水厂尾水进行反硝化脱氮,并重点研究不同温度下分别以聚乙烯和聚丙烯为填料的反硝化MBBR的运行效果. 结果表明:在HRT(水力停留时间)为12 h、温度分别为13、19、25和30 ℃时,NO₃--N去除率和反硝化能力变化不大,聚乙烯和聚丙烯反硝化MBBR的NO₃--N去除率分别为80.1%～85.0%和78.2%～84.0%,二者的反硝化能力分别为6.7～7.1和6.5～7.0 mg/(L·h);较长的HRT弥补了低温时反硝化速率低的不足;随温度增加,生物量逐渐增加,但COD_Cr和DOM(溶解性有机物)的去除率变化不明显. 三维荧光图谱表明,出水中主要的DOM(溶解性有机质)为类色氨酸和类富里酸,聚乙烯和聚丙烯反硝化MBBR对DOM总荧光强度的去除率分别为47.6%～52.5%和24.1%～35.8%. 填料上的微生物以杆菌、丝状菌和球菌为主. 综合考虑脱氮效能和有机物污染物去除效能,聚乙烯和聚丙烯反硝化MBBR深度脱氮的最佳温度均为25 ℃.      

液相化学处理MBBR填料对城市污水厂尾水深度脱氮的影响

为进一步提高移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中普通聚乙烯(PE)填料对城市污水处理厂尾水中NO₃^--N的去除能力,采用液相化学处理法对PE进行改性,并对其反硝化深度脱氮效能进行研究。结果表明：改性聚乙烯(MPE)填料的静态接触角为75.5°,与PE相比降低了26.6%;扫描电镜显示,MPE与PE相比表面结构粗糙度增强;能谱及红外光谱分析表明,MPE表面氧元素含量及结构都发生了变化;MPE填料的MBBR反硝化能力与PE相比得到了明显提高,当进水NO₃^--N和TN浓度分别为(8.5±1.5)和(14.3±2.1) mg/L时,MPE填料的MBBR对NO₃^--N和TN的平均去除率分别为(75.2±7.0)%和(56.5±10.7)%,与PE相比分别提高了20.8%和58.1%。     

应用MBBR工艺处理农田尾水的填料及参数优选

针对农田尾水治理的局限性,采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）工艺对其进行处理,探究该工艺的最优参数控制,并对填料进行比较。结果显示：水力停留时间在6h和8h时,污染物去除效果接近,TN去除率分别为83%和84%,TP去除率分别为94%和92%,当曝气量为6L/min时去除率最高,TN和TP的去除率分别达到85.5%和92%。在最佳水力停留时间和曝气量条件下,分别采用聚乙烯填料、聚氨酯填料和PPC聚氨酯填料进行实验,发现PPC聚氨酯填料处理效果最佳,TN和TP的去除率分别达到91%和94%。     

污水厂尾水受纳河段沉积物反硝化速率及对外源碳的响应

为揭示污水厂尾水排入对河流沉积物反硝化的影响,于2018年10月-2019年6月,在合肥市板桥河的蔡田铺污水处理厂尾水排放口上、下游河段设置4个采样点位,隔月采集上覆水和表层沉积物样,解析沉积物反硝化速率及其时空变化特征,识别主要影响因素;同时,通过对外源碳（葡萄糖）响应的分析,评估沉积物反硝化过程的碳限制性.结果表明,4个采样点的反硝化速率在数值上存在一定的差异性,但并未达到显著性水平（p>0.31）;4个采样点位沉积物反硝化速率都表现为随碳浓度梯度增加而增大、随培养时间延长而下降的特点,表明受纳河段沉积物反硝化作用具有一定的碳限制性,且这种限制具有季节性特征,并以春季和秋季表现得最为明显;上覆水中温度和NO₃^--N浓度对反硝化速率影响较大,沉积物理化指标对反硝化作用的影响较为显著,且在重要和较重要影响因素方面,尾水排放口上、下游存在明显差异性.     

包埋反硝化填料强化二级出水深度脱氮性能研究及中试应用

利用包埋广谱性高效反硝化填料处理城市污水厂二级出水,可有效降低出水总氮(TN)浓度,本研究共分为两部分,D1阶段研究了包埋反硝化填料对污水厂二级出水的适应性、TN去除效果、稳定运行及填料反冲洗的工况条件; D2阶段研究了填料在中试条件下稳定运行1 a脱氮性能的变化,并通过高通量测序和荧光定量分析(q PCR)手段,研究对比了包埋填料运行前后微生物种群的变化规律.通过研究发现,包埋反硝化填料在水温为(24±1)℃、pH为7. 1、HRT为1 h和填充率为10%,投加乙酸钠保证碳源充足的条件下稳定运行7 d,即可适应二级出水水质,实现出水总氮<5 mg·L^-1.通过对比研究不同水力停留时间(HRT)对填料TN去除效果的影响,得出适宜的HRT为30 min,填充率为10%的运行条件,在7. 2 m³·d^-1的进水条件下经过1 a的稳定运行,TN去除率最高可达到90. 42%,出水总氮可稳定在5 mg·L^-1以下.通过对比反冲洗效果,确定了反冲洗强度为5. 2 L·(m²·s)<...     

同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术

从宏观环境理论、微环境理论、微生物理论三个方面阐述了同步硝化反硝化的作用机理,并结合目前的国内外研究成果综述了其影响因素,同时介绍了同步硝化反硝化技术的应用现状,提出了该技术今后的研究方向.     

复合碳源填料反硝化脱氮及微生物群落特性

为探讨低碳氮比污水厂尾水的深度脱氮技术,以碱处理玉米芯、零价铁和活性炭组成的复合碳源作为填料,考察反硝化生物脱氮滤柱的运行效果,并借助Miseq高通量测序技术对滤柱生物膜的微生物群落组成和结构进行解析.结果表明,复合碳源填料进行反硝化脱氮时,能有效的被微生物利用并获得较高的TN去除率.在温度为28℃左右,反硝化滤柱进水NO3--N浓度为20~30mg/L、HRT=7.7h时,TN去除率可达到95%以上,出水TOC在15mg/L左右;微生物在属水平进行聚类分析结果表明,生物膜中与反硝化作用有关的菌属和与纤维素降解有关的菌属分别占已知菌属的40.35%和29.04%.因此,污泥中反硝化作用菌属和纤维素降解有关的菌属的大量存在,为复合碳源填料高效反硝化作用提供了可能.     

铁型反硝化脱氮技术研究进展

传统反硝化工艺是非常有效的废水脱氮技术,具有反应快、效率高等优点,但受废水中有机碳源浓度影响较大.废水中碳源不足不能满足生物反硝化脱氮的需求且会导致总氮(TN)去除率偏低,而投加外源有机碳源会提高处理成本,极易造成二次污染,因而传统反硝化工艺对低碳氮比(C/N)废水脱氮处理具有一定局限性.铁型反硝化脱氮技术作为自养反硝...     

高效生物脱氮途径短程硝化——反硝化

本文对短程硝化--反硝化生物脱氮技术的研究和应用进行了简要综述,并指出了该技术的特点和应用价值.     

Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

The discharge of slau ghterhouse wastewater（SWW） is incre asing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication.The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification（IX-AD） process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process.Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification（SOD）,this study found that IX-AD column showed:（1） stronger ability to resist NO₃^-pollution load,（2） low...     

二级MBBR处理城市污水高品质水再生过程产生的反渗透浓水填料最佳填充率研究

针对城市污水处理厂尾水生产高品质再生水过程中产生的反渗透浓水N H 4 + -N浓度高、盐度高等特点,采用亚硝化-反硝化二级移动床生物膜反应器(二级MBBR)中试装置进行深度脱氮,比较填料填充率(filling ratio,FR)分别为51%、42%和32%情况下,二级MBBR对N H 4 + -N、N O 3 - -N和CODCr等污染物的去除效果。结果表明:亚硝化MBBR中填料FR分别为51%、42%和32%时,N H 4 + -N平均去除率分别为67.0%±4.0%、71.3%±8.9%和73.2%±6.1%,FR优选32%;反硝化MBBR填料FR分别为51%、42%和32%时,N O 3 - -N平均去除率分别为73.1%±4.2%、63.7%±9.4%和64.9%±10.4%。考虑到经济性,优选填料FR为32%。     

基于达标保证率的昆明市污水处理厂出水水质评价

采用多元统计分析,将水质分级评价法和达标保证率法相结合,评价了昆明市7座污水处理厂出水水质.以《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A限值为达标基准,7座污水处理厂出水COD达标保证率均为100%、出水BOD5和SS达标保证率分别在94%和95%以上,不同污水处理厂出水TP、NH3-N和TN的达标保证率表现出较大差异,多维标度分析表明,出水TP的达标保证率与其他指标的偏离程度最大.将污染指标的达标保证率进行分级,建立污水处理厂污染指标达标满意程度评价规则,并制定出水水质的达标控制指标清单.结果表明,TP是第二和第七污水处理厂的重点控制指标,是第三污水处理厂的Ⅰ级控制指标;TN是第三和第七污水处理厂的Ⅰ级控制指标;NH3-N是第一和第三污水处理厂的Ⅰ级控制指标.     

菌藻共生系统净化污水处理厂尾水的条件探究与优化

城镇污水处理厂尾水排入水体后,尾水中的氮、磷仍易引起受纳水体富营养化问题,开展尾水深度处理以进一步去除氮、磷营养物质具有现实意义。通过试验研究了不同菌藻共培养对氮、磷的去除效果,筛选出优势菌藻组合,采用响应面法研究了通气量、光波长、细菌接种量对氮、磷去除效果的交互影响,提出最优参数组合,并建立菌藻共生系统,进行验证试验。结果表明：不同菌藻组合中,蛋白核小球藻-地衣芽胞杆菌-恶臭假单胞菌共培养组对TN、TP的去除效果较好;此菌藻共生系统在蓝光、通气量为1.8 L/min及细菌接种量为20%（体积比）条件下,TN去除率最大可达93.7%,1 d 后TP基本上完全被去除;在蓝光、通气量为2.0 L/min及细菌接种量为5%条件下,2 d后氮去除率可达98.4%;在红光、通气量为2.0~3.0 L/min及细菌接种量为10%~20%条件下,2 d后氨氮可完全被去除。菌藻共生系统对氮、磷去除效果的最优参数组合为蓝光、通气量为1.8 L/min及细菌接种量为20%,最优参数组合验证的结果与预测值相符,系统出水符合GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类水质标准,可为菌藻共生系统的实际应用提供理论基础。

     

污水厂尾水占主导溪流养分滞留潜力及影响因素

为了解污水厂尾水排入对小河流养分滞留的影响,选择南淝河流域二十埠河上游污水厂尾水占主导的磨店小溪流为对象,根据野外示踪试验和模型模拟结果,利用养分螺旋指标定量评估溪流NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和SRP滞留潜力,识别主要影响因素.结果表明,NH₄⁺-N和SRP的主流区一阶吸收系数（λ）较暂态存储区（λ_s）高1个数量级,而且两者的λ或λ_s数值大小颇为接近.S_w-NH₄、S_w-SRP和S_w-NO₃平均值分别为12.71,14.09,7.48km,均远高于溪流总长度,意味着溪流已不具备氮磷养分的去除能力.NH₄⁺-N和SRP吸收长度高于NO₃^--N,但其吸收速度却较NO₃^--N低,表明NO₃^--N滞留潜力相对较高.与该溪流上已有研究的比较,未发现污水厂尾水排入对溪流养分滞留带来明显的不利影响.回归分析表明,水文条件是影响溪流氮磷滞留的重要因素,虽然V_f-SRP、U-SRP都与暂态存储显著相关（P<0.05）,但NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N吸收指标与其关系并不显著.     

Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen(NO_3-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated.During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO_3-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m~2·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24(mg/L)1/2/min,respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845,5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m~2 at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm~3 at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated. During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO₃-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m²·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24 (mg/L)^1/2/min, respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845, 5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m² at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm³ at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

Characteristics of microbial community involved in early biofilms formation under the influence of wastewater treatment plant effluent

Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) containing microorganisms and residual nutrients can influence the biofilm formation. Although the process and mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation have been well characterized, little is known about the characteristics and interaction of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes in the early colonization, especially under the influence of WWTP effluent. The aim of this study was to characterize the important bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic species in the early stage of biofilm formation downstream of the WWTP outlet. Water and biofilm samples were collected 24 and 48 hr after the deposition of bio-cords in the stream. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S and 18S rDNA showed that, among the three domains, the bacterial biofilm community had the largest alpha and beta diversity. The early bacterial colonizers appeared to be “biofilm-specific”, with only a few dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between the biofilm and the ambient water environment. Alpha-proteobacteria and Ciliophora tended to dominate the bacterial and eukaryotic communities, respectively, of the early biofilm already at 24 hr, whereas archaea played only a minor role during the early stage of colonization. The network analysis showed that the three domains of microbial community connected highly during the early colonization and it might be a characteristic of the microbial communities in the biofilm formation process where co-occurrence relationships could drive coexistence and diversity maintenance within the microbial communities.