红厚壳在海南岛的分布及其生长习性

红厚壳在海南岛一直是适应性强，分布广泛的珍贵植物资源。调查结果表明，在经济建设，农业土地开发等压力下，海南岛的红厚壳植物资源正日趋减少，目前仅在琼山，文昌等地区还保留较丰富，南部地区已绝迹，西部地区也难以见到。     

神农架国家级自然保护区樟科资源植物分析

神农架樟科植物种类共有 7属 3 1种 (含变种 ) ,资源植物十分丰富 ,按其用途可分为观赏植物类、蜜源植物类、药用植物类、木材植物类、香料植物类、工业用油脂植物类及珍稀保护植物类等。这些资源植物具有较大的开发利用价值。     

废弃牡蛎壳的污染问题及解决方法

牡蛎口感好、营养价值高,深受人们喜爱,在中国有着巨大的生产和消费市场。但由于养殖户和商家等对牡蛎壳的不当处理,使得牡蛎壳对空气、水等造成污染,对生态环境造成了破坏。对牡蛎壳在浪费资源、侵占土地和海洋资源、产生有害物质等方面出现的污染现象进行分析,结果表明,主要是由于人们的环保意识薄弱,成本、技术等因素导致污染,通过探讨提出解决牡蛎壳污染需要提高人们的环保意识、取得政府的支持和充分使牡蛎壳资源最大化等建议。     

峨眉山资源植物研究

按资源植物的用途与相似有机化学物质类群,将峨眉山资源植物分为5大类11小类.统计表明,绝对数量最高的大类资源植物依次为药用植物、园林植物和食用植物,而药用植物、芳香植物在我国同类资源中占较大的相对比重;绝对数量最高的小类资源植物依次为纤维、鞣质、油脂与蛋白植物资源种类,而淀粉、维生素与色素资源种类比重达到或超过全国同类资源植物数量的1/2.峨眉山资源植物的特点是:种类丰富,蓄积量小;珍稀度高,特有性强;品类齐全,潜力巨大.围绕峨眉山资源植物的有效保护和利用,提出了建立长效的科技合作与资源共享机制,提高资源编目与监测水平,建立"峨眉山植物园",逐步树立"峨眉山"资源植物品牌等建议.     

试析秦皇岛市汤河带状公园二期工程——红飘带设计的生态理念

红飘带位于秦皇岛市的汤河公园,它在将具有视觉冲击的设计元素溶于一体的同时还有着重要的生态目标,提供了一种保护河岸和生态恢复的有效途径.红飘带设计中体现了保护当地生境、最少干预和简约生态设计等生态理念,这些生态理念的应用使得红飘带在一个简洁和经济的设计中将生态与艺术完美结合,成为现在"资源节约型和环境友好型"园林的典范.由此,本文提出应该在整体上进一步提高汤河生态系统健康水平的建议.     

药用石斛的资源危机与保护对策

独特的生物学特性、生态环境被破坏、过度采挖、科研滞后等因素是导致石斛资源危机的根源.通过建立自然保护区,加强资源保护立法和宣传,加强引种驯化和栽培技术等基础研究,建立科学的采收方法,建立物种保护信息管理系统及临控等措施对资源进行保护和开发利用.     

《福建省废弃食用油脂管理办法》正式实施

为防止地沟油等废弃食用油脂流向餐桌,危害人体健康,污染环境,由福建省环保局、工商局、经贸委、卫生局、质监局共同制定的《福建省废弃食用油脂管理办法》于2004年7月15日实施。《办法》明确禁止未取得工商营业执照的单位和个人从事废弃食用油脂回收、贮运、加工、处理处置。禁止任何单位和个人将废弃食用油脂及其加工处理后的成品、半成品用于食用、食品加工或者饲料原料。废弃食用油脂包括油脂使用后不再使用的油脂、餐饮业废弃食用油脂、从泔水中提炼的油脂、抽油烟系统收集的油脂、含油脂废水经油水分离器或者隔油池分离后产生的油脂、…     

名人萍踪

李冰冰、陈琳等参加拍摄古树保护宣传片11月1日,由中国环境文化促进会理事,绿色使者陈琳参加拍摄的古树保护宣传片,在北京电视台、公交车载电视等媒体投放。该活动是中华环境保护基金会与北京市园林局共同主办的“京城古树保护活动第三期筹款活动”项目之一。据悉,绿色使者黄安、李冰冰也参加了这次古树保护宣传片的拍摄。2005年11月9日,由中国电影家协会联合21世纪报系和上海家化集团推动的“红粉笔计划”正式启动,演艺界“第一支笔”张铁林成为为该乡村慈善教育活动献力的第一明星,并写下了“让红粉笔计划梦想成真”的祝语。张铁林为“红…     

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源及其应用前景

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源非常丰富，种类２５种１变种，多度、频度都较大、所产种子富含油脂，油质好、无污染，是理想的食用油和工业用油，精提的山茶油是极好的护肤、护发用品，并发现了很有价值的优良育种材料，如开白花的四倍体山茶。     

三峡库区资源植物调查初报

本文通过实地考察表明,三峡库区有资源植物2068种,其中药用植物1006种、纤维植物140种、油脂植物76种、观赏植物74种、野果植物54种、芳香植物54种、树脂树胶植物68种、淀粉与糖类植物52种、鞣料植物32种、珍稀植物47种以及其它类型植物465种。     

PLANNING UNDEVELOPED LAKESHORE1

ABSTRACT: Private lakeshore development usually precedes establishment of public lake access. As a result, the best access areas are often occupied before public access is provided. The public then has a problem to provide access for nonriparian citizens. This problem can be anticipated and prevented by classifying undeveloped lakeshore areas according to suitability for both private and public uses, and incorporating appropriate recommendations into the municipal, comprehensive land use plan. To accomplish this, a site evaluation system has been developed which numerically rates the lakeshore for each of four public uses: public beaches, picnic areas, boat access areas, and public marinas; and two private uses: private marinas and vacation homes. Ratings are developed for: slope, soil suitability, shoreland type, water quality, site location, scenery, and road access. These ratings are combined with a statement of public goals developed from attitude surveys to produce a lakeshore land use plan. The plan recommends that lakeshore areas best suited for private development are so used, and areas best suited for public use are reserved for that purpose. This site evaluation system is demonstrated by a case study on Lake Champlain in Ferrisburg, Vermont.     

攀西地区野生番石榴资源的开发利用

根据对四川省攀西地区野生番石榴资源的调查研究,本文论述了野生番石榴的生物学特征和分布、食用和药用价值、产量和经济效益等,并提出了开发利用和保护野生番石榴资源的建议     

Use of agricultural land evaluation and site assessment in Linn County,Oregon, USA

Oregon state law requires each county in the state to identify agricultural land and enact policies and regulations to protect agricultural land use. State guidelines encourage the preservation of large parcels of agricultural land and discourage partitioning of agricultural land and construction of nonfarm dwellings in agricultural areas. A land evaluation and site assessment (LESA) system was developed in Linn County to aid in the identification of agricultural land and provide assistance to decision makers concerning the relative merits of requests to partition existing parcels of ricultural land and introduce nonagricultural uses.Land evaluation was determined by calculating soil potential ratings for each agricultural soil in the county based on the soil potentials for winter wheat, annual ryegrass, permanent pasture, and irrigated sweet corn. Soil potential ratings were expressed on a scale of 0 to 150 points. The land evaluation score for a parcel consists of the weighted average soil potential rating for all of the soils in the parcel, weighted by the percentage of each soil present in the parcel.Site assessment was based on the size of a parcel and on the amount of existing conflict between agricultural and nonagricultural uses, particularly rural residential uses, both adjacent to and in the vicinity of a parcel. Parcel size refers to both size in relation to a typical field and size in relation to a typical farm unit. Conflict takes into account the number of nonfarm dwellings within 1/4 mile (0.4 km) of a parcel, the amount of the perimeter that adjoins conflicting land uses, and the residential density adjacent to the parcel. Empirical scales were derived for assigning points to each of the site assessment factors. Both parcel size and conflict were worth 75 points in the model. For parcel size, 45 points were allocated to field size and 30 points to farm-unit size. For conflict, 30 points were allocated to nonfarm dwellings within 1/4 mile and 45 points to perimeter conflicts.The LESA model was validated by testing on 23 parcels in Linn County for which requests to partition and/or convert to nonagricultural uses had been received by the County Planning Department. This testing was an essential part of the development process, as it pointed out inconsistencies and errors in the model and allowed continuous adjustment of factors and point scales. The results of application of the final model to three of the case studies are presented to illustrate the concepts.Three possible uses of the information generated by the LESA system include determining the relative agricultural value of a parcel, determining grades of agricultural land suitability, and determining the impacts of changing land use on other parcels in the vicinity. Relative agricultural value is a direct outcome of application of the evaluation criteria in the LESA model. Good, marginal, and nonagricultural grades of agricultural suitability were determined by examining the data from all 23 test cases and establishing threshold point values for soil quality, conflict, parcel size, and total LESA score. Impact analyses were not done in this study, but could be achieved by calculating LESA scores for all parcels possibly affected by a land-use change both before and after a proposed change. All three applications fall short of making a specific land-use decision, but they do provide information that should be of value to the local jurisdiction charged with making such decisions.     

INDEX OF LAKE BASIN LAND USE FOR LAND USE PLANNING PURPOSES1

ABSTRACT: In order to plan for land use in a lake basin to maintain or improve lake water quality, municipal planners need a method of evaluating lakeshore and watershed land use that is technically sound, objective, reasonably quick, and cheap enough to be incorporated into their time and dollar budgets. Such a system is presented. It consists of measuring and rating four lakeshore land use characteristics (type of sewage disposal system, lot size, road proximity, and intensity of public use areas), and three upland watershed land use characteristics (intensity of development, forest cover, and agriculture and open space). These seven characteristics are measured, rated, and then combined to provide a two-digit index number. This number, when compared with the indexes of other lakes in the region and interpreted with assistance from officials of the State Health and Water Resources Department, indicates on a relative basis the degree to which various land uses are contributing to accelerated, cultural eutrophication. Interpretation of the index suggests land use controls necessary to improve lake water. It supplements, and should be used with, an index of lake vulnerability to accelerated eutrophication and a comparative measure of present water quality.     

MANY RESOURCES,MANY USES: A SYSTEM ANALYSIS APPROACH TO RENEWABLE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Decisionmaking associated with the Nation's 1.7 billion acres of forest and range land has become increasingly complicated because of the rise in competition for resource use and in the awareness of environmental and social effects. This system analysis approach uses four models to synthesize pertinent masses of information into measures of economic, environmental, and social impacts. The system results can be used to help evaluate alternative national programs. The models are:

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THE CHUBB/BAUMAN METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE RECREATION POTENTIAL OF RIVERS: A CRITICAL REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: The Chubb/Bauman (Ch/B) method for making quantitative estimates of recreation potential for rivers is based on the 1968/ 69 Leopold method for quantitative assessment of the scenic beauty of rivers. Both use classifications of environmental variables as the database. Unlike the Leopold method, the classifications used in the Ch/B method consistently reflect human preferences. The Ch/B method collects information on 67 variables, and uses a computer program to produce estimates of potential for 16 common recreation activities. This critique evaluates selected concepts and procedures of the Ch/B method partly by comparison with other available methods of recreation resource inventory. It considers the validity and utility of numerical weighting of variables, the use of numbers derived from place in a classification, and the transformation process. The quantitative techniques of the method exhibit serious flaws. Much of the data produced by the method appears to be quantitative but in fact is not, and it does not produce truly quantitative estimates of recreation potential. Classifications of generalized geographic or environmental variables are shown to have serious defects as a basis for evaluation of recreational potential.     

砂引草对滨海盐渍沙质土壤改良作用的研究

以山东省威海市高区国际海水浴场的砂引草种群为研究对象,在其根系附近采集实验组土样并在周围的空白地面上采集对照组土样,测定几组能够说明其土质的数据,如土壤中空气的体积、土壤储水能力、有机质含量、土壤pH值等.通过将实验组与对照组进行比较,分析得出在滨海盐渍沙质土生长的砂引草可增加土壤中的空气和有机质含量,提高土壤颗粒的贮水能力,降低土壤pH值,同时还有绿化美观的效果,可为滨海的土质改良和绿化提供帮助.     

宁夏大罗山优势资源植物的开发与利用

研究了宁夏大罗山具有潜在优势的资源植物26种，以及它们各自所含的化学成分，探讨如何合理开发利用这些植物资源的途径。     

A City Wide Assessment of the Financial Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City

We assess the potential financial benefits of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Mexico City from the perspective of property owners and entrepreneurs. A bottom‐up approach was followed by evaluating RWH at individual buildings and aggregating the results to a borough/city level. We consider sector‐specific water demands, potable and nonpotable uses, and user‐specific water tariffs. We find that RWH is economically most beneficial for nondomestic users rather than for small domestic users, who are often the target of RWH interventions. Based on a net present value analysis, a potable RWH system is not favored for most domestic users under the current subsidized municipal water tariff structure. Our analysis only considers capital and maintenance expenses, and not other benefits related to increased access to water and reliability, or social benefits from a switch to a RWH system. If the initial capital expense for RWH is partly financed by transferring the water subsidy to an entrepreneur, then RWH becomes financially attractive for a wide range of domestic users. To improve water access in Mexico City, RWH is attractive in the most marginalized boroughs where water use is currently lower and precipitation is higher. For domestic users relying on trucked water, RWH can have great financial benefits. Our approach provides quantitative data with high spatial specificity, highlighting the places and types of users that would benefit most from RWH.     

Using environmental accounts to promote sustainable development: Experience in southern Africa

Environmental accounts bring together economic and environmental information in a common framework to measure the contribution of the environment to the economy and the impact of the economy on the environment. They enable governments to set priorities, monitor economic policies more precisely, enact more effective environmental regulations and resource management strategies, and design more efficient market instruments for environmental policies. This article uses examples from the regional environmental accounting programme in southern Africa to demonstrate the usefulness of environmental accounts to policy-making and natural resource management. The examples address the contribution of natural capital endowments (minerals and fisheries) to sustainable development in Botswana and Namibia; the economic importance of non-market forest goods and services in South Africa; and the socio-economic impact of current water allocation and pricing policies in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. While there are many additional policy applications, these few provide a powerful argument for the use of environmental accounts in all countries.